Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Femalgen Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by R-Garden

Femalgen label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Femalgen against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Femalgen is a dietary supplement by R-Garden with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) symptoms, overactive bladder, eye and skin health (vitamin a source).Based on those ingredients, 612 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract, Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Femalgen by R-Garden

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Femalgen by R-Garden — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Femalgen by R-Garden

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Femalgen contains two active ingredients: pumpkin seed extract and soy germ extract (Isomax-30). Pumpkin seed extract is traditionally used for urinary and prostate support, though strong evidence supports its use only for benign prostate enlargement; the evidence for other uses remains inconclusive.

The soy germ extract provides isoflavones, which are plant compounds with modest effects on cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure, and bone health. The capsule also contains inactive ingredients: rice bran oil, gelatin, glycerin, purified water, yellow beeswax, soy lecithin, annatto extract, and titanium dioxide.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Bladder support formula.
  • We looked for evidence on: Overactive bladder, Interstitial cystitis, Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Urinary incontinence, Bladder health, Urinary frequency.
  • The closest evidence on file: Pumpkin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Interstitial cystitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Pumpkin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Overactive bladder.

For pumpkin seed extract, the evidence supports its use for benign prostate enlargement (BPH)—it's rated possibly effective for that condition. For other uses listed on the label—hair loss, bladder pain, parasites, and urinary tract infections—the evidence is insufficient to rate it either way; we simply don't have enough reliable data.

The soy germ extract shows possibly effective evidence for managing blood sugar in diabetes, lowering cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), strengthening bones (osteoporosis), and reducing blood pressure (hypertension). It's also possibly effective for diarrhea.

These effects are modest, and whole soy foods show these benefits better than concentrated supplements like this one.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Pumpkin Soy

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Pumpkin seed as a food is well tolerated, and the concentrated supplement here is generally well tolerated in most adults. The most common side effects are mild: abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Rarely, anaphylaxis has been reported. Two case reports describe transient hair loss after eating bitter-tasting pumpkin or squash, attributed to very high levels of a bitter compound (cucurbitacin) found mainly in wild pumpkins—this product is unlikely to contain such high amounts.

Soy is well tolerated when eaten as food. The most common side effects of this concentrated supplement are bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea.

Allergic reactions, including skin rash and itching, can occur in people with soy sensitivity. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety data is not robust for concentrated soy supplements; talk with your doctor or pharmacist before use if you are pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Pumpkin Soy

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Pumpkin, Soy.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 612 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before taking Femalgen: MAOIs (antidepressants)—Major severity risk of dangerous blood pressure spike. Blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, thyroid medication (levothyroxine), blood thinners (warfarin), lithium, estrogen replacement, water pills (diuretics), and caffeine-containing products all carry Moderate severity interactions with the soy or pumpkin ingredient.

Use the medication checker on this page with your exact prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Femalgen may help with prostate and urinary symptoms, blood sugar, cholesterol, or bone health—though the soy extract's benefits are modest compared to eating whole soy foods. If you take an MAOI antidepressant, blood pressure medication, thyroid medication, lithium, diabetes medication, or blood thinners, check your exact medications with our tool before starting.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk with your pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Femalgen, straight from the product label.

Brand R-Garden
Barcode (UPC) 653041000906
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2011
DSLD ID 3211
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult Female (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Femalgen by R-Garden, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
653041000906
IngredientAmount% DV
Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract270 mg--
Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract50 mg--

Other ingredients: Rice Bran Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, purified Water, yellow Beeswax, Soy Lecithin, Annatto extract, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 1-2 softgels daily or as needed.

Precautions

Warning: Pregnant or lactating women, diabetics, hypoglycemics, and people with known medical conditions and/or taking drugs may want to consult with a health professional prior to taking.

As with any product, discontinue if adverse effects occur.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if tamper evident band is broken or missing.

Contains: Soy.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Femalgen is a registered trademark of Softgel Technologies, Inc.

General Statements

Bladder support formula

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Contains: Soy.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Femalgen by R-Garden label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Femalgen label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Femalgen by R-Garden

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract

Interacts with
1 drug
270 mg per serving

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...

Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract monograph & interactions

Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract

Interacts with
611 drugs
50 mg per serving Form: Isoflavone Glycosides

Soy is a nutritious bean that is a staple food and a popular source of plant protein and isoflavones. Eating soy foods as part of a balanced diet is g...

Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Bran Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Purified Water, Yellow Beeswax, Soy Lecithin, Annatto extract, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Femalgen by R-Garden Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Femalgen?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
612Drugs
9 Major 344 Moderate 259 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract 611
Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Femalgen interact with 612 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Femalgen interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Femalgen with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract12 drug types · 611 drugs

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Taking soy products containing high amounts of tyramine along with MAOIs can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Fermented soy products such as tofu and soy sauce contain tyramine, a naturally occurring chemical that affects blood pressure regulation. The metabolism of tyramine is decreased by MAOIs. Consuming more than 6 mg of tyramine while taking an MAOI can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis. The amount of tyramine in fermented soy products is usually less than 0.6 mg per serving; however, there can be significant variation depending on the specific product used, storage conditions, and length of storage. Storing one brand of tofu for a week can increase tyramine content from 0.23 mg to 4.8 mg per serving. Advise patients taking MAOIs to avoid fermented soy products that contain high amounts of tyramine.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Antidiabetes Drugs

Soy can lower blood glucose and have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that whole soy diets and soy-based meals reduce fasting glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Also, individuals following a soy-based meal replacement plan seem to require lower doses of sulfonylureas and metformin to manage blood glucose levels when compared with individuals following a diet plan recommended by the American Diabetes Association.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically soy protein may have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Although some contradictory research exists, most clinical evidence suggests that consuming soy protein modestly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Caffeine

Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Soy contains genistein. Taking genistein 1 gram daily for 14 days seems to inhibit caffeine clearance and metabolism in healthy females. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if this effect occurs with the lower amounts of genistein found in soy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, soy might have additive effects when used with diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that genistein, a soy isoflavone, increases diuresis within 6 hours of subcutaneous administration in rats. The effects seem to be similar to those of furosemide. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, soy might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
Soy contains phytoestrogens and has been shown to have estrogenic activity in some patients. Although this has not been demonstrated in humans, theoretically, concomitant use of soy with estrogen replacement therapy might reduce the effects of the estrogen replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Soy products might reduce the absorption of levothyroxine in some patients.
Preliminary clinical research and a case report suggest that soy-based formulas inhibit the absorption of levothyroxine in infants with congenital hypothyroidism. A levothyroxine dosage increase may be needed for infants with congenital hypothyroidism while using soy-based formulas, and the dose may need to be reduced when soy-based formulas are no longer administered. However, in postmenopausal adults, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of soy extract containing isoflavones 60 mg along with levothyroxine does not affect the oral bioavailability of levothyroxine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Progesterone

Theoretically, combining soy isoflavones with transdermal progesterone may worsen bone density.
Clinical research suggests that significant bone loss may occur in females with osteoporosis who receive a combination of transdermal progesterone with soy milk containing isoflavones when compared with placebo, soy milk alone, or progesterone alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, estrogenic soy isoflavones might alter the effects of tamoxifen.
Laboratory research suggests that genistein and daidzen, isoflavones from soy, can antagonize the antitumor effects of tamoxifen under some circumstances; however, soy isoflavones might have different effects when used at different doses. A relatively low in vitro concentration of soy isoflavones such as 1 microM/L seems to interfere with tamoxifen, whereas high in vitro concentrations such as those >10 microM/L might actually enhance tamoxifen effects. People on a high-soy diet have soy isoflavones levels ranging from 0.1-6 microM/L. Until more is known, advise patients taking tamoxifen to avoid therapeutic use of soy products.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, soy might interfere with the effects of warfarin.
Soy milk has been reported to decrease the international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is not known. However, animal and in vitro research suggests that soy may also inhibit platelet aggregation. Dosing adjustments for warfarin may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, antibiotics may decrease the activity of soy isoflavones.
Intestinal bacteria are responsible in part for converting soy isoflavones into their active forms. Antibiotics may decrease the amount of intestinal bacteria and decrease its ability to convert isoflavones.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Soy might modestly induce CYP2C9 enzymes. However, this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
In vitro research suggests that an unhydrolyzed soy extract might induce CYP2C9. However, the significance of this interaction is likely minimal. In healthy females taking a specific extract of soy (Genistein Soy Complex, Source Naturals), blood levels of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, were not significantly affected.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Isomax-30 Soy Germ extract full monograph & interactions

Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cucurbita pepo Seed Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Femalgen, from the product label.

R-Garden

See all R-Garden products
Name
R-Garden Inc.
City
Kettle Falls
State
WA
ZipCode
99141
Phone Number
1-800-800-1927
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Femalgen by R-Garden: Common Questions

Does Femalgen by R-Garden interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Femalgen has a known interaction with 612 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Femalgen contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Femalgen safe to take if I'm pregnant or nursing?
The safety data for concentrated pumpkin and soy supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding is limited. Pumpkin as a food is fine, but there's not enough data on concentrated seed supplements, and the same goes for concentrated soy isoflavone supplements. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
What are the most common side effects?
Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are the most common reported side effects. Bloating and constipation can also occur. These are usually mild. Allergic reactions, including rash and itching, are less common but can happen in people sensitive to soy.
Does pumpkin seed actually help with prostate or urinary problems?
Pumpkin seed extract is possibly effective for benign prostate enlargement (BPH)—that's the only condition with solid evidence behind it. For other urinary issues, bladder pain, and hair loss, the evidence is not established enough to say either way.
What is the soy extract in this product for?
The soy germ extract provides isoflavones, which have modest evidence for helping with blood sugar control in diabetes, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, bone strength, and diarrhea. These benefits are generally more reliable when you eat whole soy foods rather than concentrated supplements.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
Soy may lower blood pressure additively with antihypertensive drugs, which could increase the risk of low blood pressure (hypotension). Check your exact medication with the tool on this page, and talk with your pharmacist before starting—your dose may need adjustment.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Femalgen label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Femalgen’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Soy

Interacts with 611 drugs

Soy is a nutritious bean that is a staple food and a popular source of plant protein and isoflavones. Eating soy foods as part of a balanced diet is generally considered safe for most people...

Read the full Soy monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Femalgen's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 93 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Pumpkin 5 references
  1. Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. DOI
  2. Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:549721. PubMed
  3. Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int 2015;94(3):286-95 PubMed
  4. Assouly P. Hair loss associated with cucurbit poisoning. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 May 1;154(5):617-618. PubMed
  5. Gawryjolek J, Ludwig H, Zbikowska-Götz M, Bartuzi Z, Krogulska A. Anaphylaxis after consumption of pumpkin seeds in a 2-y-old child tolerant to its pulp: A case study. Nutrition 2021;89:111272. PubMed

See these in context on the Pumpkin monograph →

Soy 88 references
  1. Franke AA, Custer LJ, Tanaka Y. Isoflavones in human breast milk and other biological fluids. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1466-73. PubMed
  2. Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, et al. The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:6-11. PubMed
  3. Lu LJ, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, et al. Decreased ovarian hormones during a soya diet: implications for breast cancer prevention. Cancer Res 2000;60:4112-21.
  4. Pino AM, Valladares LE, Palma MA, et al. Dietary isoflavones affect sex hormone-binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2797-800. DOI
  5. Nisley N, Klepser T. Phytoestrogens for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Alt Med Alert 1999 Dec;138-42.
  6. McMichael-Phillips DF, Harding C, Morton M, et al. Effects of soy-protein supplementation on epithelial proliferation in the histologically normal human breast. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1431S-5S. PubMed
  7. Petrakis NL, Barnes S, King EB, et al. Stimulatory influence of soy protein isolate on breast secretion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:785-94.
  8. Baird DD, Umbach DM, Lansdell L, et al. Dietary intervention study to assess estrogenicity of dietary soy among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1685-90. DOI
  9. Duncan AM, Underhill KE, Xu X, et al. Modest hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3479-84. PubMed
  10. Ginsburg J, Prelevic GM. Lack of significant hormonal effects and controlled trials of phyto-oestrogens. Lancet 2000;355:163-4. PubMed
  11. Anthony MS. Soy and cardiovascular disease: Cholesterol lowering and beyond. J Nutr 2000;130:662S-3S. PubMed
  12. Hargreaves DF, Potten CS, Harding C, et al. Two-week dietary soy supplementation has an estrogenic effect on normal premenopausal breast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4017-24. DOI
  13. Lamartiniere CA. Protection against breast cancer with genistein: a component of soy. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1705S-7S. PubMed
  14. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  15. Codina R, Ardusso L, Lockey RF, et al. Sensitization to soybean hull allergens in subjects exposed to different levels of soybean dust inhalation in Argentina. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:570-6. PubMed
  16. Anto JM, Sunyer J, Rodriguez-Roisin R, et al. Community outbreaks of asthma associated with inhalation of soybean dust. Toxicoepidemiological Committee. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1097-1102. PubMed
  17. White MC, Etzel RA, Olson DR, Goldstein IF. Re-examination of epidemic asthma in New Orleans, Louisianna, in relation to the presence of soy at the harbor. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:432-8.
  18. Murkies A, Dalais FS, Briganti EM, et al. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a case control study. Menopause 2000;7:289-96. PubMed
  19. Setchell KD, Cassidy A. Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr 1999;129:758S-67S. PubMed
  20. Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84. PubMed
  21. White LR, Petrovitch H, Ross GW, et al. Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:242-55. PubMed
  22. Grodstein F, Mayeux R, Stampfer MJ. Tofu and cognitive function: food for thought. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:207-9. PubMed
  23. Divi RL, Chang HC, Doerge DR. Anti-thyroid isoflavones from soybean: isolation, characterization, and mechanisms of action. Biochem Pharmacol 1997;54:1087-96. PubMed
  24. de Lemos ML. Effects of soy phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein on breast cancer growth. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:1118-21. PubMed
  25. Strom BL, Schinnar R, Ziegler EE, et al. Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy and endocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood. JAMA 2001;286:807-14. PubMed
  26. Goodman MT, Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, et al. Association of soy and fiber consumption with the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:294-306. PubMed
  27. Wu AH, Yang D, Pike MC. A meta-analysis of soyfoods and risk of stomach cancer: the problem of potential confounders. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:1051-8.
  28. Ji BT, Chow WH, Yang G, et al. Correspondence re: AH Wu et al, A meta-analysis of soyfoods and risk of stomach cancer: the problem of potential confounders. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:570.
  29. Foth D, Cline JM. Effects of mammalian and plant estrogens on mammary glands and uteri of macaques. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1413S-7S. PubMed
  30. Duncan AM, Merz BE, Xu X, et al. Soy isoflavones exert modest hormonal effects in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:192-7. DOI
  31. Morito K, Hirose T, Kinjo J, et al. Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:351-6. PubMed
  32. Persky VW, Turyk ME, Wang L, et al. Effect of soy protein on endogenous hormones in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:145-53. PubMed
  33. Ju YH, Doerge DR, Allred KF, et al. Dietary Genistein Negates the Inhibitory Effect of Tamoxifen on Growth of Estrogen-dependent Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells Implanted in Athymic Mice. Cancer Res 2002;62:2474-7 .
  34. Cambria-Kiely JA. Effect of soy milk on warfarin efficacy. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:1893-6.. PubMed
  35. Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, et al. Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1819-27.. PubMed
  36. Brown BD, Thomas W, Hutchins A, et al. Types of dietary fat and soy minimally affect hormones and biomarkers associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Nutr Cancer 2002;43:22-30.. PubMed
  37. Sun CL, Yuan JM, Arakawa K, et al. Dietary soy and increased risk of bladder cancer: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:1674-7.
  38. Balk JL, Whiteside DA, Naus G, et al. A pilot study of the effects of phytoestrogen supplementation on postmenopausal endometrium. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2002;9:238-42.. DOI
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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