Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Comfort Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC TriFlex

Comfort label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Comfort against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Comfort is a dietary supplement by GNC TriFlex with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for skin hydration and aging, joint comfort and osteoarthritis, dry eyes.Based on those ingredients, 1,041 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chinese Skullcap Root Extract, Acacia catechu wood & bark extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Comfort by GNC TriFlex

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Comfort by GNC TriFlex — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Comfort by GNC TriFlex

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “UC-II(R) natural Collagen concentrate” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (40 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Fast-Acting Comfort Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

GNC TriFlex Comfort has four active ingredients. Undenatured Type II Collagen and UC-II(R) natural Collagen concentrate are collagen sources — collagen is a structural protein your joints rely on.

Hyaluronic Acid is a natural substance found in skin and connective tissue that helps retain moisture. Chinese Skullcap Root Extract and Acacia catechu wood & bark extract (the Fast-Acting Comfort Blend) are traditional herbal extracts.

The tablet also contains inactive ingredients — dicalcium phosphate, cellulose, titanium dioxide, vegetable acetoglycerides, and riboflavin — which are fillers, binders, and other excipients that help form and stabilize the tablet.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: joint discomfort and joint function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Osteoarthritis, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Joint pain, Joint stiffness, Cartilage support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Catechu is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Catechu is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Baikal Skullcap is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Osteoarthritis.

The evidence we hold shows effectiveness data only for Hyaluronic Acid. It is possibly effective for dry eye and venous leg ulcers (wounds on the lower leg that don't heal well).

For aging skin, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), and sexual dysfunction, the evidence is insufficient to rate it either way. For Chinese Skullcap Root Extract, Acacia catechu, and the collagen ingredients, effectiveness data isn't established in the resources we hold.

If these are your main reason for considering this product, ask your pharmacist or doctor what clinical evidence supports them.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Hyaluronic Acid Baikal Skullcap Catechu

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Hyaluronic Acid is generally well tolerated when taken by mouth or applied to skin, though long-term safety of supplements hasn't been fully studied. Rare reports of eye pain have occurred with eye drops containing hyaluronic acid.

Chinese Skullcap Root Extract is generally well tolerated, but human safety data are limited. The most common side effects are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

A rare serious concern: a combination product (Limbrel) containing Baikal skullcap flavonoids has been linked to reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (a lung reaction) and liver damage; the FDA requested its recall in 2017. Acacia catechu is likely fine for short-term use in food-like amounts, but concentrated supplement safety in humans is not well studied.

The same Limbrel product issue applies here. Safety data on undenatured Type II Collagen are not on file.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Hyaluronic Acid Baikal Skullcap Catechu

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Catechu, Baikal Skullcap.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,041 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you take blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, thyroid medications, lithium, or any drug broken down by your liver's CYP2C19 or CYP1A2 enzymes — all are Moderate-severity interactions with the Chinese Skullcap or catechu in this formula. Also check if you take theophylline or immunosuppressants.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

GNC TriFlex Comfort is a joint-support formula with collagen and hyaluronic acid, but it carries documented interactions with blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, and several others — primarily from the Chinese Skullcap and catechu extracts. If you take any regular medications, check them against the tool on this page before you start.

Pregnant or nursing? Skip it unless your doctor clears it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Comfort, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC TriFlex
Barcode (UPC) 048107118044
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 25, 2013
DSLD ID 27368
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Comfort by GNC TriFlex, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
048107118044
IngredientAmount% DV
undenatured Type II Collagen10 mg--
Hyaluronic Acid5 mg--
Chinese Skullcap Root Extract0 NP--
Acacia catechu wood & bark extract0 NP--
UC-II(R) natural Collagen concentrate40 mg--
Fast-Acting Comfort Blend250 mg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Cellulose, Titanium Dioxide, Vegetable Acetoglycerides, Riboflavin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

WARNING: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

General Statements

79% SMALLER PILL*

-Feel significant improvement in joint discomfort in just days^* -Soothes achy joints and improves joint function by 19%^* -Cushions sore joints with just one small pill per day*

^In a 12 week multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 60 adults, subjects taking 250 mg/day of the GNC TriFlex(TM) Fast-Acting Comfort Blend showed a significant 29.8% improvement in joint flexibility and a 19.4% improvement in joint function in 30 days compared to subjects on placebo. *Compared to a leading brand.

Lot No./Best By:

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

ONE PER DAY

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take one tablet daily.

General

CODE 281922 GNG

Formulation

No Artificial Colors, No Artificial Flavors, No Preservatives, No Wheat, No Gluten, No Soy, No Dairy, Yeast Free.

Brand IP Statement(s)

UC-II(R) is a registered trademark of InterHealth N.I.

Seals/Symbols

UC-II(R)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Comfort by GNC TriFlex label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Comfort label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Comfort by GNC TriFlex

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Hyaluronic Acid

No known
interactions
5 mg per serving Form: Sodium Hyaluronate

Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin...

Hyaluronic Acid monograph & interactions

UC-II(R) natural Collagen concentrate

40 mg per serving
  • › Undenatured Type II Collagen

Fast-Acting Comfort Blend

250 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Cellulose, Titanium Dioxide, Vegetable Acetoglycerides, Riboflavin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Comfort by GNC TriFlex Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Comfort?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,041Drugs
713 Moderate 328 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Chinese Skullcap Root Extract 948
Acacia catechu wood & bark extract 475

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Comfort interact with 1,041 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Comfort interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chinese Skullcap Root Extract Acacia catechu wood & bark extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Comfort with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Chinese Skullcap Root Extract12 drug types · 948 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking capsules containing a combination of astragalus, goldthread, and Baikal skullcap daily for 4 weeks inhibits platelet aggregation; the effect seems to be similar to that of aspirin 50 mg daily. It is unclear if this effect is due to Baikal skullcap, other ingredients, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects.
Baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, has alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Animal research also suggests that Baikal skullcap enhances the antidiabetic effects of metformin. However, in a small human study, taking Baikal skullcap extract did not enhance the antidiabetic effects of metformin, although it did modestly lower glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Until more is known, use cautiously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap and antithyroid drugs may result in additive activity and increase the risk of hypothyroidism.
In an animal hyperthyroid model, Baikal skullcap improved levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggests that constituents of Baikal skullcap inhibit the activity of CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggest that wogonin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, modestly inhibits the activity of CYP2C19 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of Baikal skullcap might interfere with hormone replacement therapy, due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro evidence suggests that Baikal skullcap has estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might reduce lithium excretion and increase serum levels of lithium.
Baikal skullcap is thought to have diuretic properties, which may reduce lithium excretion. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alcohol (Ethanol)

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might alter the levels and clinical effects of OATP substrates.
Some pharmacokinetic research shows that baicalin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, can decrease plasma levels of rosuvastatin. The mechanism is thought to involve stimulation of the activity of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), which transports rosuvastatin into the liver. This decreases plasma levels of the drug, but increases levels at the site of action in the liver. The degree to which rosuvastatin levels are affected depends on the OATP1B1 haplotype of the individual. Baikal skullcap might also affect other OATP1B1 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro and animal research suggests that baicalein, oroxylin A, and wogonin, constituents of Baikal skullcap, can inhibit P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chinese Skullcap Root Extract full monograph & interactions

Acacia catechu wood & bark extract4 drug types · 475 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Catechu might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting CYP1A2. Theophylline is a CYP1A2 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, catechu might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that catechu has immunomodulating effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acacia catechu wood & bark extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Comfort, from the product label.

GNC TriFlex

Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Comfort by GNC TriFlex: Common Questions

Does Comfort by GNC TriFlex interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Comfort has a known interaction with 1,041 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Comfort contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What does hyaluronic acid do?
Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance that holds onto moisture in your skin and joints. In our data, it's shown to be possibly effective for dry eye and venous leg ulcers (non-healing wounds on the lower leg). For aging skin and hay fever, there isn't enough evidence to say whether it helps.
What are the side effects of Chinese Skullcap Root Extract?
When taken by mouth, Chinese Skullcap (Baikal skullcap) is generally well tolerated. Most common side effects are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. A rare serious concern: a combination product called Limbrel containing skullcap flavonoids was linked to lung and liver damage, and the FDA requested its recall in 2017.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant?
Chinese Skullcap should be avoided — there isn't enough safety data. Acacia catechu is also best avoided in pregnancy because safety isn't well studied. For the collagen and hyaluronic acid, we don't have pregnancy safety data on file. Talk with your doctor before starting.
Does hyaluronic acid have any interactions with medications?
No interactions are documented in our data for hyaluronic acid. That doesn't mean none exist, but we have no drug interactions on file for this ingredient.
What is collagen for in this product?
Collagen is a structural protein found naturally in joints, cartilage, and skin. This product includes both undenatured Type II Collagen and UC-II(R) natural Collagen concentrate — both are collagen sources — but we don't have effectiveness data on file for either one.
Why should I check my medications before taking this?
The Chinese Skullcap and catechu extracts in this product interact with many common medications — blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, and others. These interactions are documented as Moderate severity, so it's important to check your exact prescriptions with your pharmacist or the tool on this page.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Comfort is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Comfort label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Comfort’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin moisture and joint comfort, and the evi...

Read the full Hyaluronic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Baikal Skullcap

Interacts with 948 drugs

Baikal skullcap is a traditional Chinese herb (Huang Qin) used for inflammation, allergies, and infections, with active compounds like baicalin and baicalein studied mostly in the lab. Human...

Read the full Baikal Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Catechu

Interacts with 475 drugs

Catechu is an astringent extract made from the heartwood of the Acacia (Senegalia) catechu tree, used traditionally for mouth sores, sore throat, diarrhea, and minor skin problems. Strong hu...

Read the full Catechu monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Comfort's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 47 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Hyaluronic Acid 4 references
  1. Park Y, Song JS, Choi CY, Yoon KC, Lee HK, Kim HS. A randomized multicenter study comparing 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate with 0.05% cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017;33(2):66-72. PubMed
  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Do Not Use Needle-Free Devices for Injection of Dermal Fillers - FDA Safety Communication. October 8, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/do-not-use-needle-free-devices-injection
  3. Disphanurat W, Srisantithum B. Efficacy and safety of 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol combined with hyaluronic acid vs 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol or hyaluronic acid alone in melasma treatment: A randomized evaluator-blind trial. J C PubMed
  4. Humbert P, Mikosinki J, Benchikhi H, Allaert FA. Efficacy and safety of a gauze pad containing hyaluronic acid in treatment of leg ulcers of venous or mixed origin: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J 2013;10(2):159-66. PubMed

See these in context on the Hyaluronic Acid monograph →

Baikal Skullcap 34 references
  1. Huang KC. The pharmacology of Chinese herbs. 2nd ed. New York, NY: CRC Press LLC. 1999;385-6, 400-1.
  2. Hui KM, Wang XH, Xue H. Interaction of flavones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site. Planta Med 2000;66:91-3.
  3. Liao JF, Wang HH, Chen MC, et al. Benzodiazepine binding site-interactive flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis root. Planta Med 1998;64:571-2.
  4. Nishioka T, Kawabata J, Aoyama Y. Baicalein, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis. J Nat Prod 1998;61:1413-5.
  5. Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98:295-300. PubMed
  6. Fan L, Zhang W, Guo D, et al. The effect of herbal medicine baicalin on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;83:471-6. PubMed
  7. Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, et al. Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:537-46. PubMed
  8. Pasanen MK, Fredrikson H, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. Different effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82:726-33. PubMed
  9. Konig J, Seithel A, Gradhand U, Fromm MF. Pharmacogenomics of human OATP transporters. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch Pharmacol 2006;372:432-43. PubMed
  10. Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro V, et al. Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:857-60. PubMed
  11. Reichenbach S, Juni P. Medical food and food supplements: not always as safe as generally assumed. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:894-5. PubMed
  12. Huang, W. M., Yan, J., and Xu, J. [Clinical and experimental study on inhibitory effect of sanhuang mixture on platelet aggregation]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1995;15(8):465-467.
  13. Kim, B. R., Kim, D. H., Park, R., Kwon, K. B., Ryu, D. G., Kim, Y. C., Kim, N. Y., Jeong, S., Kang, B. K., and Kim, K. S. Effect of an extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids on aflatoxin B1 oxidizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pl PubMed
  14. Lee, Y., Yeo, H., Liu, S. H., Jiang, Z., Savizky, R. M., Austin, D. J., and Cheng, Y. C. Increased anti-P-glycoprotein activity of baicalein by alkylation on the A ring. J Med Chem 10-21-2004;47(22):5555-5566. PubMed
  15. Huang, Y., Tsang, S. Y., Yao, X., and Chen, Z. Y. Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system. Curr Drug Targets.Cardiovasc.Haematol.Disord 2005;5(2):177-184. PubMed
  16. Lee, E., Enomoto, R., Suzuki, C., Ohno, M., Ohashi, T., Miyauchi, A., Tanimoto, E., Maeda, K., Hirano, H., Yokoi, T., and Sugahara, C. Wogonin, a plant flavone, potentiates etoposide-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1095:521-526. PubMed
  17. Waisundara, V. Y., Hsu, A., Huang, D., and Tan, B. K. Scutellaria baicalensis enhances the anti-diabetic activity of metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Am J Chin Med 2008;36(3):517-540.
  18. Go, W. J., Ryu, J. H., Qiang, F., and Han, H. K. Evaluation of the flavonoid oroxylin A as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux. J Nat Prod 2009;72(9):1616-1619. PubMed
  19. Linnebur, S. A., Rapacchietta, O. C., and Vejar, M. Hepatotoxicity associated with chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30(7):750, 258e-750, 262e. PubMed
  20. Enomoto, R., Koshiba, C., Suzuki, C., and Lee, E. Wogonin potentiates the antitumor action of etoposide and ameliorates its adverse effects. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2011;67(5):1063-1072. PubMed
  21. Chang, H. H., Yi, P. L., Cheng, C. H., Lu, C. Y., Hsiao, Y. T., Tsai, Y. F., Li, C. L., and Chang, F. C. Biphasic effects of baicalin, an active constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, in the spontaneous sleep-wake regulation. J Ethnopharmacol. 5- PubMed
  22. Li, T., Li, N., Guo, Q., Ji, H., Zhao, D., Xie, S., Li, X., Qiu, Z., Han, D., Chen, X., and You, Q. Inhibitory effects of wogonin on catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in human liver microsomes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 6-29-2011; PubMed
  23. Lin H, Zhou J, Lin K, et al. Efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis for the treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with encephalitis in patients infected with EV71: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. Biomed Res Int 2016;2016:5697571.
  24. Papafragkakis C, Ona MA, Reddy M, Anand S. Acute hepatitis after ingestion of a preparation of Chinese skullcap and black catechu for joint pain. Case Reports Heptal 2016;2016:4356749. PubMed
  25. Kim M, Lee BC. Therapeutic effect of Scutellaria baicalensis on L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:3239649.
  26. Braude MR, Bassily R. Drug-induced liver injury secondary to Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap). Intern Med J. 2019;49(4):544-546. PubMed
  27. Shin NR, Gu N, Choi HS, Kim H. Combined effects of Scutellaria baicalensis with metformin on glucose tolerance of patients with type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota modulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(1):E52-E61.
  28. Li WJ, Bao J, Zheng DC, et al. Treatments of Peyronie's disease with Scutellaria baicalensis and surgery according to the disease course: a single-center retrospective study of 261 patients. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Mar;10(3):2979-2989. PubMed
  29. Adam T, Bursztejn AC, Schmutz JL. Facial eczema from a sunscreen: Scutellaria baicalensis, a novel allergen beginning to attract attention. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Apr;82(4):253-254.
  30. Luna-Bastante L, Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-Nieto MA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to Tinosorb S, Scutellaria baicalensis, and other emerging allergens in cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 May;82(5):307-309.
  31. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Alerts Consumers About Potentially Life-Threatening Health Problems Linked to Limbrel. December 19, 2017. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-alerts-consumers-about-pot
  32. Li L, Gao H, Lou K, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral baicalein tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multiple-ascending-dose study. Clin Transl Sci 2021;14(5):2017-2024. PubMed
  33. Badaoui A. Allergic contact dermatitis to resveratrol and Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in a cosmetic product. Contact Dermatitis 2022.
  34. Nogami T, Arai M. Incidence of Herb-induced Liver Injury Caused by Kampo Formulae Containing Scutellariae Radix. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2022;47(3):94-98.

See these in context on the Baikal Skullcap monograph →

Catechu 9 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Sham JS, Chiu KW, Pang PK. Hypotensive action of Acacia catechu. Planta Med 1984;50:177-80.
  3. Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro V, et al. Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:857-60. PubMed
  4. Reichenbach S, Juni P. Medical food and food supplements: not always as safe as generally assumed. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:894-5. PubMed
  5. PL-Detail Document, Liver Toxicity and Limbrel. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. September 2012.
  6. Al-Mohizea AM, Raish M, Ahad A, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of Acacia catechu with CYP1A substrate theophylline in rabbits. J Tradit Chin Med 2015;35(5):588-93. PubMed
  7. Papafragkakis C, Ona MA, Reddy M, et al. Acute hepatitis after ingestion of a preparation of chinese skullcap and black catechu for joint pain. Case Reports Hepatol 2016;2016:4356749. PubMed
  8. Sunil MA, Sunitha VS, Ashitha A, et al. Catechin rich butanol fraction extracted from Acacia catechu L. (a thirst quencher) exhibits immunostimulatory potential. J Food Drug Anal. 2019;27(1):195-207. PubMed
  9. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Alerts Consumers About Potentially Life-Threatening Health Problems Linked to Limbrel. December 19, 2017. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-alerts-consumers-about-pot

See these in context on the Catechu monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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