Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Amino Max Fruit Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Six Star Pro Nutrition

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Amino Max Fruit Punch is a dietary supplement by Six Star Pro Nutrition with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 355 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Taurine, Coconut Water. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 8 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Amino Max Fruit Punch is a powder with 8 ingredients. The active components include L-glutamine, sodium, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, taurine, L-valine, potassium, and coconut water—amino acids and minerals designed to support muscle recovery and hydration.

The inactive ingredients are natural and artificial flavor, citric acid, salt, malic acid, acesulfame-potassium, silicon dioxide, sucralose, and FD&C Red No. 40.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support protein synthesis and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery, Muscle recovery — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Postoperative recovery (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle damage.

The evidence for this product's effectiveness is limited to its individual ingredients. L-glutamine is effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness from trauma.

Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and congestive heart failure, though possibly ineffective for obesity. Sodium, potassium, and coconut water have insufficient evidence or no clear ratings for the conditions they're marketed to address.

The amino acids L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine have no effectiveness data on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Sodium Taurine Potassium Coconut

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but requires medical supervision in people with kidney or liver disease. Common side effects include belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, gastrointestinal pain, headache, and nausea.

High doses (10–30 grams daily) used in clinical trials for sickle cell disease have caused nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Taurine is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is less certain; common effects are constipation, diarrhea, and indigestion.

Sodium is fine in normal dietary amounts but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. Potassium from food is safe, but supplements carry a risk of dangerously high blood levels, especially in kidney disease.

Coconut is generally well tolerated but can trigger allergic reactions ranging from hives to anaphylaxis in sensitive people. L-glutamine, taurine, sodium, potassium, and coconut are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, though taurine and potassium supplements should be used only under medical guidance during these periods.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Sodium Taurine Potassium Coconut

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Potassium, Glutamine, Taurine, Coconut, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: seizure medications; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 355 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check any antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), anticonvulsants (seizure medications), lithium, corticosteroids, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, sodium-containing drugs, and antidiabetes drugs. Use the medication checker on this page to verify your exact prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is an amino acid and mineral powder aimed at muscle recovery and hydration. If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, seizure medications, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or diabetes drugs, check your specific medications with the search tool below before use.

Talk to your pharmacist, especially if you have kidney disease, heart disease, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Amino Max Fruit Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand Six Star Pro Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 631656606232
Net contents 8.62 oz.; 244 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2016
DSLD ID 62848
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
16 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
631656606232
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
L-Glutamine1000 mg--
Sugar0 Gram(s)--
Sodium100 mg4%
L-Leucine2000 mg--
L-Isoleucine1000 mg--
Taurine1000 mg--
L-Valine1000 mg--
Potassium25 mg1%
Coconut Water100 mg--

Other ingredients: Natural and Artificial flavor, Citric Acid, Salt, Malic Acid, Acesulfame-Potassium, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, FD&C Red No. 40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

cGMP MANUFACTURED

MADE IN THE USA FROM INTERNATIONAL INGREDIENTS

General Statements

Manufactured according to cGMP standards, as is required for all dietary supplements.

~ Helps reduce muscle breakdown

~ Amazing taste

INTRA-WORKOUT

NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR

Enhances Endurance Performance with First Dose

FROM AMERICA'S #1 SELLING BODY BUILDING SUPPLEMENT BRAND

20 YEARS of EXCELLENCE

LEADER IN SCIENCE A PORTION OF EVERY DOLLAR TO MORE RESEARCH

30 servings

Made in the U.S.A. from international ingredients.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Why Six Star Amino Max Is the Smartest Choice Six Star Amino Max is from the makers of MuscleTech, America’s #1 Selling Body Building Supplement Brand, so you know it’s a premium formula you can trust.

Trust Six Star Amino Max for the best formula, best taste and best results!

From the makers of Muscletech Research & Development

MuscleTech is America's #1 Selling Body Building Supplement Brand based on cumulative wholesale dollar sales 2001 to present.

2015.

Formula

Six Star Amino Max delivers the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) your body needs to support protein synthesis and help reduce the amount of protein breakdown that occurs during training. It also provides added coconut water and electrolytes.

Who Is Six Star Amino Max For? Active Men & Women ~ Body Builders ~ Athletes ~ Strength Trainers ~ Fitness Enthusiasts ~ Endurance Athletes

What Are the Benefits of Six Star Amino Max? ~ Supplies 8g of BCAAs in the optimal 2:1:1 ratio per 2 scoops ~ Provides the BCAAs leucine, isoleucine & valine – essential amino acids your body can’t produce on its own ~ Supplies taurine, which is clinically shown to improve performance in endurance atheletes ~ Added coconut water and electrolytes

~ Contains the conditionally essential amino acid L-glutamine ~ Loaded with leucine to activate the mTOR muscle building pathway

8g BCAAs – 2:1:1 Ratio

Added Coconut Water & Electrolytes

4 GRAMS LEUCINE per 2 scoops

2 GRAMS TAURINE per 2 scoops

Contains coconut and soy ingredients.

Formulation

~ Zero sugar, zero aspartame

GUARANTEED BANNED SUBSTANCE FREE

0 GRAMS SUGAR

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Precautions

Contains coconut and soy ingredients. Processed in a facility that also processes milk, egg, wheat, peanut, tree nut, fish and shellfish ingredients.

WARNING: Not intended for use by persons under 18.

Do not use if pregnant or nursing.

Consult a medical doctor before starting any diet or exercise program.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Do not use if packaging has been tampered with.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: Mix 1 to 2 scoops in 8 to 16 oz. of water. Read the entire label before use and follow directions provided.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place (60(0)F to 80(0)F).

General

11293US 0815

See for yourself

Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Glutamine

Interacts with
50 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...

L-Glutamine monograph & interactions

Sugar

0 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
100 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

L-Leucine

2000 mg per serving

L-Isoleucine

1000 mg per serving

Taurine

Interacts with
173 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...

Taurine monograph & interactions

L-Valine

1000 mg per serving

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
25 mg per serving Form: Potassium Chloride

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Coconut Water

Interacts with
86 drugs
100 mg per serving

Coconut is a nutritious tropical food enjoyed as oil, water, milk, and flesh, and it is generally safe to eat in normal food amounts. While some uses...

Coconut Water monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural and Artificial flavor, Citric Acid, Salt, Malic Acid, Acesulfame-Potassium, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, FD&C Red No. 40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Amino Max Fruit Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
355Drugs
269 Moderate 86 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Taurine 173

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Amino Max Fruit Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Coconut Water1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking coconut with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that coconut milk might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Amino Max Fruit Punch, from the product label.

Six Star Pro Nutrition

See all Six Star Pro Nutrition products
Name
Iovate Health Sciences U.S.A. Inc.
Street Address
1105 N. Market St., Ste 1330
City
Wilmington
State
DE
ZipCode
19801
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Amino Max Fruit Punch by Six Star Pro Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Amino Max Fruit Punch has a known interaction with 355 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Amino Max Fruit Punch contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What are the amino acids in this product for?
Amino Max contains L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine—branched-chain and non-branched amino acids intended to support muscle recovery and protein synthesis after exercise or in recovery from illness.
Is this safe if I have kidney disease?
L-glutamine requires medical supervision in people with kidney disease. Because potassium is also present, anyone with kidney disease should talk to their doctor or pharmacist before using this product, as kidney disease affects how your body handles potassium and sodium.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The ingredients are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, but potassium and taurine from supplements should be used only under medical guidance during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is appropriate for you.
Does L-glutamine actually work for muscle recovery?
The data we hold doesn't rate L-glutamine for muscle recovery specifically. It's effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting and postoperative recovery, but evidence for general muscle recovery isn't established in our data.
What are the common side effects?
From L-glutamine: belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, stomach pain, headache, and nausea. From taurine: constipation, diarrhea, and indigestion. From potassium: abdominal pain, belching, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Most people tolerate standard doses well.
Can someone with a tree nut allergy take this?
Coconut water is in this product. Although coconut is technically a stone fruit, in the US it's labeled as a tree nut allergen. Coconut can trigger allergic reactions from hives to anaphylaxis in sensitive people. If you have a tree nut allergy or coconut allergy, avoid this product and talk to your doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Amino Max Fruit Punch is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Amino Max Fruit Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Amino Max Fruit Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Amino Max Fruit Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 92 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
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  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
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Taurine 21 references
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  14. Fukuyama, Y. and Ochiai, Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4(1):63-69. PubMed
  15. Franconi, F., Bennardini, F., Mattana, A., Miceli, M., Ciuti, M., Mian, M., Gironi, A., Anichini, R., and Seghieri, G. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am.J. DOI
  16. Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
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  18. Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
  19. Guan L, Miao P. The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020;885:173533. PubMed
  20. Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
  21. Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed

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Potassium 12 references
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  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
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  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
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Coconut 10 references
  1. Teuber SS, Peterson WR. Systemic allergic reaction to coconut (Cocos nucifera) in 2 subjects with hypersensitivity to tree nut and demonstration of cross-reactivity to legumin-like seed storage proteins: new coconut and walnut food allergens. J Allergy Cl PubMed
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  7. 21CFR170.3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services. Updated April 1, 2017. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=170.3
  8. Alatawi KA, Alshubaily FA. Coconut products alleviate hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidimic and nephropathy indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(8):4224-4231. PubMed
  9. Kruse L, Lor J, Yousif R, Pongracic JA, Fishbein AB. Coconut allergy: Characteristics of reactions and diagnostic predictors in a pediatric tertiary care center. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021;126(5):562-568.
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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