Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ProCaps Laboratories

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E is a dietary supplement by ProCaps Laboratories with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, antioxidant support, liver health (fatty liver).Based on those ingredients, 764 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are natural Vitamin E Complex. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (74 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Tocotrienols” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (10 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “natural Vitamin E Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (210 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 11 ingredients, most of which are various forms of vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) plus a few fatty acids. The active vitamin E components include D-alpha-tocopherol, D-gamma-tocopherol, D-delta-tocopherol, D-beta-tocopherol (the tocopheroI forms), and D-gamma-tocotrienol, D-alpha-tocotrienol, D-delta-tocotrienol, D-beta-tocotrienol (the tocotrienol forms).

You'll also find gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and stearidonic acid—omega-type fatty acids. The capsule itself is a soft-gelatin shell with no other listed inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use — see Vitamin E's own graded uses on its monograph.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Natural vitamin E complex antioxidant support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Aging, Aging skin, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Atherosclerosis, Cataracts.
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Likely Ineffective" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Vitamin E in this product is effective for treating actual vitamin E deficiency and a rare inherited condition called ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED). For other uses—Alzheimer disease, beta-thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and intracranial hemorrhage—the evidence rates as possibly effective, meaning there's some promise but it's not yet conclusive.

If you're taking this for general wellness or age-related concerns, the data we hold doesn't establish clear benefit for those purposes.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Tocotrienols Vitamin E

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin E is generally well-tolerated at normal dietary levels. However, the product's label cautions against high-dose long-term use because it may raise the risk of bleeding and other harms.

In rare cases, high doses have caused serious bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular problems. There's particular concern about hemorrhagic stroke in male smokers taking synthetic vitamin E over 5–8 years, though some shorter studies (1.4–4.5 years) found no increased stroke risk.

For pregnancy, the data on vitamin E rates it as possibly safe, but food and prenatal vitamin amounts are appropriate—avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor directs otherwise. For breastfeeding, normal dietary amounts are fine, but check with your doctor before taking high-dose supplements.

There's conflicting data here: some sources rate it likely safe, others possibly unsafe at high doses while breastfeeding. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about what dose is right for you if you're nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Tocotrienols Vitamin E

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Vitamin E.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; cancer treatments.
  • For scale: 765 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, have your pharmacist check it against any blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs you're on (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.)—vitamin E raises bleeding risk. If you're on chemotherapy, especially alkylating agents or antitumor antibiotics, talk to your oncologist.

Also flag any medications your liver breaks down via the CYP3A4 pathway (a very common group that includes many statins, blood pressure drugs, and others). Finally, if you take niacin for cholesterol or cyclosporine for immune suppression, mention this product when you pick up your next refill.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is worth considering if you have a documented vitamin E deficiency or AVED, or if your doctor recommends it for Alzheimer disease or another listed condition. Be cautious if you take blood thinners, chemotherapy drugs, or multiple medications processed by your liver—check with your pharmacist first.

High doses carry a bleeding risk, so don't exceed your doctor's recommendation. Start a conversation with your pharmacist before you begin.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E, straight from the product label.

Brand ProCaps Laboratories
Barcode (UPC) 729142
Net contents 240 Easy-To-Swallow Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2021
DSLD ID 248432
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
240
UPC/BARCODE
729142
IngredientAmount% DV
Gamma-Linolenic Acid9 mg--
Alpha-Linolenic Acid52 mg--
D-Alpha-Tocopherol34 mg227%
D-Gamma Tocotrienol35 mg--
D-Alpha-Tocotrienol25 mg--
D-Delta-Tocotrienol0 NP--
Stearidonic Acid23 mg--
D-Gamma-Tocopherol100 mg--
D-Delta-Tocopherol0 NP--
D-Beta-Tocopherol0 NP--
Total Omega Fatty Acids74 mg--
Tocotrienols10 mg--
D-Beta-Tocotrienol0 NP--
natural Vitamin E Complex210 mg--
Total Natural Tocotrienols70 mg--
Tocopherols6 mg--
Total natural Tocopherols140 mg--

Other ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use Consume one or more capsules daily or as recommended by your physician. As with any dietary supplement, this product is most effective as part of a healthy diet and active lifestyle, along with a daily multi-vitamin-mineral formula. For questions about the use of this product call 800.332.7799.

General Statements

Unsurpassed. Purity. Quality. Integrity. Effectiveness. Andrew Lessman Founder of ProCaps Labs HSN www.HSN.com 800.944.9999 www.QVC.com 800.345.1515 Questions? Call 800.800.1200 www.PROCAPSLABS.com

Comprehensive Balanced

Brand IP Statement(s)

2020 ProCaps Labs

Ahiflower is a registered trademark of Technology Crops, LLC.

Formula

Natural Vitamin E Complex

Andrew Lessman’s Complete Tocotrienols is the most comprehensive Vitamin E formula possible delivering the full complement of all eight naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E - both the well-known Tocopherols and the hard-to-find Tocotrienols. Our Complete Tocotrienols is a naturally balanced formula containing high levels of Vitamin E as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta Tocotrienol; as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta Tocopherol. Our Complete Tocotrienols is uniquely balanced to focus on Gamma Tocotrienol and Gamma Tocopherol - by far the most active and protective forms of Vitamin E. Unfortunately, most Tocopherol-based Vitamin E supplements ignore Mother Nature's blueprint by delivering Alpha Tocopherol only (often synthetic) and absolutely no Gamma Tocopherol or Tocotrienol at all. Even more advanced tocotrienol supplements reduce their efficacy and benefits with high levels of Alpha Tocopherol. Sadly, most Americans unknowingly use ineffective Vitamin E supplements that ignore the research and bear no resemblance to the Vitamin E found in nature. Our Complete Tocotrienols is both perfectly comprehensive and ideally balanced focusing on Mother Nature's most beneficial and protective forms of Vitamin E that are sadly, absent from typical Vitamin E supplements. It is difficult to achieve an adequate intake of Vitamin E from foods, but it is even more difficult to find a Vitamin E supplement like our Complete Tocotrienols that respects your needs and Mother Nature's clear blueprint. To assure you the greatest benefits possible, we enhance our pure, natural Complete Tocotrienols with the unique balance of plant-based Omega-3 fatty acids from Ahiflower Oil.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

All-solar manufacturing

Contains no additives or common allergens of any kind.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container240 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Total Omega Fatty Acids

74 mg per serving Form: Ahiflower Oil
  • › Gamma-Linolenic Acid
  • › Alpha-Linolenic Acid
  • › Stearidonic Acid

Natural Vitamin E Complex

Interacts with
122 drugs
210 mg per serving

Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early resea...

Natural Vitamin E Complex monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
764Drugs
763 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

natural Vitamin E Complex 122

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E interact with 764 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 4 ingredients in Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. natural Vitamin E Complex

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

natural Vitamin E Complex1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Taking tocotrienols orally inhibits experimentally-induced platelet aggregation in humans. Theoretically tocotrienols might increase the risk of bleeding if taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. However, tocotrienols 400-800 mg daily have been used with aspirin and/or clopidogrel for 1 year with no clear cumulative antiplatelet effects and no reports of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
natural Vitamin E Complex full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E, from the product label.

ProCaps Laboratories

See all ProCaps Laboratories products
Name
ProCaps Laboratories
City
Henderson
State
NV
ZipCode
89011
Phone Number
800-800-1200
Web Address
ProCapsLabs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E by ProCaps Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E has a known interaction with 764 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
The data rates vitamin E as possibly safe in pregnancy, but food and prenatal vitamin amounts are appropriate. High-dose supplements are not recommended unless your doctor directs you to use them. Talk with your OB or pharmacist about the right approach for you.
Can I take this while I'm breastfeeding?
Normal dietary amounts of vitamin E are fine while breastfeeding. High-dose supplements are less clear—the data is mixed on safety. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting a high-dose supplement while nursing.
What are tocotrienols and why are they in this product?
Tocotrienols are a form of vitamin E found naturally in plant oils and grains. Like tocopherols (the other main form of vitamin E in this product), they act as antioxidants. This product combines both types to provide a broad spectrum of vitamin E forms.
Will this help my memory or prevent Alzheimer disease?
The evidence for vitamin E in Alzheimer disease is rated possibly effective, meaning there's some research interest but it's not yet proven. It's not established for prevention in healthy people. If you're concerned about memory, talk to your doctor about what's right for you.
What side effects should I watch for?
At normal doses, vitamin E is usually well-tolerated with few side effects. At high doses, the main concern is increased bleeding risk—watch for unusual bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in stool or urine. Rarely, very high doses have caused serious bleeding or stroke. Stick to your doctor's recommended dose.
Is there a 'natural' form of vitamin E in here, or is it synthetic?
This product includes both natural and synthetic forms of vitamin E (the D- prefix indicates the forms and their sources). The product contains a blend labeled 'natural Vitamin E Complex' and separate individual components. The overall formulation mixes both types.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Tocotrienols

Interacts with 122 drugs

Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early research is interesting but far from conclusi...

Read the full Tocotrienols monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin E

Interacts with 764 drugs

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...

Read the full Vitamin E monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Complete Tocotrienols with Gamma Vitamin E's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 68 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin E 64 references
  1. Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
  2. Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
  3. Corrigan JJ Jr. Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1979;1:169-73.
  4. Corrigan JJ Jr, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA 1974;230:1300-1. DOI
  5. Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
  6. Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
  7. Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
  8. Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
  9. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6. DOI
  10. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The heart outcomes prevention evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. PubMed
  11. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study. Lancet 1996;347:781-6.
  12. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. PubMed
  13. Takahashi O. Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, ubiquinone, beta-carotene, retinol acetate and L-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:121-8.
  14. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  15. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1216-22. PubMed
  16. Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med 1998;30:542-6.
  17. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
  18. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  19. Liu M, Wallmon A, Olsson-Mortlock C, et al. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:700-6. PubMed
  20. Sokol RJ, Johnson KE, Karrer FM, et al. Improvement of cyclosporin absorption in children after liver transplantation by means of water-soluble vitamin E. Lancet 1991;338:212-4.. PubMed
  21. Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, et al. The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1806-13.. PubMed
  22. Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Carnes M, et al. Health-related quality of life and long-term therapy with pravastatin and tocopherol (vitamin E) in older adults. Drugs Aging 2002;19:793-805. . PubMed
  23. Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
  24. Schrogie JJ. Coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamins (letter). JAMA 1975;232:19. DOI
  25. Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
  26. Stampfer MJ, Jakubowski JA, Faigel D, et al. Vitamin E supplementation effect on human platelet function, arachidonic acid metabolism, and plasma prostacyclin levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:700-6. PubMed
  27. Jandak J, Steiner M, Richardson PD. Alpha-tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 1989;73:141-9. DOI
  28. Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-40. PubMed
  29. Steiner M. Vitamin E, a modifier of platelet function: rationale and use in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Nutr Rev 1999;57:306-9. PubMed
  30. Brodkin RH, Bleiberg J. Sensitivity to topically applied vitamin E. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:76-7. DOI
  31. Booth SL, Golly I, Sacheck JM, et al. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:143-8. PubMed
  32. Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:60520-53. PubMed
  33. Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:1338-47. PubMed
  34. Landes N, Pfluger P, Kluth D, et al. Vitamin E activates gene expression via the pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:269-73. . PubMed
  35. Brigelius-Flohe R. Vitamin E and drug metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:737-40. PubMed
  36. Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
  37. Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
  38. Schurks M, Glynn RJ, Rist PM, et al. Effects of vitamin E on stroke subtypes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341: c5702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5702.
  39. Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
  40. Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate total cancer in men: the physicians' health study II randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:52-62.
  41. Hayden KM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wengreen HJ, et al; Cache County Investigators. Risk of mortality with vitamin E supplements: the Cache County study. Am L Med 2007;120:180-4. PubMed
  42. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  43. Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2011;306:1549-56. PubMed
  44. Huang, H. Y., Caballero, B., Chang, S., Alberg, A. J., Semba, R. D., Schneyer, C. R., Wilson, R. F., Cheng, T. Y., Vassy, J., Prokopowicz, G., Barnes, G. J., and Bass, E. B. The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent ca
  45. Sesso, H. D., Buring, J. E., Christen, W. G., Kurth, T., Belanger, C., MacFadyen, J., Bubes, V., Manson, J. E., Glynn, R. J., and Gaziano, J. M. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomiz
  46. Papaioannou, D., Cooper, K. L., Carroll, C., Hind, D., Squires, H., Tappenden, P., and Logan, R. F. Antioxidants in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorec PubMed
  47. Cooper, K., Squires, H., Carroll, C., Papaioannou, D., Booth, A., Logan, R. F., Maguire, C., Hind, D., and Tappenden, P. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol.Assess. 2010;14(32):1-206. PubMed
  48. Mathew, M. C., Ervin, A. M., Tao, J., and Davis, R. M. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD004567. PubMed
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See these in context on the Vitamin E monograph →

Tocotrienols 4 references
  1. Mensink RP, van Houwelingen AC, Kromhout D, Hornstra G. A vitamin E concentrate rich in tocotrienols had no effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins, or platelet function in men with mildly elevated serum lipid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:213-9. PubMed
  2. Baumann LS, Spencer JS. The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:311-5. PubMed
  3. Khoo TL, Halim AS, Zakaria Z, Mat Saad AZ, Wu LY, Lau HY. A prospective, randomised, double-blinded trial to study the efficacy of topical tocotrienol in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011 Jun;64(6):e137-45. Epub 201 PubMed
  4. Slivka A, Rink C, Paoletto D, Sen CK. Platelet function in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients treated with tocotrienol. FASEB J. 2020;34(9):11838-11843. PubMed

See these in context on the Tocotrienols monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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