Abdominal Lean Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Abdominal Lean against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Abdominal Lean is a dietary supplement by Cardiovascular Research with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for blood sugar support in type 2 diabetes, weight loss and appetite control, insulin sensitivity.Based on those ingredients, 1,168 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Gymnema sylvestre, Garcinia cambogia extract, Vanadium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Abdominal Lean contains 7 active ingredients. Chromium helps your body use blood sugar and is rated likely effective for chromium deficiency and possibly effective for type 2 diabetes.
L-carnitine is an amino acid derivative that's effective for L-carnitine deficiency and possibly effective for heart conditions like congestive heart failure and angina. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, though evidence for its use in digestive support isn't established in our data.
Chitosan is a fiber from shellfish that's possibly effective for weight management. Garcinia cambogia extract contains hydroxycitric acid, though evidence for weight loss and other uses is not established.
Gymnema sylvestre is an herb, though evidence for blood sugar control is not established in our data. Vanadium is a mineral rated likely effective for vanadium deficiency.
The product also contains inactive ingredients—gelatin and magnesium stearate—as capsule material and binder.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Chromium is likely effective for treating chromium deficiency and possibly effective for type 2 diabetes, though it didn't show reliable benefit in prediabetes.
L-carnitine is effective for L-carnitine deficiency and possibly effective for heart conditions. Vanadium is likely effective for vanadium deficiency.
For the others—Lipase, Chitosan, Garcinia, and Gymnema—the evidence in our data is either insufficient or not established. None of these four has strong evidence supporting their use for obesity, blood sugar control, or digestive support.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most of these ingredients are generally well tolerated at typical doses, but there are important cautions. Chromium can cause gastrointestinal upset, headaches, insomnia, and mood changes; rare cases of kidney or liver damage have been reported.
L-carnitine commonly causes abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and a fish-like body odor. Chitosan may cause constipation, diarrhea, or nausea.
Garcinia has rare reports of liver injury, and a case of mania has been linked to its use. Gymnema carries a rare report of drug-induced hepatitis.
Vanadium at high doses can cause gastrointestinal upset and, long-term, kidney damage. Lipase is generally well tolerated but has limited safety data.
For pregnancy and breastfeeding: the product facts advise against chromium supplementation in pregnancy and breastfeeding beyond diet. Chitosan, Garcinia, and Gymnema should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient data.
L-carnitine and Vanadium have no pregnancy/breastfeeding data on file—discuss with your doctor. Lipase safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding hasn't been well studied.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Abdominal Lean, double-check your medications against these types: serotonergic drugs like antidepressants (Major risk of serotonin syndrome from Garcinia); antidiabetes drugs and insulin (Moderate risk of low blood sugar from Chromium, Garcinia, Gymnema, and Vanadium); levothyroxine/thyroid hormone (Moderate risk of reduced effectiveness); blood thinners including warfarin and acenocoumarol (Moderate risk of bleeding from L-carnitine, Chitosan, Garcinia, and Vanadium); and drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP450 enzymes (Gymnema may raise or lower their levels). If you're on any of these, bring this product with you when you talk to your pharmacist.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Abdominal Lean is best suited for people without diabetes, thyroid conditions, or bleeding disorders who aren't on blood thinners or serotonergic antidepressants. If you take any prescription medications—especially for blood sugar, thyroid, blood thinning, or mood—you need to check this product against your specific drugs before starting.
Talk to your pharmacist or doctor first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Abdominal Lean, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Cardiovascular Research |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 25, 2013 |
| DSLD ID | 22346 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 200 mcg | 167% |
| Lipase | 5 mg | -- |
| L-Carnitine | 200 mg | -- |
| Chitosan | 500 mg | -- |
| Garcinia cambogia extract | 500 mg | -- |
| Gymnema sylvestre | 100 mg | -- |
| Vanadium | 200 mcg | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
ABDOMINAL LEAN is a scientifically-designed nutritional supplement containing a unique blend of herbs and enzymes in conjunction with the essential nutrient L-Carnitine.
11010473 EXP0114
Formulation
Free of corn, soy, yeast, wheat, sugar, starch, coloring agents or artificial flavoring.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
DIRECTIONS Take one or two capsules before meals or as directed by a physician.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This product has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, cure, treat or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
ECOLOGICAL FORMULAS
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Chromium
Interacts with178 drugs
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control i...
Chromium monograph & interactionsLipase
No knowninteractions
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy fo...
Lipase monograph & interactionsL-Carnitine
Interacts with19 drugs
L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...
L-Carnitine monograph & interactionsChitosan
Interacts with3 drugs
Chitosan is a fiber-like substance made from the shells of shrimp, crabs, and other shellfish, often marketed for weight loss and cholesterol. The evi...
Chitosan monograph & interactionsGarcinia cambogia extract
Interacts with704 drugs
Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific eviden...
Garcinia cambogia extract monograph & interactionsGymnema sylvestre
Interacts with851 drugs
Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb best known for possibly helping lower blood sugar and reducing the taste of sweetness on the tongue. Some early human stu...
Gymnema sylvestre monograph & interactionsVanadium
Interacts with208 drugs
Vanadium is a trace mineral found in tiny amounts in food, and people get plenty from a normal diet. Supplement claims for diabetes, weight, and athle...
Vanadium monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research contains several ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is with Garcinia cambogia extract and serotonergic drugs (antidepressants, certain pain medications)—combining them carries a Major risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition marked by agitation, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and muscle rigidity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Chromium interacts with antidiabetes drugs, insulin, and levothyroxine (thyroid replacement). It may increase the blood sugar-lowering effect of diabetes medications or insulin, raising the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and can reduce levothyroxine absorption by about 17%, potentially weakening thyroid control.
L-carnitine, Chitosan, and Vanadium all interact with blood thinners (warfarin and acenocoumarol), increasing bleeding risk. Gymnema sylvestre affects how your liver metabolizes many drugs—it can raise or lower levels of medications processed by CYP450 enzymes—and also theoretically increases the blood sugar-lowering effect of diabetes drugs.
Garcinia additionally interacts with other blood thinners and diabetes medications, and carries rare reports of liver injury.
Lipase was not checked for interactions—we hold no data on it. Altogether, these interactions span 1,148 individual medications.
Before you start Abdominal Lean, run your exact medications through the interaction checker on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Abdominal Lean?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Abdominal Lean interact with 1,168 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 7 ingredients in Abdominal Lean interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Gymnema sylvestre Garcinia cambogia extract Vanadium Chromium L-Carnitine Chitosan
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abciximab interactionVanadiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Abciximab interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abiraterone interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abrocitinib interactionVanadiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Abrocitinib interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acarbose interactionChromiumAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Chromium + Acarbose interactionVanadiumAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Acarbose interactionGymnema SylvestreAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gymnema with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionVanadiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Acenocoumarol interactionL-carnitineAcenocoumarol (sintrom) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
Read the full L-carnitine + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionVanadiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionChromiumAspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Read the full Chromium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVanadiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Vanadium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionChromiumAspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Read the full Chromium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Garcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Abdominal Lean — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gymnema SylvestreCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema Sylvestre + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Abdominal Lean with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Gymnema sylvestre
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking gymnema with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Gymnema reduces blood glucose levels in some human and animal research. In human studies, it has been shown to enhance the blood glucose lowering effects of hypoglycemic drugs. However, other research in adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome suggests that gymnema does not reduce fasting levels of blood glucose. Until more is known, monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Animal and in vitro research shows that gymnema can inhibit the CYP1A2 enzyme. In one animal study, oral administration of gymnema for 7 days increased the plasma concentrations of phenacetin, a CYP1A2 substrate, by about 1.4-fold and reduced the clearance of phenacetin by about 29%.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, gymnema might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Animal research shows that gymnema can induce the CYP2C9 enzyme. In one animal study, gymnema caused a 2.4-fold increase in the clearance of tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate, in rats. In vitro research also shows that gymnema can inhibit CYP2C9.
Phenacetin
Theoretically, taking gymnema with phenacetin might increase the levels of phenacetin.
Animal research shows that gymnema, administered orally for 7 days, decreases the clearance of phenacetin in a dose-dependent manner by about 21% to 29% and increases plasma levels about 1.3- to 1.4-fold when compared to control.
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Theoretically, taking gymnema with tolbutamide might the decrease levels of tolbutamide.
Animal research shows that gymnema, administered orally for 7 days, increases the clearance of tolbutamide by 2.4-fold when compared to control.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
One in vitro study using rat liver microsomes shows that gymnema can modestly inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme. However, other in vitro research using human liver microsomes shows that gymnema does not affect CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that gymnema does not alter the function of CYP3A4. In one study in rats, oral administration of gymnema for 7 days did not alter the clearance of amlodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate.
Garcinia cambogia extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
HCA inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. The inhibitory effect seems to be greater in platelets extracted from diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
HCA reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models, theoretically by delaying glucose absorption. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
There have been reports of acute hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes associated with garcinia, when taken alone or in combination with other ingredients. Case reports collected from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network suggest this risk may be greater in people who carry the HLA B*35:01 allele.
Serotonergic Drugs
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
In one report, a patient experienced serotonin syndrome after taking garcinia extract (60% hydroxycitric acid) 1000 mg daily in combination with escitalopram 20 mg, which had been taken for a year. The patient was switched to sertraline 50 mg daily and again experienced serotonin syndrome.
Vanadium
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that the sodium orthovanadate form of vanadium prolongs clotting time, likely through inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
A few very small clinical studies in patients with type 2 diabetes show that the vanadyl sulfate form of vanadium increases insulin sensitivity and might lower blood glucose levels.
Chromium
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research shows that taking chromium might lower blood glucose levels, especially in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Insulin
Theoretically, concomitant use of chromium and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In clinical research, chromium has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity,
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Chromium might bind levothyroxine in the intestinal tract and decrease levothyroxine absorption.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking chromium picolinate 1000 mcg with levothyroxine 1 mg decreases serum levels of levothyroxine by 17% when compared to taking levothyroxine alone. Advise patients to take levothyroxine at least 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after taking chromium.
Aspirin
Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Animal research suggests that aspirin may increase chromium absorption and chromium levels in the blood.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)
NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Drugs that are prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, seem to increase chromium absorption and retention.
L-Carnitine
Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.
Chitosan
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Chitosan can reduce the absorption of acyclovir, potentially increasing the risk for treatment failure.
Clinical research in humans shows that taking chitosan along with acyclovir 200 mg reduces acyclovir absorption. Concomitant administration of chitosan 400 mg or 1000 mg reduced the acyclovir area under the curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration by about 30% and 40%, respectively, compared with control. Concomitant administration with chitosan 1000 mg also increased time to peak concentration from 1 hour to 2 hours. In vitro research suggests that the mechanism for reduced absorption is due to acyclovir entrapment in chitosan-mucus complexes, which reduces intestinal absorption.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, chitosan might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In a case report, a patient taking warfarin had a significantly increased international normalized ratio (INR) after starting chitosan 1200 mg daily. The INR normalized after chitosan was discontinued and vitamin K was administered. The patient once again started taking chitosan and again had a significant increase in INR. The INR stabilized again once chitosan was discontinued. Researchers theorize that this interaction might occur because chitosan decreases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin K, which could increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Abdominal Lean, from the product label.
Cardiovascular Research
See all Cardiovascular Research products- Name
- CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, LTD.
- Street Address
- 1061-B SHARY CIRCLE
- City
- CONCORD
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 94518
Abdominal Lean by Cardiovascular Research: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Abdominal Lean’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Chromium
Interacts with 178 drugsChromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control in certain people with type 2 diabetes, b...
Read the full Chromium monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-carnitine
Interacts with 19 drugsL-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...
Read the full L-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monographChitosan
Interacts with 3 drugsChitosan is a fiber-like substance made from the shells of shrimp, crabs, and other shellfish, often marketed for weight loss and cholesterol. The evidence for these benefits is weak, and an...
Read the full Chitosan monograph → Herb & supplement monographGarcinia
Interacts with 704 drugsGarcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific evidence is weak and mixed, with most studies...
Read the full Garcinia monograph → Herb & supplement monographGymnema
Interacts with 851 drugsGymnema is an Ayurvedic herb best known for possibly helping lower blood sugar and reducing the taste of sweetness on the tongue. Some early human studies are encouraging for blood sugar sup...
Read the full Gymnema monograph → Herb & supplement monographVanadium
Interacts with 208 drugsVanadium is a trace mineral found in tiny amounts in food, and people get plenty from a normal diet. Supplement claims for diabetes, weight, and athletic performance are not well proven, and...
Read the full Vanadium monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Abdominal Lean's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 183 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Chromium 53 references
- Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, et al. Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:428-31. PubMed
- Urberg M, Zemel MB. Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in the control of glucose tolerance in elderly humans. Metabolism 1987;36:896-9. PubMed
- Mohamedshah FY, Moser-Veillon PB, Yamini S, et al. Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1250-5. PubMed
- Wasser WG, Feldman NS, D'Agati VD. Chronic renal failure after ingestion of over-the-counter chromium picolinate. [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:410. PubMed
- Mertz W. Interaction of chromium with insulin: a progress report. Nutr Rev 1998;56:174-7. PubMed
- Anderson RA. Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:548-55. PubMed
- McLeod MN, Gaynes BN, Golden RN. Chromium potentiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for dysthymic disorder in 5 patients. J Clin Psych 1999;60:237-40. PubMed
- Fowler JF Jr. Systemic contact dermatitis caused by oral chromium picolinate. Cutis 2000;65:116. DOI
- Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995;35:273-80.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Rabinovitz H, Friedensohn A, Leibovitz A, et al. Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2004;74:178-82. PubMed
- Lanca S, Alves A, Vieira AI, et al. Chromium-induced toxic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13:518-20. PubMed
- Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
- Davidson JR, Abraham K, Connor KM, McLeod MN. Effectiveness of chromium in atypical depression: a placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:261-4.. PubMed
- Food Standards Agency. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Available at: http://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/vitmin2003.pdf.
- Mouser JF, Hak EB, Helms RA, et al. Chromium and zinc concentrations in pediatric patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1950-6. PubMed
- Stevens T, Qadri A, Zein NN. Two patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:477-8. PubMed
- Wani S, Weskamp C, Marple J, Spry L. Acute tubular necrosis associated with chromium picolinate-containing dietary supplement. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:563-6. PubMed
- Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG, et al. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006;29: PubMed
- Martin J, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, et al. Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1826-32. PubMed
- Singer GM, Geohas J. The effect of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006;8:636-43. PubMed
- John-Kalarickal J, Pearlman G, Carlson HE. New medications which decrease levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid 2007;17:763-5. PubMed
- Yazaki Y, Faridi Z, Ma Y, et al. A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:291-9. PubMed
- Davis ML, Seaborn CD, and Stoecker BJ. Effects of over-the-counter drugs on chromium retention and urinary excretion in rats. Nutrition Research 1995;15(2):201-210.
- Young P, Turiansky G, Bonner M, and et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by chromium picolinate. J.Am Acad.Dermatol. 1999;41(5 Pt 2):820-823. PubMed
- Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F., and Rooney, B. C. Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production. Am J Ind.Med 2000;38(2):115-126. DOI
- Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F., and Rooney, B. C. Clinical findings of irritation among chromium chemical production workers. Am J Ind.Med 2000;38(2):127-131. PubMed
- Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2004;79(4):529-536. PubMed
- Pei, D., Hsieh, C. H., Hung, Y. J., Li, J. C., Lee, C. H., and Kuo, S. W. The influence of chromium chloride-containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism 2 PubMed
- Hisatomi, K., Ishii, H., Hashiguchi, K., Seki, M., Ide, M., Sugiyama, K., Ishimoto, H., Nakayama, S., Mukae, H., and Kohno, S. Interstitial pneumonia caused by inhalation of fumes of nickel and chrome. Respirology. 2006;11(6):814-817. PubMed
- Kleefstra, N., Houweling, S. T., Bakker, S. J., Verhoeven, S., Gans, R. O., Meyboom-de Jong, B., and Bilo, H. J. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tri DOI
- Parsons, A., Ingram, J., Inglis, J., Aveyard, P., Johnstone, E., Brown, K., Franklin, M., and Bermudez, I. A proof of concept randomised placebo controlled factorial trial to examine the efficacy of St John's wort for smoking cessation and chromium to pr
- Bagdon RE and Hazen RE. Skin permeation and cutaneous hypersensitivity as a basis for making risk assessments of chromium as a soil contaminant. Environ.Health Perspect. 1991;92:111-119. PubMed
- Bharmal, S. V., Moyes, V., Ahmed, S., and Grossman, A. Hypoglycaemia: possible mediation by chromium salt medication. Hormones.(Athens.) 2010;9(2):181-183. PubMed
- Krol, E., Krejpcio, Z., Byks, H., Bogdanski, P., and Pupek-Musialik, D. Effects of chromium brewer's yeast supplementation on body mass, blood carbohydrates, and lipids and minerals in type 2 diabetic patients. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 2011;143(2):726-737.
- Unisa, S., Jagannath, P., Dhir, V., Khandelwal, C., Sarangi, L., and Roy, T. K. Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic basin of North India. HPB (Oxford) 2011;13(2):117-125. PubMed
- Noda, S., Asano, Y., and Sato, S. Lichen planus in a patient with long-term exposure to chrome. Eur.J.Dermatol. 2011;21(3):417-418. PubMed
- Xiang, J., Sun, Z., and Huan, J. N. Intensive chromic acid burns and acute chromium poisoning with acute renal failure. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 7-5-2011;124(13):2071-2073.
- Chhabra, D., Oda, K., Jagannath, P., Utsunomiya, H., Takekoshi, S., and Nimura, Y. Chronic heavy metal exposure and gallbladder cancer risk in India, a comparative study with Japan. Asian Pac.J.Cancer Prev. 2012;13(1):187-190. PubMed
- Huszonek, J. Over-the-counter chromium picolinate. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150(10):1560-1561. PubMed
- Bunner S and McGinnis R. Chromium-induced hypoglycemia. Psychosomatics 1998;39(3):298-299. PubMed
- Martin, W. R. and Fuller, R. E. Suspected chromium picolinate-induced rhabdomyolysis. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18(4):860-862. DOI
- Proctor, D. M., Fredrick, M. M., Scott, P. K., Paustenbach, D. J., and Finley, B. L. The prevalence of chromium allergy in the United States and its implications for setting soil cleanup: a cost-effectiveness case study. Regul.Toxicol Pharmacol 1998;28(1 PubMed
- De Marchi S, Cecchin E, De Marchi SU. Systemic allergic dermatitis resulting from oral administration of chromium with a food supplement. Contact Dermatitis 2014;70(2):123-5. PubMed
- Hedberg YS, Gumulka M, Lind ML, Matura M, Lidén C. Severe occupational chromium allergy despite cement legislation. Contact Dermatitis. 2014;70(5):321-3. PubMed
- Thyssen JP, Jellesen MS, Møller P, Menné T, Johansen JD. Allergic chromium dermatitis from wearing 'chromium-free' footwear. Contact Dermatitis 2014;70(3):185-7. PubMed
- Liu Y, Cotillard A, Vatier C, et al. A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One.
- Jamilian M, Asemi Z. Chromium Supplementation and the Effects on Metabolic Status in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;67(1):42-8. PubMed
- Guimarães MM, Carvalho AC, Silva MS. Effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients: Double blind, randomized clinical trial: Chromium, glucose homeostasis and anthropometry. J Trace Elem Med Bi PubMed
- Paiva AN, Lima JG, Medeiros AC, et al. Beneficial effects of oral chromium picolinate supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;32:66-72. PubMed
- Yin RV, Phung OJ. Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nutr J. 2015;14:14. PubMed
- Jamilian M, Zadeh Modarres S, Amiri Siavashani M, et al. The influences of chromium supplementation on glycemic control, markers of cardio-metabolic risk, and oxidative stress in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome women candidate for in vitro fertilizati
- Alinaghi F, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. No immediate effect of regulatory reduction of chromium in leather among adult patients with chromium allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2021;85(5):514-522. PubMed
Lipase 1 reference
- Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed
L-carnitine 41 references
- Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. J Child Neurol 1999;14:162-7. PubMed
- Anon. Carnitor (levocarnitine) package insert. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. December 1999.
- Cherchi A, Lai C, Angelino F, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985;23:569-72.
- Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35:16-23. PubMed
- Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
- Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
- Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
- Evans AM, Fornasini G. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42:941-67. PubMed
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