Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Coral Calcium Powder Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by CATALO

Coral Calcium Powder label
See full label image
Powder Category: Mineral
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Coral Calcium Powder against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Coral Calcium Powder is a dietary supplement by CATALO with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 482 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Coral Calcium, Powder, Pure” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Coral Calcium Powder contains three active minerals: sodium, magnesium, and calcium (as the coral calcium component itself). This product has no inactive ingredients listed.

Each of these minerals plays essential roles in the body — calcium and magnesium support bone health and muscle function, while sodium regulates fluid balance and nerve signaling. However, because all three have documented interactions with medications and specific safety considerations around intake levels, it's important to understand how much you're getting and whether it fits your health situation.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: strengthen bone and teeth health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Bone substitute, Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, Fall prevention, Fetal bone mineralization, Fractures, Osteomalacia — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Calcium is rated "Likely Effective" for Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Calcium is rated "Likely Effective" for Osteoporosis.
  • Also on file: Calcium is rated "Possibly Effective" for Fetal bone mineralization, Osteomalacia.

The evidence for effectiveness depends on what you're taking this product for. Magnesium is effective for heartburn and constipation, and effective at treating low magnesium levels and pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.

Calcium is effective for low calcium levels, high potassium levels, and likely effective for osteoporosis prevention. Sodium's effectiveness is limited in the data we hold: it's rated likely effective only for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for reducing kidney damage from amphotericin B (an antifungal).

For other uses — like heart failure or bipolar disorder — we have insufficient evidence to say whether it works. Talk with your doctor about what you're hoping this product will do and whether it's the right choice for that goal.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coral Magnesium Calcium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Magnesium and calcium are generally well tolerated at recommended amounts; the main oral side effect of magnesium is loose stools or mild digestive upset. Calcium can cause constipation, bloating, or stomach discomfort in some people.

Sodium is safe in normal dietary amounts, but the safety notes emphasize avoiding sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice — excessive sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. During pregnancy, magnesium and calcium are rated likely safe at appropriate doses, though high magnesium doses during pregnancy may raise concerns; sodium has conflicting safety data (likely safe in some uses, possibly unsafe in others).

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor before taking a mineral supplement like this one.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coral Magnesium Calcium

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 482 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take levodopa/carbidopa (Parkinson's medication) — magnesium can cut its effectiveness significantly. Also double-check if you take HIV drugs dolutegravir or elvitegravir (calcium cuts their levels), blood pressure medications (sodium can reduce their effect), lithium (sodium can lower its levels), thyroid hormone (levothyroxine), or cephalosporin antibiotics like ceftriaxone.

If you take any of these or other regular medications, use the search tool on this page to look up your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Coral Calcium Powder is a mineral blend best suited for someone whose doctor has identified a specific deficiency or condition that calls for supplemental calcium, magnesium, or sodium — not as a general 'wellness' product. Because sodium, magnesium, and calcium all interact significantly with common medications, you should check every prescription and over-the-counter drug you take against this product before starting.

Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist, especially if you take medications for blood pressure, thyroid, heart rhythm, HIV, antibiotics, or Parkinson's disease.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Coral Calcium Powder, straight from the product label.

Brand CATALO
Net contents 90 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 22, 2024
DSLD ID 302987
Product type Mineral
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Children (All), Pregnant Women, Infants/Baby (0 - 1 Year), Lactating
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.25 Gram(s), 0.5 Gram(s), 0.5 Gram(s), 1 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.25 Gram(s), 0.5 Gram(s), 0.5 Gram(s), 1 Gram(s)
Servings per container
90
IngredientAmount% DV
Protein0 Gram(s)--
Sodium0 mg--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Magnesium1000 mcg--
Saturated Fat0 Gram(s)--
Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Energy0 Kcal--
Carbohydrates0 Gram(s)--
Coral Calcium, Powder, Pure1000 mg--
Calcium350 mg--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Catalo 100% Pure Coral Calcium Powder from Caribbean Coral Calcium is a natural mineral harvested from the top fossilized layer of unpolluted corals. It naturally contains minerals which are essential in maintaining healthy bones, teeth and good health. Catalo Coral Calcium is highly absorbable because of its natural ability to become ionic upon contact with moisture.

Catalo 100% Pure Coral Calcium Powder from Caribbean With high amount of Calcium, Catalo Coral Calcium is an ideal supplement to strengthen bone and teeth health.

Suitable for: Concerned about bone health, children, teenagers, pregnant and lactating women, lack of exercise, increase bone density, enhance teeth and bone health

Formulation

Main Functions: Contain natural minerals for healthy bone and teeth For a better bone mineral density Boost immunity and promote wound recovery

Suitable for: Concerned about bone health, children, teenagers, pregnant and lactating women, lack of exercise, increase bone density, enhance teeth and bone health Sourced from Nature

This product is made from natural sources and may have color variation. This is a normal phenomenon and does not affect product quality.

Made in USA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Serving Directions For children 6 months to age 2, take 1/4 level spoon daily. For children age 3-11, take half level spoon daily. For age 12 or above, take half level spoon twice daily. For pregnant and lactating women, take 1 level spoon twice daily. Take after meal. Consume directly or mix with foods. (e.g. soup, milk, congee) Please use the spoon attached for measurements

Storage

Storage Keep in a dry and cool place Avoid direct sunlight

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Certified Good Manufacturing Practices

General Statements

Customer Hotline: (852) 3556 8686

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Coral Calcium Powder label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.25 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

0 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
0 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Energy

0 Kcal per serving

Carbohydrates

0 Gram(s) per serving

Coral Calcium, Powder, Pure

No known
interactions
1000 mg per serving

Coral calcium is a calcium supplement made from coral skeletons (often fossilized) that also contains small amounts of other minerals. It is essential...

Coral Calcium, Powder, Pure monograph & interactions
Interaction report

Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Coral Calcium Powder?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
482Drugs
13 Major 361 Moderate 108 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Coral Calcium Powder interact with 482 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 5 ingredients in Coral Calcium Powder interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Coral Calcium Powder with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Coral Calcium Powder, from the product label.

CATALO

See all CATALO products
Name
CATALO Natural Health USA Inc.
City
City of Industry
State
CA
ZipCode
91748
Web Address
CATALO.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO: Common Questions

Does Coral Calcium Powder by CATALO interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Coral Calcium Powder has a known interaction with 482 medications, including 13 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Coral Calcium Powder contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have fillers or just the active minerals?
This product contains only the three active minerals — sodium, magnesium, and calcium — with no inactive ingredients listed.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
The safety data is mixed. Calcium and magnesium are rated likely safe at appropriate doses during pregnancy and are actually needed then, but sodium has conflicting safety ratings. Don't take a mineral supplement in pregnancy without talking to your doctor first — they can advise you on whether you need extra and in what amount.
Is this safe to take if I'm on blood pressure medication?
No — not without checking with your doctor first. The sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure medications work, and magnesium can add to the blood-pressure-lowering effect of certain heart drugs. Your doctor or pharmacist needs to review your specific medication before you start.
What is coral calcium, and is it better than regular calcium supplements?
Coral calcium is calcium derived from coral sources; this product lists it as one of its three active ingredients. The data we hold doesn't compare coral calcium to other calcium forms, so we can't say whether it's better — it behaves the same way medically as other calcium supplements do.
Can magnesium in this product cause diarrhea?
Yes — diarrhea, nausea, and mild digestive upset are the most common side effects of oral magnesium, especially at higher doses. If you're sensitive to digestive changes, start with a small amount and take it with food.
Is this product effective for osteoporosis?
Calcium in this product is rated likely effective for osteoporosis prevention. Magnesium also plays a role in bone health, though the data focuses on its other uses. For bone health, adequate calcium is important, but talk with your doctor about whether a supplement is right for you and what dose you actually need.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Coral Calcium Powder label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Coral Calcium Powder’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coral

Coral calcium is a calcium supplement made from coral skeletons (often fossilized) that also contains small amounts of other minerals. It is essentially a form of calcium carbonate, and ther...

Read the full Coral monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Magnesium

Interacts with 295 drugs

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...

Read the full Magnesium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Calcium

Interacts with 168 drugs

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...

Read the full Calcium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Coral Calcium Powder's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 187 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Magnesium 82 references
  1. Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
  2. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  3. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
  6. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  7. Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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