ShotGun 5X Wild Grape By VPX Overview & Drug Interactions
Check For Interactions With ShotGun 5X Wild Grape
Supplement: ShotGun 5X Wild Grape by VPX
This product contains
Below is a list of the 'active' ingredients listed on the supplement label for this product.
For a list of 'other ingredients', such as fillers, please see the 'Label Information' section on this page.
Calories
Ingredient Group | Header |
---|---|
Category | other |
Sodium
Ingredient Group | Sodium |
---|---|
Category | mineral |
Protein
Ingredient Group | Protein (unspecified) |
---|---|
Category | protein |
Vitamin B6
Ingredient Group | Vitamin B6 |
---|---|
Category | vitamin |
- Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
Folate
Ingredient Group | Folate |
---|---|
Category | vitamin |
- Folic Acid
Calcium
Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.
See More Information Regarding CalciumIngredient Group | Calcium |
---|---|
Category | mineral |
Protein Hydrolysate Matrix
Ingredient Group | Blend (Amino Acid/Protein) |
---|---|
Category | blend |
- BCAA Peptide (21%)
- EAA's (44%)
- Glutamine Peptides (22%)
-
Casein Protein hydrolysate
Ingredient Group Casein Peptides Category protein
Whey Protein Isolate
Description:Whey protein is a type of protein derived from cow's milk. Specifically, whey comes from the cheesemaking process. Enzymes are added to milk, which separates the milk into cheese curds and liquid whey. Whey is a complete protein, meaning that it contains all nine essential amino acids that the body needs but cannot produce on its own. Whey protein is often used as a supplement to help build and repair muscle tissue, and it is popular among athletes and bodybuilders. There are three main types of whey protein: concentrate, isolate, and hydrolysate. The concentrate contains a higher amount of lactose (milk sugar) and fat, while isolate is a purer form of protein that contains less lactose and fat. Hydrolysate is a predigested form of whey protein that is easier for the body to absorb. Whey protein is often consumed in the form of powders, shakes, and bars, and it can be mixed with water, milk, or other beverages. Drug interactions with whey protein typically result due to the calcium content of whey, which can decrease absorption of some drugs, including many classes of antibiotics.
See More Information Regarding Whey Protein
Ingredient Group Whey Protein Category protein
Whey Protein hydrolysate
Description:Whey protein is a type of protein derived from cow's milk. Specifically, whey comes from the cheesemaking process. Enzymes are added to milk, which separates the milk into cheese curds and liquid whey. Whey is a complete protein, meaning that it contains all nine essential amino acids that the body needs but cannot produce on its own. Whey protein is often used as a supplement to help build and repair muscle tissue, and it is popular among athletes and bodybuilders. There are three main types of whey protein: concentrate, isolate, and hydrolysate. The concentrate contains a higher amount of lactose (milk sugar) and fat, while isolate is a purer form of protein that contains less lactose and fat. Hydrolysate is a predigested form of whey protein that is easier for the body to absorb. Whey protein is often consumed in the form of powders, shakes, and bars, and it can be mixed with water, milk, or other beverages. Drug interactions with whey protein typically result due to the calcium content of whey, which can decrease absorption of some drugs, including many classes of antibiotics.
See More Information Regarding Whey Protein
Ingredient Group Whey Protein Category protein
Proprietary Branched Chain Ethyl Ester Amino Acid Matrix
Ingredient Group | Proprietary Blend (Amino Acid/Protein) |
---|---|
Category | blend |
-
L-Leucine
Ingredient Group Leucine Category amino acid
L-Isoleucine
Ingredient Group Isoleucine Category amino acid
L-Leucine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride
Ingredient Group Leucine Category amino acid
L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine
Description:L-glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, produced primarily in skeletal muscle and then released into circulation. It serves vital roles in various tissues, including the immune system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and liver, where it supports essential functions such as maintaining intestinal integrity, immune response, and amino acid balance. Although traditionally classified as a non-essential amino acid, during periods of severe stress, glutamine becomes conditionally essential due to the body's increased demand. It acts as a critical nitrogen and carbon transporter between organs, and while the intestinal mucosa can synthesize glutamine, this production is insufficient during times of significant physiological stress. Dietary supplements generally contain L-glutamine as it is the biologically active form of the amino acid.
See More Information Regarding Glutamine
Ingredient Group L-Alanyl-Glutamine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
L-2-aminopentanoic Acid
Ingredient Group Norvaline Category amino acid
L-Valine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride
Ingredient Group Valine Category amino acid
L-Isoleucine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride
Ingredient Group Isoleucine Category amino acid
L-Arginine Ethyl Ester Dihydrochloride
Ingredient Group Arginine Category amino acid
L-Arginine
Ingredient Group Arginine Category amino acid
L-Valine
Ingredient Group Valine Category amino acid
Proprietary Muscle Volumizing, NO2, Insulinotrophic Matrix
Ingredient Group | Proprietary Blend (non-nutrient/non-botanical) |
---|---|
Category | blend |
-
Creatine Gluconate
Description:Creatine is an organic amine that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods, such as meat and fish. It is stored mostly in the skeletal muscles, where it is used to generate energy during physical activity. Creatine is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement, and some evidence suggests it is effective at improving exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity activities such as weightlifting and sprinting. However, the degree to which creatine supplements may improve exercise performance can vary depending on the individual and the type of physical activity being performed Creatine is generally well-tolerated but may cause some minor side effects, such as cramping and water retention in some individuals. Long-term use has been rarely linked to kidney problems, but its use is generally regarded as safe. There are several different forms of creatine available, with the most common form being monohydrate salt. Other salt forms, including di-creatine citrate and 'pH buffered' creatine, are also available.
See More Information Regarding Creatine
Ingredient Group Creatine gluconate Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Creatine Monohydrate
Description:Creatine is an organic amine that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods, such as meat and fish. It is stored mostly in the skeletal muscles, where it is used to generate energy during physical activity. Creatine is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement, and some evidence suggests it is effective at improving exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity activities such as weightlifting and sprinting. However, the degree to which creatine supplements may improve exercise performance can vary depending on the individual and the type of physical activity being performed Creatine is generally well-tolerated but may cause some minor side effects, such as cramping and water retention in some individuals. Long-term use has been rarely linked to kidney problems, but its use is generally regarded as safe. There are several different forms of creatine available, with the most common form being monohydrate salt. Other salt forms, including di-creatine citrate and 'pH buffered' creatine, are also available.
See More Information Regarding Creatine
Ingredient Group Creatine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Bis Picolinato Oxo Vanadium
Description:Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a soft, silvery-grey metal that is found in small amounts in various minerals and rocks. Vanadium is used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of steel and as a chemical catalyst. Vanadium is an essential trace mineral that is required by the body in small amounts for proper growth and development. The human body does not naturally produce it. It is involved in several important biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and the synthesis of proteins and DNA. Vanadium supplements are sometimes marketed as a way to improve athletic performance, lower cholesterol levels, and manage diabetes. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of vanadium supplements for these purposes and high levels of vanadium can be toxic. It must be used cautiously.
See More Information Regarding Vanadium
Ingredient Group Vanadium picolinate Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
MTB Pump
Description:Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the body. It plays a role in many important physiological processes, including the contraction and relaxation of muscles, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the regulation of blood pressure. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, and grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. There are several different forms of magnesium that are available as supplements, all of which can be used to prevent deficiency. Additionally, magnesium is purported to have several different health benefits, such as improving sleep, reducing muscle cramps, reducing anxiety, and preventing or treating migraines. Although magnesium is essential for health, magnesium-containing foods and supplements can interact with some prescription medications if used at the same time.
See More Information Regarding Magnesium
Ingredient Group Magnesium tanshinoate B Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Gamma-Butyrobetaine HCl
Ingredient Group Gamma butyrobetaine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
COP
Ingredient Group Creatinol-O-Phosphate Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Creatine Taurinate
Description:Creatine is an organic amine that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods, such as meat and fish. It is stored mostly in the skeletal muscles, where it is used to generate energy during physical activity. Creatine is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement, and some evidence suggests it is effective at improving exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity activities such as weightlifting and sprinting. However, the degree to which creatine supplements may improve exercise performance can vary depending on the individual and the type of physical activity being performed Creatine is generally well-tolerated but may cause some minor side effects, such as cramping and water retention in some individuals. Long-term use has been rarely linked to kidney problems, but its use is generally regarded as safe. There are several different forms of creatine available, with the most common form being monohydrate salt. Other salt forms, including di-creatine citrate and 'pH buffered' creatine, are also available.
See More Information Regarding Creatine
Ingredient Group Creatine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
L-Citrulline Malate
Ingredient Group Citrulline malate Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Di-L-Arginine-L-Malate
Ingredient Group Arginine Category amino acid
Di-Na Creatine Phosphate Tetrahydrate
Description:Creatine is an organic amine that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods, such as meat and fish. It is stored mostly in the skeletal muscles, where it is used to generate energy during physical activity. Creatine is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement, and some evidence suggests it is effective at improving exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity activities such as weightlifting and sprinting. However, the degree to which creatine supplements may improve exercise performance can vary depending on the individual and the type of physical activity being performed Creatine is generally well-tolerated but may cause some minor side effects, such as cramping and water retention in some individuals. Long-term use has been rarely linked to kidney problems, but its use is generally regarded as safe. There are several different forms of creatine available, with the most common form being monohydrate salt. Other salt forms, including di-creatine citrate and 'pH buffered' creatine, are also available.
See More Information Regarding Creatine
Ingredient Group Creatine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Gamma-Butyrobetaine Ethyl Ester Chloride
Ingredient Group Gamma butyrobetaine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Power, Speed, Strength and Endurance Matrix
Ingredient Group | Blend (Combination) |
---|---|
Category | blend |
-
Beta-Alanine
Ingredient Group Beta-Alanine Category amino acid
Monosodium Phosphate Anhydrous
Ingredient Group Sodium Phosphate Category other
L-Histidine
Ingredient Group Histidine Category amino acid
Guanidinopropionic Acid
Ingredient Group Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA ) Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Creatine Magnesium Chelate
Description:Creatine is an organic amine that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods, such as meat and fish. It is stored mostly in the skeletal muscles, where it is used to generate energy during physical activity. Creatine is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement, and some evidence suggests it is effective at improving exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity activities such as weightlifting and sprinting. However, the degree to which creatine supplements may improve exercise performance can vary depending on the individual and the type of physical activity being performed Creatine is generally well-tolerated but may cause some minor side effects, such as cramping and water retention in some individuals. Long-term use has been rarely linked to kidney problems, but its use is generally regarded as safe. There are several different forms of creatine available, with the most common form being monohydrate salt. Other salt forms, including di-creatine citrate and 'pH buffered' creatine, are also available.
See More Information Regarding Creatine
Ingredient Group Magnesium Creatine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Trisodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate
Ingredient Group Potassium Category mineral
KIC
Ingredient Group Leucic acid Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Beta-Alanine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride
Ingredient Group Beta-Alanine Category amino acid
Redline Energy & Meltdown Fat Burning Technology
Ingredient Group | Blend (Combination) |
---|---|
Category | blend |
-
Caffeine Anhydrous
Ingredient Group Caffeine Category non-nutrient/non-botanical
Barley
Description:Barley, a widely used grain renowned for its high fiber content, serves both as a staple food and an ingredient in brewing various types of alcoholic beverages. Research suggests that barley's dietary fiber may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Studies indicate that daily consumption of 3-12 grams of barley can help lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in adults with hypercholesterolemia. A key component of barley is beta-glucans, a soluble fiber known for its health benefits. Barley also contains tocopherols and tocotrienols, forms of vitamin E with antioxidant properties that further enhance its nutritional value. Moreover, barley contains hordenine and lunasin, compounds under study for their potential health-promoting effects.
See More Information Regarding Barley
Ingredient Group Barley Category botanical Forms- Hordenine HCl
L-Tyrosine
Description:L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid produced within the body through the conversion of the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. It is often used as a dietary supplement to support cognitive function, enhance focus, and mitigate stress by serving as a precursor for neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.
See More Information Regarding Tyrosine
Ingredient Group Tyrosine Category amino acid
Drugs that interact with ShotGun 5X Wild Grape by VPX
Below is a list of drug interactions for each ingredient in this supplement product. Please note that a supplement product may contain more than one ingredient that has interactions.
Label Information
Supplement Facts:
Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s): | Adults and children 4 or more years of age |
---|---|
Minimum serving Sizes: |
20.5 Gram(s)
|
Maximum serving Sizes: |
20.5 Gram(s)
|
Servings per container | 28 |
UPC/BARCODE | 610764860927 |
Ingredient | Amount per Serving | Group | % DV, Adults & children 4+ years |
---|---|---|---|
Calories |
56 {Calories}
|
Header |
|
Sodium |
33 mg
|
Sodium |
1%
|
Protein |
14 Gram(s)
|
Protein (unspecified) |
28%
|
Vitamin B6 |
100 mcg
|
Vitamin B6 |
5%
|
Folate |
40 mcg
|
Folate |
10%
|
Calcium |
11 mg
|
Calcium |
1%
|
Protein Hydrolysate Matrix |
3.5 Gram(s)
|
Blend (Amino Acid/Protein) |
|
Casein Protein hydrolysate |
0 NP
|
Casein Peptides |
|
Whey Protein Isolate |
0 NP
|
Whey Protein |
|
Whey Protein hydrolysate |
0 NP
|
Whey Protein |
|
Proprietary Branched Chain Ethyl Ester Amino Acid Matrix |
6.16 Gram(s)
|
Proprietary Blend (Amino Acid/Protein) |
--
|
L-Leucine |
0 NP
|
Leucine |
|
L-Isoleucine |
0 NP
|
Isoleucine |
|
L-Leucine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride |
0 NP
|
Leucine |
|
L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine |
0 NP
|
L-Alanyl-Glutamine |
|
L-2-aminopentanoic Acid |
0 NP
|
Norvaline |
|
L-Valine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride |
0 NP
|
Valine |
|
L-Isoleucine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride |
0 NP
|
Isoleucine |
|
L-Arginine Ethyl Ester Dihydrochloride |
0 NP
|
Arginine |
|
L-Arginine |
0 NP
|
Arginine |
|
L-Valine |
0 NP
|
Valine |
|
Proprietary Muscle Volumizing, NO2, Insulinotrophic Matrix |
4.88 Gram(s)
|
Proprietary Blend (non-nutrient/non-botanical) |
--
|
Creatine Gluconate |
0 NP
|
Creatine gluconate |
|
Creatine Monohydrate |
0 NP
|
Creatine |
|
Bis Picolinato Oxo Vanadium |
0 NP
|
Vanadium picolinate |
|
MTB Pump |
0 NP
|
Magnesium tanshinoate B |
|
Gamma-Butyrobetaine HCl |
0 NP
|
Gamma butyrobetaine |
|
COP |
0 NP
|
Creatinol-O-Phosphate |
|
Creatine Taurinate |
0 NP
|
Creatine |
|
L-Citrulline Malate |
0 NP
|
Citrulline malate |
|
Di-L-Arginine-L-Malate |
0 NP
|
Arginine |
|
Di-Na Creatine Phosphate Tetrahydrate |
0 NP
|
Creatine |
|
Gamma-Butyrobetaine Ethyl Ester Chloride |
0 NP
|
Gamma butyrobetaine |
|
Power, Speed, Strength and Endurance Matrix |
3.17 Gram(s)
|
Blend (Combination) |
--
|
Beta-Alanine |
0 NP
|
Beta-Alanine |
|
Monosodium Phosphate Anhydrous |
0 NP
|
Sodium Phosphate |
|
L-Histidine |
0 NP
|
Histidine |
|
Guanidinopropionic Acid |
0 NP
|
Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA ) |
|
Creatine Magnesium Chelate |
0 NP
|
Magnesium Creatine |
|
Trisodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate |
0 NP
|
Potassium |
|
KIC |
0 NP
|
Leucic acid |
|
Beta-Alanine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride |
0 NP
|
Beta-Alanine |
|
Redline Energy & Meltdown Fat Burning Technology |
240 mg
|
Blend (Combination) |
--
|
Caffeine Anhydrous |
0 NP
|
Caffeine |
|
Barley |
0 NP
|
Barley |
|
L-Tyrosine |
0 NP
|
Tyrosine |
|
Other Ingredients: |
Natural & Artificial flavors
Malic Acid
Sucralean brand Sucralose
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Glycine
|
---|
Label Statments:
Brand IP Statement(s) |
- One serving of Shotgun 5X provides caffeine equivalent to less than two cups of coffee.
- UNLIMITED GROWTH POTENTIAL
University proven to Alter Muscle at the Genetic Level. SHOTGUN 5X Activates Satellite Cell Proliferation to Promote the Birth of New Muscle. SHOTGUN 5X generated the most ground-breaking University research in the history of Muscle Science.
- LIVE POWERFULLY
- IGNITE MUSCLE GENES 5X
- 2014 Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All Rights Reserved
|
---|---|
General Statements |
- This product is intended for use by healthy individuals only.
- {Bar graph}
SHOTGUN 5X UNIVERSITY PROVEN TO INCREASE MUSCLE DNA BY 1800%
SHOTGUN 5X - 1,800%
Placebo
- {Bar graph}
INCREASES IN MUSCLE GENE PROTEINS WITH SHOTGUN 5X
Muscle Myo-D Increases 515.00%
Muclse MRF-4 Increases 400.40%
Muscle Myf5 Increases 179.60%
Muscle Myogenin Increases 152.80%
Myfibrillar Protein Increases 167.20%
- ORIGINAL SHOTGUN PREWORKOUT
- BACKED BY 3 UNIVERSITY STUDIES
- NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS
- Made in USA from Domestic & Imported Ingredients in VPX State of the Art Facilities
- Not a significant source of fat, calories from fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and potassium.
- Calories per gram:
Fat 9 - Carbohydrate 4 - Protein 4
- * When combined with resistance exercise and a sensible diet.
- Use only as a dietary supplement. Do not use for weight reduction.
- V001
- This product is for use by healthy individuals only.
|
Precautions |
- WARNING: Do not use this product if you are pregnant or nursing or have a medical condition.
- Not recommended for use by individual under 18 years of age.
- This product contains caffeine and should not be used with any other caffeine and/or stimulant containing products. Too much caffeine may cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, and occasionally, rapid heartbeat.
- KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
- Muscle energetic compounds within Shotgun 5X may cause a tingling sensation in lips and skin.
- CONTAINS: Milk. ALLERGEN WARNING: Manufactured in a facility that processes milk, eggs, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat and soy.
- WARNING: Too much caffeine may cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, and occasionally, rapid heartbeat.
- Not recommended for use by children under 18 years of age.
- Do not purchase if safety seal is broken or missing.
|
Formula |
- This product contains caffeine and should not be used with any other caffeine and/or stimulant containing products.
- CONTAINS: Milk.
- One serving of SHOTGUN 5X provides caffeine equivalent to less than two cups of coffee.
|
Formulation |
- Contains no Niacin.
- CONTAINS NO FRUIT JUICE
|
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions |
- Drink an additional one half (1/2) ounce of water for each pound of body weight.
- RECOMMENDED USE: Do not use SHOTGUN 5X with REDLINE or any other products containing caffeine or other stimulants. Mix one scoop of SHOTGUN 5X with 8 to 10 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. Drink SHOTGUN 5X prior to any type of athletic event or resistance training. For enhanced results consume FAST 5 during and NO-SYNTHESIZE after training. Unlike other Supplements which may require several scoops, SHOTGUN 5X is extremely powerful and requires only one scoop. The SHOTGUN 5X, FAST 5 and NO-SYNTHESIZE supplement strategy represents the most advanced and latest muscle growth and athletic performance research.
|
Seals/Symbols |
- SUCRALEAN
ZERO CALORIE SWEETENER
- PeptoPro
- COP
Creatinol-O-Phosphate
Patent No. 8,372,821
- VITAL PHARMACEUTICALS
GMP
- GLUTEN FREE
GF
- {NON} GMO
|
FDA Statement of Identity |
- DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
|
Storage |
- Store container between 15(0)C to 25(0)C (59(0)F to 77(0)F).
|
FDA Disclaimer Statement |
- These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
|
Brand Information
See all products by this brand
Other | |
---|---|
Web Address | VPXSPORTS.COM |
TO REPORT A SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENT OR OBTAIN PRODUCT INFORMATION, CONTACT | |
Name | VITAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC |
Street Address | 1600 North Park Dr. |
City | Weston |
State | FL |
Country | USA |
ZipCode | 33326 |
Phone Number | (954) 641-0570 |
Manufacturer | |
Name | Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
Return to the main supplement interaction checker page
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC and the Dietary Supplement Label Database.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Drug descriptions are provided by MedlinePlus.