Senna Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Pure Herbs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Senna against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Senna is a dietary supplement by Pure Herbs with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for short-term constipation relief, bowel cleansing before procedures, occasional irregularity.Based on those ingredients, 140 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Senna leaf extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Senna by Pure Herbs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Senna by Pure Herbs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Senna by Pure Herbs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Pure Herbs Senna is a single-ingredient liquid containing senna leaf extract, a plant-based stimulant laxative. Senna works by speeding up how your intestines contract, which moves stool through faster and triggers a bowel movement.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Senna is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for bowel preparation before medical procedures. The data we hold doesn't establish whether it helps with high potassium (hyperkalemia).
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Senna is generally well tolerated when you use it short-term at standard doses, but it's not meant for long-term daily use without a doctor's guidance. The most common side effects are abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, gas, and changes to urine color.
Rare serious effects include skin reactions, and overuse over weeks can cause finger clubbing and muscle weakness (tetany). Pregnancy and lactation safety data suggests it's possibly safe, but because the data is limited, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist to decide what's right for you.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before you take Senna, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on warfarin or another blood thinner (Moderate risk), digoxin or another heart medication (Moderate risk), diuretics or water pills (Moderate risk), estrogens or birth control (Moderate risk), or other stimulant laxatives (Moderate risk).
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Senna works well for occasional constipation or bowel prep when used short-term, but it's not a daily go-to without medical guidance. If you take a blood thinner, heart medication, water pill, or birth control, you need to clear this with your doctor or pharmacist first — the interactions are real.
Check your exact medications before you start.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 13, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Senna, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Pure Herbs |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 13, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 278881 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Senna by Pure Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: For adults, mix 2 mL (abt. 1/2 tsp) of extract in 2 fl. oz (60 mL) water one time daily preferably with a meal.
Shake well before use
Formulation
Beneficial for occasional constipation and helps relieve discomfort from occasional muscle cramping.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Notice: This product contains Senna also known as Alexandria Senna. Read and follow directions carefully. Do not use if you have or develop diarrhea, loose stool, or abdominal pain because Senna also known as Alexandria Senna may worsen these conditions and be harmful to your health.
Consult your physician if you have frequent diarrhea or if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.
Keep out of reach of children
Brand IP Statement(s)
Pure Herbs, Ltd. Natural Herbal Extracts
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
"No expense has been spared to provide the finest nature has to offer."
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Senna by Pure Herbs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Senna by Pure Herbs
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.
Senna leaf extract
Interacts with140 drugs
Senna is a plant-based stimulant laxative that is widely used and generally effective for short-term relief of constipation. It is best used occasiona...
Senna leaf extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Senna by Pure Herbs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Pure Herbs Senna interacts with several medication types through its senna leaf extract.
The most serious documented concern is with warfarin (a blood thinner), where excessive senna use can increase bleeding risk by amplifying warfarin's effects — this happens because senna causes diarrhea, which increases how much warfarin your body absorbs.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Senna also has Moderate interactions with diuretics (water pills), digoxin (a heart medication), estrogens (including birth control), and other stimulant laxatives. Diuretics and senna together raise the risk of low potassium (hypokalemia).
Digoxin carries the same potassium-loss risk, which can trigger heart rhythm problems. Estrogens may not be absorbed as well if you're taking senna, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
Combining senna with other stimulant laxatives compounds fluid and electrolyte loss.
Altogether, these interactions span 140 individual medications. Before you start this product, run your exact prescriptions through the checker on this page — especially if you take a blood thinner, heart medication, diuretic, or hormonal contraceptive.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Senna?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Senna interact with 140 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Senna interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Senna leaf extract
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Acetazolamide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Ammonium Chloride interactionArmodafinilNuvigil
How Armodafinil interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Armodafinil interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated EstrogensDuavee
How Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractEstrogens Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
How Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Benzthiazide interactionBisacodylDulcolax, Gentlax
How Bisacodyl interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bisacodyl interactionBisacodyl, DocusateDulcolax Laxative Tabs
How Bisacodyl, Docusate interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bisacodyl, Docusate interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bumetanide interactionBumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K
How Bumetanide, Potassium interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
How Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCandesartan Cilexetil, HydrochlorothiazideAtacand HCT
How Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaptopril, HydrochlorothiazideAcezide, Capozide
How Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCasanthranolDoxidan Liquid Gels
How Casanthranol interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Casanthranol interactionCasanthranol, DocusateDoxidan
How Casanthranol, Docusate interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Casanthranol, Docusate interactionCasanthranol, Docusate PotassiumDialose Plus
How Casanthranol, Docusate Potassium interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Casanthranol, Docusate Potassium interactionCasanthranol, Docusate SodiumPeri-Colace
How Casanthranol, Docusate Sodium interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Casanthranol, Docusate Sodium interactionCastor Oil (otc Drug)Purge
How Castor Oil (otc Drug) interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractStimulant Laxatives Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Castor Oil (otc Drug) interactionChlorothiazideDiuril
How Chlorothiazide interacts with Senna — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Senna Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Senna Leaf Extract + Chlorothiazide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Senna with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Senna leaf extract
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Overuse/abuse of senna increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of senna might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss and increase the risk for hypokalemia.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Some preliminary clinical evidence suggests that senna reduces the absorption of estradiol and decreases serum concentrations of estrone and estrone sulfate by decreasing intestinal transit time.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Senna is a stimulant laxative; concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, excessive use of senna might increase the effects of warfarin.
Senna has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case report, excessive use of senna for 3 weeks resulted in diarrhea, bloody stools, and an elevated INR of 11.9.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Senna, from the product label.
Pure Herbs
See all Pure Herbs products- Name
- Pure Herbs, Ltd.
- City
- Sterling Heights
- State
- MI
- Phone Number
- (800) 860-4372
- Web Address
- www.pureherbs.com
Senna by Pure Herbs: Common Questions
Does Senna by Pure Herbs interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is senna safe to use every day?
Will senna affect my birth control?
What are the common side effects?
Can I take senna with other laxatives?
Is senna safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Senna is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Senna’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Senna's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 42 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Senna 42 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
- Seybold U, Landauer N, Hillebrand S, Goebel FD. Senna-induced hepatitis in a poor metabolizer. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:650-1. PubMed
- Vanderperren B, Rizzo M, Angenot L, et al. Acute liver failure with renal impairment related to the abuse of senna anthraquinone glycosides. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:1353-7. PubMed
- Xing JH, Soffer EE. Adverse effects of laxatives. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1201-9. PubMed
- Prior J, White I. Tetany and clubbing in patient who ingested large quantities of senna. Lancet 1978;2:947. PubMed
- Langmead L, Rampton DS. Review article: herbal treatment in gastrointestinal and liver disease--benefits and dangers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1239-52. PubMed
- Joo JS, Ehrenpreis ED, Gonzalez L, et al. Alterations in colonic anatomy induced by chronic stimulant laxatives: the cathartic colon revisited. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;26:283-6. PubMed
- Godding EW. Laxatives and the special role of senna. Pharmacology 1988;36:230-6. PubMed
- van Os FH. Anthraquinone derivatives in vegetable laxatives. Pharmacology 1976;14:7-17. PubMed
- Sondheimer JM, Gervaise EP. Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: a comparative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1982;1:223-6. DOI
- Perkin JM. Constipation in childhood: a controlled comparison between lactulose and standardized senna. Curr Med Res Opin 1977;4:540-3. PubMed
- Shelton MG. Standardized senna in the management of constipation in the puerperium: A clinical trial. S Afr Med J 1980;57:78-80.
- [No authors listed] Senna in the puerperium. Pharmacology 1992;44:23-5. PubMed
- Passmore AP, Davies KW, Flanagan PG, et al. A comparison of Agiolax and lactulose in elderly patients with chronic constipation. Pharmacology 1993;47:249-52. PubMed
- Passmore AP, Wilson-Davies K, Stoker C, Scott ME. Chronic constipation in long stay elderly patients: a comparison of lactulose and a senna-fibre combination. BMJ 1993;307:769-71. PubMed
- MacLennan WJ, Pooler AFWM. A comparison of sodium picosulphate ("Laxoberal") with standardised senna ("Senokot") in geriatric patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2:641-7. PubMed
- Kittisupamongkol W, Nilaratanakul V, Kulwichit W. Near-fatal bleeding, senna, and the opposite of lettuce. Lancet 2008;371:784. PubMed
- Prather CM. Pregnancy-related constipation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2004;6:402-4. PubMed
- Werthmann WM Jr, Krees SV. Quantitative excretion of Senokot in human breast milk. Med Ann Dist Columbia 1973;42:4-5.
- Hagemann TM. Gastrointestinal medications and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 1998;14:259-62. PubMed
- Faber P, Strenge-Hesse A. Senna-containing laxatives: excretion in the breast milk? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1989;49:958-62.
- Faber P, Strenge-Hesse A. Relevance of rhein excretion into breast milk. Pharmacology 1988;36 Suppl 1:212-20. PubMed
- Duncan AS. Standardized senna as a laxative in the puerperium; a clinical assessment. Br Med J 1957;1:439-41. PubMed
- Stickel, F. and Schuppan, D. Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Dig.Liver Dis. 2007;39(4):293-304. PubMed
- BALDWIN, W. F. CLINICAL STUDY OF SENNA ADMINISTRATION TO NURSING MOTHERS: ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON INFANT BOWEL HABITS. Can.Med Assoc.J 9-14-1963;89:566-568. DOI
- Sonmez, A., Yilmaz, M. I., Mas, R., Ozcan, A., Celasun, B., Dogru, T., Taslipinar, A., and Kocar, I. H. Subacute cholestatic hepatitis likely related to the use of senna for chronic constipation. Acta Gastroenterol.Belg. 2005;68(3):385-387.
- Beuers, U., Spengler, U., and Pape, G. R. Hepatitis after chronic abuse of senna. Lancet 2-9-1991;337(8737):372-373. PubMed
- Lim, A. K., Hooke, D. H., and Kerr, P. G. Anorexia nervosa and senna misuse: nephrocalcinosis, digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Med J Aust. 1-21-2008;188(2):121-122. PubMed
- McLaughlin, A. F. Anorexia nervosa and senna misuse: nephrocalcinosis, digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Med J Aust. 9-15-2008;189(6):348. PubMed
- Soyuncu, S., Cete, Y., and Nokay, A. E. Portal vein thrombosis related to Cassia angustifolia. Clin.Toxicol.(Phila) 2008;46(8):774-777.
- Levine, D., Goode, A. W., and Wingate, D. L. Purgative abuse associated with reversible cachexia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and finger clubbing. Lancet 4-25-1981;1(8226):919-920. PubMed
- Malmquist, J., Ericsson, B., Hulten-Nosslin, M. B., Jeppsson, J. O., and Ljungberg, O. Finger clubbing and aspartylglucosamine excretion in a laxative-abusing patient. Postgrad.Med J 1980;56(662):862-864. PubMed
- Lewis, S. J., Heaton, K. W., Oakey, R. E., and McGarrigle, H. H. Lower serum oestrogen concentrations associated with faster intestinal transit. Br.J Cancer 1997;76(3):395-400. PubMed
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