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Dietary supplement

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor is a dietary supplement by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,119 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Hemp extract, Lemon Balm. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Hemp extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (20 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 3 active ingredients. Sodium is a mineral that's essential in small amounts for nerve and muscle function, though this supplement delivers it as an additive rather than from food.

Lemon balm is an herb from the mint family traditionally used for relaxation and stress relief. Hemp extract is included as a blend, with its specific cannabinoid components listed separately — we note that we hold no interaction data for total phytocannabinoids.

The remaining ingredients are inactive fillers and binders like tapioca syrup, beet sugar, and pectin that give the gummy its texture and taste.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: ease normal anxiety associated with routine stress.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Stress, Psychological well-being, Tension, Nervousness, Restlessness.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lemon Balm is rated "Possibly Effective" for Stress (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Black Psyllium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Hypertension.
  • Also on file: Lemon Balm is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety, Hypertension.

The evidence for what this product does is mixed and limited. For sodium specifically, it's likely effective for cystic fibrosis (a genetic lung disease where sodium loss is a problem) and possibly effective for preventing kidney damage from the medication amphotericin B.

For other uses, the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate — that includes bipolar disorder and heart failure, where sodium balance matters clinically but we don't have reliable evidence this supplement helps. Lemon balm carries possibly effective ratings for cold sores, stress, and depression, though the strength of that evidence is modest.

We don't hold effectiveness data for the hemp extract or its cannabinoid components in our current monographs.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Lemon Balm Hemp

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but the safety notes make clear: too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. The data warns against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Lemon balm is generally well tolerated for short-term use in healthy adults, though long-term safety at high doses isn't well studied. In clinical trials, lemon balm didn't cause dizziness or sedation more often than placebo.

One rare case report describes heart rhythm changes in a young woman using a multi-ingredient product containing lemon balm, but it's unclear whether lemon balm alone was responsible. For pregnancy, the data shows sodium is likely safe but possibly unsafe (a mixed rating), and lemon balm should be avoided in pregnancy unless your doctor advises otherwise.

For breastfeeding, limited safety information exists for lemon balm — talk to your doctor before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Lemon Balm Hemp

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Lemon Balm, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,053 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check any blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), lithium for bipolar disorder, corticosteroids, thyroid replacement therapy, central nervous system depressants (sedatives or sleeping pills), and any other sodium-containing medications or supplements. The sodium content is the main concern — it affects how these drugs work and can increase the risk of dangerously high sodium levels in your blood.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is mainly a sodium supplement flavored with lemon balm. If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, or certain other drugs, you need to check your exact medications before using it — sodium can significantly change how they work.

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, discuss it with your doctor first. Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if you have heart disease, kidney disease, or high blood pressure.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 26, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Calm Lemon Lime Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers
Barcode (UPC) 843119101349
Net contents 6 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 26, 2020
DSLD ID 239243
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
3
UPC/BARCODE
843119101349
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories25 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates6 Gram(s)2%
Dietary Fiber1 Gram(s)4%
Sodium10 mg1%
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)6%
Total Sugars3 Gram(s)--
Lemon Balm75 mg--
Hemp extract20 mg--
Total Phytocannabinoids10 mg--

Other ingredients: Tapioca Syrup, Beet Sugar, Fructooligosaccharides, Water, Natural flavors, MCT Oil, Pectin, Less than 1% of

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

10 mg Plant-based cannabinoids per serving Hemp extract-infused gummies

Chew yourself to chill: Charlotte's Web Calm gummies are packed with lemon balm, L-Theanine and hemp's naturally occurring and beneficial phytocannabinoids. Together, they ease normal anxiety associated with routine stress. Relieve tension in your body and mind with these bite-sized treats. If you've got these, relax-you got this.

Plant-based cannabinoids + L-Theanine + Lemon balm

WKS (Whole Kosher Services)

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Non GMO, gluten free, Kosher and 100% Vegan.

Non GMO, gluten free, Kosher and 100% Vegan.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use Adults: Take two gummies once per day.

Storage

Store at room temperature away from light.

Precautions

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

As with any dietary supplement, consult your physician before use if you are pregnant, nursing, have or suspect a medical condition or are taking any medications.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

WKS (Whole Kosher Services)

See for yourself

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container3 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
1 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Lemon Balm

Interacts with
264 drugs
75 mg per serving

Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold so...

Lemon Balm monograph & interactions

Hemp extract

Interacts with
938 drugs
20 mg per serving

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generally safe for...

Hemp extract monograph & interactions
  • › Total Phytocannabinoids

Other (inactive) ingredients: Tapioca Syrup, Beet Sugar, Fructooligosaccharides, Water, Natural flavors, MCT Oil, Pectin, Less than 1% of. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Calm Lemon Lime Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,119Drugs
528 Moderate 1,591 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Calm Lemon Lime Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Hemp extract6 drug types · 938 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, hemp might interfere with hormone therapy due to its estrogenic effects.
In an ovariectomized animal model, a diet containing hemp seed 1%, 2%, or 10% resulted in normalized plasma levels of 17-beta-estradiol. The mechanism of action for this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, consuming hemp seed protein isolate with ACE inhibitors might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Hemp seed protein hydrolysate has shown ACE inhibitor-like effects in a hypertensive animal model. However, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans. Until more is known, monitor blood pressure and potassium levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In animal research, hemp seed at 5% of the diet inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. However, in human research, taking hemp seed oil 2 grams daily for 12 weeks does not inhibit the aggregation of platelets in vitro.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed protein may have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
In a hypertensive animal model, hemp seed protein hydrolysate reduced systolic blood pressure by a mechanism possibly involving the inhibition of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities. However, there was no effect of hemp seed protein on blood pressure in normotensive animals. Furthermore, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Lemon Balm2 drug types · 264 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Lemon balm seems to have CNS depressant activity in animals and in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Calm Lemon Lime Flavor, from the product label.

Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers

See all Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers products
Name
Charlotte's Web, Inc.
City
Boulder
State
CO
ZipCode
80302
Phone Number
1.855.790.8169
Web Address
charlottesweb.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers: Common Questions

Does Calm Lemon Lime Flavor by Charlotte's Web Stanley Brothers interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Calm Lemon Lime Flavor has a known interaction with 2,119 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Calm Lemon Lime Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Why does this gummy have sodium in it?
Sodium is an essential mineral for nerve and muscle function. In this case, it's included as an active ingredient — though for most people, getting sodium from food is enough. If you have a specific condition like cystic fibrosis where sodium loss is a problem, that's different. Check with your pharmacist about whether you need extra sodium.
Is this safe to take during pregnancy?
The safety data shows sodium is likely safe in pregnancy, but lemon balm is rated possibly unsafe. The recommendation is to avoid lemon balm during pregnancy unless your doctor advises otherwise. Talk to your doctor or midwife before using this product.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Limited safety information exists for lemon balm during breastfeeding. The data advises using caution and talking to your doctor before using it. There's no specific caution listed for sodium during lactation, but your doctor can give you personalized advice.
What is lemon balm supposed to do?
Lemon balm has possibly effective evidence for helping with cold sores, stress, and depression. It's an herb that's been traditionally used for relaxation, though the strength of the scientific evidence is modest.
Does this product contain CBD or THC from the hemp extract?
The product includes hemp extract and lists total phytocannabinoids, but we don't hold detailed ingredient or effectiveness data for those components in our current monographs. Check the product label for the specific amount of cannabinoids, or contact the manufacturer directly.
Will this gummy make me drowsy?
Lemon balm has CNS depressant activity, but in clinical trials it didn't cause dizziness or sedation more often than placebo. If you're sensitive to sedating herbs or taking other sedating medications, talk to your pharmacist first — combining them could have additive effects.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Calm Lemon Lime Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 80 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
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Lemon Balm 12 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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