Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Probiotic Solutions Stress Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Probiotic Solutions

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Probiotic Solutions Stress is a dietary supplement by GNC Probiotic Solutions with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, relaxation and calm, sleep support.Based on those ingredients, 1,493 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract, Suntheanine L-Theanine, Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60). Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “LAB4 Probiotics” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (108 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 6 active ingredients: theanine (branded as Suntheanine L-Theanine), which is an amino acid from tea; two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics (CUL 60 and CUL 21); two strains of Bifidobacterium probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL 20 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CUL 34); ashwagandha root extract standardized as KSM-66; and LAB4 Probiotics, a probiotic blend. The inactive ingredients are a vegetarian capsule shell, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, magnesium stearate, and titanium dioxide.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support ability to cope with everyday stress.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), stress resilience, emotional wellness.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Possibly Effective" for Anxiety (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Possibly Effective" for Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Stress.
  • Also on file: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

The theanine in this product is possibly effective for cognitive function, but evidence for anxiety, age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, OCD, and cancer isn't established. Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), making it the main ingredient working on the 'stress' claim.

The probiotic strains are possibly effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with ashwagandha and probiotics together potentially supporting both mood and digestive wellness—though evidence for the other conditions these probiotics address (respiratory infections, bacterial vaginosis, Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and constipation) is also possibly effective. However, Lactobacillus acidophilus is possibly ineffective for atopic disease.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Theanine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults for short-term use, but long-term safety isn't well studied; it may cause headaches, drowsiness, increased sleep duration, or vivid dreams. Ashwagandha is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though quality and long-term safety data are limited; common side effects are rare but include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal upset, and rare serious cases of liver damage, intracranial bleeding, and thyroid problems have been reported.

The probiotics are generally well tolerated in healthy adults and children; uncommon side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, and very rarely infection-related complications (mostly in immunocompromised or critically ill patients). During pregnancy, theanine and ashwagandha should be avoided—ashwagandha is rated likely unsafe and traditionally thought to carry miscarriage risk, while theanine lacks sufficient safety data.

Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum are rated possibly safe in pregnancy; data on Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis isn't on file. During breastfeeding, theanine and ashwagandha should be avoided due to insufficient safety data; the same applies to LAB4 Probiotics.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product fits your pregnancy or breastfeeding plans.

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis, Ashwagandha, Theanine, Bifidobacterium Bifidum.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,494 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), sedatives or sleep aids, benzodiazepines, diabetes medications, immunosuppressants, thyroid hormones, antibiotic drugs, or any medication processed by your liver or known to be toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic drugs). If you take antibiotics, space them several hours away from this supplement so the live probiotic organisms aren't killed.

The interactions span a wide range of common medications, so checking your exact prescriptions is important.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is built around ashwagandha for stress and anxiety, with theanine and probiotics as supporting players for cognition and digestive health. If you take blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, sedatives, benzodiazepines, immunosuppressants, thyroid hormones, antibiotics, or liver-metabolized drugs, you'll want to review the full interaction list with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

It's not suitable in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Generally well tolerated for short-term use in healthy adults, but long-term safety data are limited.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Probiotic Solutions Stress, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Probiotic Solutions
Net contents 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2021
DSLD ID 246709
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Suntheanine L-Theanine200 mg--
Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60)0 NP--
Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20)0 NP--
KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract600 mg--
Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 21)0 NP--
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34)0 NP--
LAB4 Probiotics108 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule Shell, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take two capsules daily with food.

Precautions

Contains: Milk.

Warning: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Keep out of reach of children.

Formulation

Made in the UK.

May support the ability to cope with everyday stress Promotes a sense of relaxation Guaranteed potency through expiration date

Potency guaranteed Promotes relaxation & may provide digestive & immune support

Formula

Why GNC Probiotic Solutions Stress? Multiple strains of live, active probiotic cultures Includes clinically studied Suntheanine L-theanine plus KSM-66 ashwagandha

KSM-66 Ashwagandha World's best Ashwagandha Suntheanine

25 Billion CFUs Clinically studied ingredients

Guaranteed potency Probiotic Solutions Stress has been tested to ensure the full 25 billion cultures in each dose are live and active when used by the expiration date.

Storage

No refrigeration necessary

Store in a cool, dry place. No refrigeration required.

General Statements

Healthy lifestyle practices such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, plenty of sleep, yoga and meditation can also help manage everyday stress.

For more information: 1-888-462-2548

30-day supply

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

KSM-66 is the registered trademark of Ixoreal Biomed Inc. Suntheanine is a registered trademark of Taiyo International, Inc.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Suntheanine L-Theanine

Interacts with
565 drugs
200 mg per serving

Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong dro...

Suntheanine L-Theanine monograph & interactions

KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract

Interacts with
1,372 drugs
600 mg per serving

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...

KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule Shell, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions Drug Interactions

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Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Probiotic Solutions Stress with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract10 drug types · 1,372 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]

Likelihood Possible Evidence C

Suntheanine L-Theanine3 drug types · 565 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence C

Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium. bifidum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. bifidum.
Since B. bifidum preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. bifidum preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium lactis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. lactis.
Since B. lactis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. lactis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Probiotic Solutions Stress, from the product label.

GNC Probiotic Solutions

See all GNC Probiotic Solutions products
Name
GNC Holdings, LLC
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15222
Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Web Address
GNC.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions: Common Questions

Does Probiotic Solutions Stress by GNC Probiotic Solutions interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Probiotic Solutions Stress has a known interaction with 1,493 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Probiotic Solutions Stress contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Ashwagandha is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and traditionally linked to miscarriage risk, and theanine lacks enough safety data. While some of the probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) are rated possibly safe in pregnancy, the ashwagandha makes this product not recommended. During breastfeeding, ashwagandha and theanine should also be avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about alternatives suitable for pregnancy or nursing.
Will this help my anxiety?
Ashwagandha is possibly effective for anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and theanine is included in the formula, though evidence for theanine alone for anxiety isn't firmly established. This product may help, but results vary from person to person, and it's best used alongside other stress-management strategies and with your doctor's guidance.
What if I'm taking antibiotics?
If you take antibiotics at the same time as this product, they can kill the live probiotic organisms and reduce this supplement's effectiveness. Space your antibiotic dose and this supplement several hours apart—for example, take the antibiotic in the morning and the supplement in the evening. Talk with your pharmacist about the best timing for your specific antibiotic.
What side effects might I notice?
Most common are headaches, drowsiness, or gastrointestinal effects like bloating, flatulence, or mild stomach discomfort. These are usually uncommon or rare. Ashwagandha can rarely cause more serious liver or thyroid problems, so if you develop yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, extreme fatigue, or signs of overactive thyroid (tremor, rapid heartbeat, heat sensitivity), stop and contact your doctor right away.
Is this safe for long-term use?
Short-term safety in healthy adults is generally established, but long-term safety data for theanine and ashwagandha are limited. If you plan to take this regularly for weeks or months, discuss it with your doctor or pharmacist to ensure ongoing safety monitoring, especially if you have liver disease or take thyroid or blood pressure medications.
What does each ingredient do?
Theanine supports cognitive function. Ashwagandha is included for stress, anxiety, and insomnia. The four probiotic strains support digestive and gut health, particularly for IBS and respiratory health. Together they're meant to address both mood and digestive wellness, though evidence is strongest for ashwagandha on stress and anxiety.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Probiotic Solutions Stress label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Probiotic Solutions Stress’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Theanine

Interacts with 565 drugs

Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...

Read the full Theanine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Ashwagandha

Interacts with 1,372 drugs

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...

Read the full Ashwagandha monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium bifidum is a 'friendly' bacteria (probiotic) that naturally lives in the human gut and is taken to support digestion and gut balance. Some evidence suggests probiotics may he...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is a well-studied probiotic bacterium commonly added to supplements and yogurts to support digestion and gut health. It appears generally safe for most...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Probiotic Solutions Stress's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 68 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Theanine 6 references
  1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
  2. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
  3. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
  4. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
  5. Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
  6. Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed

See these in context on the Theanine monograph →

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
  10. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

Bifidobacterium Bifidum 7 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  3. Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Randomized controlled trial of probiotics to reduce common cold in schoolchildren. Pediatr Int. 2012;54(5):682-7. PubMed
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Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis 8 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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