Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 10 of 14 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Pro Performance

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream is a dietary supplement by GNC Pro Performance with 14 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 658 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Mucuna Pruriens, Calcium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 18 active ingredients.
  • “Glutamine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (5 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Leucine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Digestive Enzymes” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream contains 18 ingredients, including active protein sources and enzymes. The protein matrix combines whey protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, micellar casein, milk protein isolate, and soy protein isolate — designed to provide a blend of fast and slow-digesting proteins.

It also contains L-glutamine (an amino acid that may support muscle recovery), Mucuna Pruriens (a plant containing levodopa), and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine). Digestive enzymes — bromelain, papain, cellulase, and lipase — are included to aid protein breakdown and nutrient absorption.

The remaining 10 ingredients are inactive: natural and artificial flavors, hydrogenated vegetable oil, lecithin, gum blend, monoglycerides, salt, titanium dioxide, sucralose, and vanillin.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle building and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, muscle recovery, protein synthesis, sports nutrition — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Whey Protein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Papain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.

We hold no effectiveness ratings for this product as a whole. Individual ingredients show mixed evidence: whey protein is rated Possibly Effective for athletic performance but Possibly Ineffective for osteoporosis.

Casein protein (in micellar casein and calcium caseinate) has no established effectiveness ratings in our data. L-glutamine is rated Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting and postoperative recovery, though those uses are clinical rather than for typical fitness goals.

The enzymes (bromelain, lipase, papain) and Mucuna Pruriens all lack sufficient evidence in our data to rate their effectiveness for any condition. Calcium is Likely Effective for osteoporosis and has other established uses, but it's a mineral component here rather than the product's primary purpose.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Calcium Glutamine Whey Protein Casein Protein Papain Bromelain

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 10 of the 10 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 10 of 10.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 10 of 10.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The whey and casein proteins are generally well tolerated by most healthy adults when used as directed, though concentrated supplement forms are not as well studied as food sources. Common side effects from protein powders include bloating, cramps, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and reduced appetite — most dose-related and mild.

Whey has been linked to acne onset or worsening in case reports, typically reversing when the supplement stops. L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but requires medical supervision in kidney or liver disease; gastrointestinal effects (belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, nausea) are most common, and rare cases of mania have been reported in people with bipolar disorder.

Sodium and potassium in this product come from added minerals; excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain over time, and high potassium can cause serious heart rhythm problems, especially in kidney disease. Papain may irritate the digestive tract and cause allergic reactions; concentrated papain is best avoided in pregnancy because it may trigger uterine contractions.

Bromelain is generally well tolerated short-term but may cause diarrhea, flatulence, or gastric upset; it's best avoided in pregnancy. Mucuna Pruriens contains levodopa (an active drug-like compound) and should be used with professional guidance; it may lower prolactin levels and reduce milk supply, so it's best avoided while breastfeeding.

For pregnancy, glutamine is rated Likely Safe; calcium and potassium are Likely Safe at recommended amounts; sodium has mixed data (Likely Safe to Possibly Unsafe); whey, casein, bromelain, papain, and Mucuna Pruriens carry no clear pregnancy ratings in our data — discuss with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Calcium Glutamine Whey Protein Casein Protein Papain Bromelain

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 8 of the 10 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Papain, Calcium, Whey Protein, Potassium, Glutamine, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 658 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist or doctor FIRST if you take: methyldopa or non-selective MAOIs (with Mucuna Pruriens — risk of dangerous blood pressure changes or hypertensive crisis); dolutegravir, elvitegravir, or ceftriaxone (with calcium — reduced antibiotic or antiviral levels, or serious precipitation); levodopa for Parkinson disease (with whey proteins or Mucuna Pruriens — worsens tremor and movement control); blood thinners like warfarin (with papain or bromelain — increased bleeding risk); ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium-sparing diuretics (with potassium — risk of dangerously high blood potassium); blood pressure medications (with sodium — reduced effectiveness); levothyroxine for thyroid (with calcium — reduced absorption and effectiveness); or tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics, bisphosphonates, or antiseizure drugs (interactions documented with whey proteins, calcium, or glutamine that may reduce their effectiveness).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a high-protein powder aimed at muscle support and athletic performance. If you take any prescription medications — especially for Parkinson disease, HIV, blood pressure, heart rhythm, thyroid function, diabetes, or seizures — run your exact medication list through the checker on this page before starting.

Anyone with kidney disease or on a sodium-restricted or potassium-restricted diet should talk to their pharmacist first, as the mineral content may not be appropriate. Otherwise, for healthy adults without drug interactions, it's generally well tolerated, though digestive side effects are common at higher doses.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 13 of 18 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Pro Performance
Barcode (UPC) 048107119607
Net contents 32 oz.; 2 lb; 909 Gram(s); 22 Serving(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2013
DSLD ID 25694
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
20.1 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
80.4 Gram(s)
Servings per container
22
UPC/BARCODE
048107119607
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories140 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates7 Gram(s)2%
L-Glutamine0 NP--
Sugar1 Gram(s)--
Calories from Fat20 {Calories}--
Protein22 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat1.5 Gram(s)8%
Sodium220 mg9%
Potassium200 mg6%
Cholesterol50 mg17%
Calcium150 mg15%
Total Fat2 Gram(s)3%
Whey Protein Isolate0 NP--
Whey Protein concentrate0 NP--
Micellar Casein0 NP--
Papain0 NP--
Soy Protein isolate0 NP--
Bromelain0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Calcium Caseinate0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Glutamine5 Gram(s)--
Leucine0 NP--
Milk Protein isolate0 NP--
Isoleucine0 NP--
Valine0 NP--
Digestive Enzymes100 mg--
Branched Chain Amino Acid Blend8 Gram(s)--
L-Leucine, OT20 NP--
Mucuna Pruriens500 mg--

Other ingredients: Protein Blend, Natural and Artificial flavors, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Lecithin, Gum Blend, Monoglycerides, Salt, Titanium Dioxide, Sucralose, Vanillin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

THE BENEFITS OF PROTEIN ADVANCE XR(TM) GNC's superior Pro Performance(R) XR Series(TM) Protein Advance XR(TM) contains a combination of 7 forms of premium protein to give athletes an immediate burst of amino acids followed by a sustained release of muscle fuel. This powerful formula is a revolutionary anabolic protein that supports growth and recovery. This potent formula also contains the first ever intelligently delivered leucine with Optimal Timing Technology - OT2(TM).

Pro Performance(R) Protein Advance XR(TM) is enhanced with OT2(TM) which provides a sustained release of leucine for 6 hours.

OT2(TM) - THE EXCLUSIVE GNC ADVANTAGE OT2(TM) is GNC's intelligent nutrient delivery system engineered to help release key ingredients during crucial times when you need them most! These breakthrough products are designed to deliver immediate and sustained release of ingredients to help maintain benefits throughout your workout, day or night. OT2(TM) ingredients are coated with a special technology that controls when they are released.

NITRO-FACTOR(TM) - MAXIMIZE MUSCLE BUILDING

To fuel performance and anabolism, Pro Performance(R) Protein Advance XR(TM) is loaded with 28 grams of nitrogen-boosting ingredients.

The dosage chart above is a recommendation by GNC Scientists for best results from Pro Performance(R) XR Series(TM) Protein Advance XR(TM). It is recommended that the minimum daily dose is taken on each day based on activity level.

STACK WITH: Pro Performance(R) BCAA Advance XR(TM), Creatine Advance XR(TM) and Restore Advance XR(TM).

General Statements

How can athletes possible get the necessary fuel they need as they strive to achieve their peak athletic performance throughout the day?

These special actives may be seen in the product - now that's real technology you can see and feel! It goes without saying that protein is critical for stimulating muscle synthesis and preserving muscle glycogen stores. Leucine, a key branched chain amino acid, is one of the primary nutrients in protein responsible for these benefits. With the introduction of the unique, sustained-release technology, now you can get muscle fueling leucine for up to six hours!

The full muscle building potential of a GNC product is based on its total nitrogen content - so the more nitrogen a product has, the stronger it will perform. Nitrogen needs increase during training, and if nitrogen levels are low, your body pulls from muscle stores which can result in catabolism, poor performance and longer recovery.

When used in conjunction with an exercise program.

Products bearing this logo have been tested for banned substances by HFL Sport Science, a world-class anti-doping lab. Product was tested for over 145 banned substances on the 2012 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List via HFL skip lot testing protocol #ICP0307. See gnc.com for more information.

{QR Code} SCAN & LEARN MORE

7 Protein Blend to Fuel Muscle Growth & Recovery to Help Combat Catabolism

Daily Post-Workout Recovery

Significant product settling may occur.

Typical Amino Acid Profile Per Serving: Alanine 904 mg Arginine 665 mg Aspartate 2203 mg Cystine 366 mg Glutamate 5130 mg Glycine 416 mg Histidine 477 mg Isoleucine 1269 mg Leucine 6073 mg Lysine 1822 mg Methionine 508 mg Phenylalanine 843 mg Proline 1452 mg Serine 1122 mg Threonine 1284 mg Tryptophan 355 mg Tyrosine 822 mg Valine 1289 mg Total 27000 mg Indicates Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) Denotes naturally occurring and added free form amino acids.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

INFORMED-CHOICE{check}.ORG Trusted by sport

BANNED SUBSTANCE FREE

NITRO-FACTOR 28G(TM)

OT2 OPTIMAL TIMING TECHNOLOGY

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Formula

OT2(TM) for Immediate & Sustained 6 Hour Extended Release Anabolic Leucine

Features 8g BCAA, 5g Glutamine, Mucuna & Digestive Enzymes

NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS

22G PROTEIN 140 CALORIES 1G SUGAR 6G CARBS

CONTAINS: Milk, Egg and Soybeans.

General

CODE 386214 HNG

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: As a dietary supplement, mix one scoop (40.2g) with 6-8 fl.oz. of water or your favorite beverage post-workout. For best results, take twice daily on training days and take one scoop between meals on non-training days.

Exercise Daily Dose Protein Benefit No Exercise 1/2 scoop with or between meals 11 g Help meet protein needs & fuel metabolism Light to Moderate Exercise 1 scoop after exercise, with or between meals 22 g Fuel muscles and metabolism & support recovery Moderate to Intense Exercise 2 scoops after exercise, with or between meals 44 g Fuel optimal performance, lean muscle mass, metabolism & recovery

Formulation

Trans fat free.

Precautions

NOTICE: Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

CONTAINS: Milk, Egg and Soybeans.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance

These are the 14 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size20.1 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container22 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

1 Gram(s) per serving

Protein

22 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
220 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
200 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Calcium

Interacts with
168 drugs
150 mg per serving

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...

Calcium monograph & interactions

Glutamine

Interacts with
50 drugs
5 Gram(s) per serving

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...

Glutamine monograph & interactions

Digestive Enzymes

100 mg per serving

Branched Chain Amino Acid Blend

8 Gram(s) per serving
  • › Leucine
  • › Isoleucine
  • › Valine

Mucuna Pruriens

Interacts with
193 drugs
500 mg per serving Form: L-Dopa

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied...

Mucuna Pruriens monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Protein Blend, Natural and Artificial flavors, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Lecithin, Gum Blend, Monoglycerides, Salt, Titanium Dioxide, Sucralose, Vanillin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
658Drugs
24 Major 632 Moderate 2 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Mucuna Pruriens 193
Calcium 168
Bromelain 141
Potassium 62

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream interact with 658 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

7 of the 14 ingredients in Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Mucuna Pruriens Calcium Bromelain Potassium Glutamine Papain

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Mucuna Pruriens8 drug types · 193 drugs

Levodopa

Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Some cowhage products have been standardized to contain 75-400 mg of levodopa per dose.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with methyldopa might cause additive hypotension. In addition, methyldopa may inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and increase levodopa levels in the central nervous system; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with non-selective MAOIs might cause hypertensive crisis. However, this interaction has not been reported with MAO-B selective inhibitors such as selegiline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anesthesia

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated. Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa might counteract the antidopaminergic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with guanethidine might cause additive hypotension; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tricyclic Antidepressants (Tcas)

Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of TCAs might reduce the absorption of levodopa. Some case reports describe patients that developed hypertension and dyskinesia when taking both levodopa and TCAs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mucuna Pruriens full monograph & interactions

Calcium18 drug types · 168 drugs

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aluminum

Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Lithium

Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Raltegravir (Isentress)

Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sotalol (Betapace)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Thiazide Diuretics

Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Calcium full monograph & interactions

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions

Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glutamine full monograph & interactions

Papain1 drug type · 2 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Papain full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream, from the product label.

GNC Pro Performance

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Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance: Common Questions

Does Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream by GNC Pro Performance interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream has a known interaction with 658 medications, including 24 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream contains 14 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The protein bases (whey, casein, milk) are fine; calcium and potassium are Likely Safe at recommended amounts. However, Mucuna Pruriens should be avoided while breastfeeding because it may lower milk supply. Bromelain and papain are best avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding. For the others — glutamine, sodium, enzymes — we don't have clear safety data for pregnancy or breastfeeding, so talk to your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What are these digestive enzymes for?
Bromelain, papain, cellulase, and lipase are proteases and lipases meant to break down protein and fat so your body absorbs the nutrients more easily. They're added to protein powders to improve digestion, though the evidence that they significantly boost absorption from a powder is limited.
Will this give me acne?
Whey protein has been linked to acne onset or worsening in case reports, especially in teenagers and young adults. Not everyone gets it, but if you're prone to acne, you're at higher risk. Acne typically clears when you stop the whey supplement.
What's Mucuna Pruriens and why is it in here?
Mucuna Pruriens is a plant that contains levodopa, a compound related to dopamine. It's marketed for mood, sexual function, and muscle support, though the evidence isn't solid. It acts like a drug in your body and can interact with several medications, so it's worth discussing with your pharmacist before use.
Is this good for building muscle?
Whey protein is rated Possibly Effective for athletic performance in our data. Whether this powder helps you build muscle depends on your training, total protein intake, calories, and consistency — the protein itself is a tool, not a magic bullet.
What if I get bloating or diarrhea?
Bloating, diarrhea, and gas are the most common side effects and are usually dose-related. Try starting with a smaller amount, mixing it well, and drinking plenty of water. If it persists, you may not tolerate high-dose protein powders well — talk to your pharmacist about alternatives.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Calcium

Interacts with 168 drugs

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...

Read the full Calcium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Whey Protein

Interacts with 53 drugs

Whey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when combined with exercise. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Whey Protein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Casein Protein

Casein is a slow-digesting protein from milk that supplies all the essential amino acids and is popular for muscle recovery, especially overnight. It is generally safe for most people who to...

Read the full Casein Protein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Papain

Interacts with 2 drugs

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...

Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cowhage

Interacts with 193 drugs

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied for Parkinson's disease symptoms and ma...

Read the full Cowhage monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Protein Advance XR Vanilla Cream's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 252 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
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  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Sodium 38 references
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  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
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  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
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  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Potassium 12 references
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  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
  4. Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
  5. Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
  7. Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
  8. Potassium chloride injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc.; 2009.
  9. Patel RB, Tannenbaum S, Viana-Tejedor A, et al. Serum potassium levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality following non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina: insights from MERLIN-TIMI 36. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Feb;6(1):1 PubMed
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  11. Keskin M, Kaya A, Tatlisu MA, et al. The effect of serum potassium level on in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:505-10.
  12. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad

See these in context on the Potassium monograph →

Calcium 62 references
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Lipase 1 reference
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See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Cowhage 12 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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