Healthy Vinegar Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Healthy Vinegar against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Healthy Vinegar is a dietary supplement by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for sore throat and cough, heartburn and stomach upset, mouth ulcers and digestive complaints.Based on those ingredients, 1,105 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Licorice, Honey, Crataegus. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Healthy Vinegar contains 10 ingredients, of which we can identify licorice, honey, barley, sorghum, hawthorn (listed as crataegus), and several others — cane sugar, spring water, peas, and red date. Licorice is included for its possible benefits in skin conditions and canker sores.
Honey is added for its possible effectiveness with cough, cold sores, and minor burns. Barley appears because it's likely effective for high cholesterol and heart health.
Hawthorn and sorghum round out the blend. There are no inactive fillers or binders listed for this liquid product.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for this blend is mixed. Licorice is possibly effective for eczema and canker sores, but lacks reliable evidence for asthma or Addison disease.
Honey is possibly effective for cough, cold sores, oral sores (mucositis), minor burns, and dry eye. Barley is likely effective for high cholesterol and coronary heart disease — that's the strongest evidence in the product.
Hawthorn and sorghum lack established evidence for the conditions we hold data on. This product wasn't formulated as a single-purpose supplement, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it fits what you're trying to address.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Licorice is generally well tolerated in food amounts, but the facts caution that high doses or long-term use can cause serious problems — it's unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding. Honey is likely safe as a food for children over 1 year and for nursing mothers, though medicinal use is best discussed with your provider.
Barley is safe as a normal food (though it contains gluten) but is not well studied in concentrated supplements during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Hawthorn is generally well tolerated but requires medical supervision if you have a heart condition, and the safety data advises against use in pregnancy and lactation.
The most common side effects from licorice are headache, nausea, and vomiting when taken orally; honey may cause nausea, stomach pain, or stinging if applied topically; barley may cause bloating or allergic reactions in sensitive people.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your own doctor or pharmacist if you take: nitrates or erectile dysfunction drugs (Major severity — hawthorn may cause dangerous blood pressure drops); blood thinners like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs; digoxin or other heart medications; beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers; sedatives like midazolam; or drugs processed by your liver through the CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4 pathways. Loop diuretics (water pills) and parasitic infection drugs also warrant a check.
No interactions are documented for the spring water, peas, cane sugar, or red date in this product.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a traditional herbal vinegar blend with the strongest evidence behind barley for cholesterol and heart health. If you take any blood pressure medication, blood thinner, heart drug, or sedative — or if you're pregnant, nursing, or have heart disease — clear this product with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Even if you don't take medications, the licorice content means this isn't meant for daily long-term use without guidance.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 13, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Healthy Vinegar, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 679372006967 |
| Net contents | 8 Fluid Ounce(s); 237 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 13, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 279016 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Licorice | 0 NP | -- |
| Honey | 0 NP | -- |
| Cane Sugar | 0 NP | -- |
| Ingredients | 0 NP | -- |
| Barley | 0 NP | -- |
| spring Water | 0 NP | -- |
| Peas | 0 NP | -- |
| Sorghum | 0 NP | -- |
| Red Date | 0 NP | -- |
| Peanut | 0 NP | -- |
| Crataegus | 0 NP | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula
For centuries, Shanxi province has been famous as the origin of the most delicious vinegar in China. This particular vinegar also helps promote our health and is therefore called "healthy vinegar" in Asia. This vinegar has been proven through experiments, conducted by the Chinese Department of Public Health, to help promote healthy blood lipid level. Thus healthy vinegar can significantly benefit the cardiovascular system. It is made from a thousand-year-old recipe that includes the use of important tonic herbs.
Spring water Barley Crataegus Licorice Peanuts Sorghum Red date Peas Honey Cane sugar
General Statements
Healthy vinaigrette recipe Equal parts of Healthy Vinegar and walnut oil or premium olive oil. Salt and pepper to taste. Whisk all ingredients together until well blended. 50% vinegar 50% oil
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
A healthy alternative to Balsamic vinegar
Directions: Use it as a replacement of Balsamic Vinegar. You may also drink the vinegar straight to promote cardiovascular health. Half ounce (14.8 mL) each time, once in the morning and at night.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.5 Ounce(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs Healthy Vinegar contains ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
Through its licorice, honey, barley, and hawthorn (crataegus) content, this product can affect how your body processes or responds to a number of drugs. The most serious interaction is with blood pressure medications called nitrates and with erectile dysfunction drugs (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors) — hawthorn may cause dangerous drops in blood pressure when combined with either.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Licorice raises concerns with blood thinners like warfarin, where it may reduce the drug's effectiveness, and with digoxin (a heart medication), where it could increase the risk of heart toxicity. It may also slow how your liver clears certain sedatives like midazolam, and it can interact with drugs processed through specific liver pathways (CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 substrates).
Loop diuretics (water pills) may be affected by licorice's mineral-balancing effects. Hawthorn adds moderate concerns with beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, blood thinners, and digoxin itself.
Honey carries a minor interaction with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, and may theoretically affect drugs processed through the CYP3A4 liver pathway, though research on that is mixed. Barley interacts with one parasitic infection drug (triclabendazole).
We could not check cane sugar, spring water, peas, or red date — no interaction data is on file for those. Altogether, these interactions span 1,106 individual medications.
Run your exact prescriptions and over-the-counter medications through the search tool on this page before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Healthy Vinegar?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Healthy Vinegar interact with 1,105 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 10 ingredients in Healthy Vinegar interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Licorice Honey Crataegus Barley
AvanafilStendra
How Avanafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Avanafil interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Avanafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Avanafil interactionFinasteride, TadalafilEntadfi
How Finasteride, Tadalafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionGlyceryl TrinitrateNitronal
How Glyceryl Trinitrate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Glyceryl Trinitrate interactionIsosorbide DinitrateAngitak, Cedocard Retard, Isoket, Isoket Retard, Isordil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Isosorbide Dinitrate interactionIsosorbide Dinitrate, HydralazineBiDil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionLicoriceAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Licorice + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionIsosorbide MononitrateAngeze, Angeze SR, Chemydur 60XL, Dynamin, Elantan, Elantan LA +13 more
How Isosorbide Mononitrate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Isosorbide Mononitrate interactionMacitentan, TadalafilOpsynvi
How Macitentan, Tadalafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionLicoriceAntihypertensive Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Licorice + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionNicorandilAprior, Dancor, Ikorel, Sigmart, Zynicor
How Nicorandil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Nicorandil interactionNitroglycerinGonitro, Nitro Time, Nitro-Bid, Nitrocine Timecaps, Nitrogard, Nitrogard SR +7 more
How Nitroglycerin interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Nitroglycerin interactionPentaerythritol TetranitratePeritrate, Peritrate SA
How Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Crataegus + Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interactionSildenafilRevatio
How Sildenafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Sildenafil interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Licorice + Sildenafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Sildenafil interactionSildenafil CitrateViagra
How Sildenafil Citrate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Sildenafil Citrate interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Licorice + Sildenafil Citrate interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Sildenafil Citrate interactionTadalafilCialis, Tadliq
How Tadalafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Tadalafil interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Tadalafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Tadalafil interactionVardenafilLevitra, Staxyn
How Vardenafil interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Crataegus + Vardenafil interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Vardenafil interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Vardenafil interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Crataegus + Abciximab interactionHoneyAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abemaciclib interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abiraterone interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abiraterone Acetate interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Crataegus + Abrocitinib interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Licorice + Abrocitinib interactionHoneyAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acalabrutinib interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acalabrutinib interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusBeta-blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Read the full Crataegus + Acebutolol interactionLicoriceAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Licorice + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Crataegus + Acenocoumarol interactionHoneyAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CrataegusAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Crataegus + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionHoneyAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCrataegusAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Crataegus + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionHoneyAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Healthy Vinegar — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionHoneyCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Healthy Vinegar with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Licorice
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Honey
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, honey might increase levels of phenytoin.
In an animal model, the rate and extent of absorption of phenytoin was increased by honey. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, honey inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the time to clotting. Furthermore, animal research suggests that feeding mice large doses of honey for 12 days increases bleeding time when compared with no intervention. However, these effects have not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Some clinical research shows that honey induces CYP3A4. However, other clinical studies found no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Different honey preparations may have different effects on CYP3A4.
Crataegus
Nitrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.
Beta-Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.
Barley
Triclabendazole (Egaten)
Theoretically, barley might decrease the clinical effects of triclabendazole.
Animal research suggests that a diet supplemented with barley can reduce the bioavailability of triclabendazole when taken concomitantly. This effect has not been shown in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Healthy Vinegar, from the product label.
Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
See all Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs products- Name
- Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs
- City
- Los Angeles
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 90036
- Phone Number
- (888) 558-6642
- Web Address
- www.dragonherbs.com
Healthy Vinegar by Ron Teeguarden's Dragon Herbs: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Healthy Vinegar is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Healthy Vinegar’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Licorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph → Herb & supplement monographHoney
Interacts with 736 drugsHoney is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...
Read the full Honey monograph → Herb & supplement monographBarley
Interacts with 1 drugBarley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad') cholesterol when eaten regularly. It...
Read the full Barley monograph → Herb & supplement monographSorghum
Sorghum is a nutritious, naturally gluten-free cereal grain rich in fiber and plant antioxidants, and it is mainly valued as a whole food rather than a proven medicine. While its nutrients m...
Read the full Sorghum monograph → Herb & supplement monographHawthorn
Interacts with 191 drugsHawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...
Read the full Hawthorn monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Healthy Vinegar's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 175 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Licorice 92 references
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- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
- Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
- Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
- Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
- Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
- Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
- Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
- Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
- Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
- Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
- Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
- Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
- Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
- de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
- Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
- Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. PubMed
- Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10.
- Janse A, van Iersel M, Hoefnagels WH, Olde Rikker MG. The old lady who liked liquorice: hypertension due to chronic intoxication in a memory-impaired patient. Neth J Med 2005;63:149-50.
- Lin SH, Yang SS, Chau T, Halperin ML. An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:153-6. PubMed
- van den Bosch AE, van der Klooster JM, Zuidgeest DM, et al. Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice. Neth J Med 2005;63:146-8.
- van Uum SH. Liquorice and hypertension. Neth J Med 2005;63:119-20.
- Russo S, Mastropasqua M, Mosetti MA, et al. Low doses of liquorice can induce hypertension encephalopathy. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:145-8. PubMed
- Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12. PubMed
- Sontia B, Mooney J, Gaudet L, Touyz RM. Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:153-7. PubMed
- Francini-Pesenti F, Puato M, Piccoli A, Brocadello F. Liquorice-induced hypokalaemia and water retention in the absence of hypertension. Phytother Res 2008;22:563-5. PubMed
- Lapi F, Gallo E, Bernasconi S, et al. Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66:572-4. PubMed
- Chen MF, Shimada F, Kato H, Yano S, Kanaoka M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate. Endocrinol Jpn 1990;37:331-41. PubMed
- Teelucksingh S, Mackie AD, Burt D, McIntyre MA, Brett L, Edwards CR. Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid. Lancet 1990;335(8697):1060-3. PubMed
- Heidemann HT, Kreuzfelder E. Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to licorice ingestion and diuretic treatment. Klin Wochenschr 1983;61:303-5. PubMed
- Hukkanen J, Ukkola O, Savolainen MJ. Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. Blood Press 2009;18:192-5. PubMed
- Bisogni V, Rossi GP, Calò LA. Apparent mineralcorticoid excess syndrome, an often forgotten or unrecognized cause of hypokalemia and hypertension: case report and appraisal of the pathophysiology. Blood Press. 2014 Jun;23(3):189-92. PubMed
- Dehours E, Vallé B, Rougé-Bugat ME, Florent B, Bounes V, Franchitto N. Suspected hypokalaemia following liquorice ingestion on board ship. J Telemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):227-8. PubMed
- Kormann R, Languille E, Amiot HM, Hertig A. Dying for a cup of tea. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Oct 19;2012. PubMed
- Panduranga P, Al-Rawahi N. Licorice-induced severe hypokalemia with recurrent torsade de pointes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013 Nov;18(6):593-6. PubMed
- Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Heinonen K, Pyhälä R, Feldt K, Jones A, Pesonen AK, Phillips DI, Lahti J, Järvenpää AL, Eriksson JG, Matthews KA, Strandberg TE, Kajantie E. Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis fu
- Robles BJ, Sandoval AR, Dardon JD, Blas CA. Lethal liquorice lollies (liquorice abuse causing pseudohyperaldosteronism). BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Sep 19;2013. PubMed
- Chamberlain, J. J. and Abolnik, I. Z. Pulmonary edema following a licorice binge. West J Med 1997;167(3):184-185.
- Barrella, M., Lauria, G., Quatrale, R., and Paolino, E. Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case. Ital.J Neurol.Sci 1997;18(4):217-220. PubMed
- Fugh-Berman, A. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000;355(9198):134-138. PubMed
- Hasegawa, J., Suyama, Y., Kinugawa, T., Morisawa, T., and Kishimoto, Y. Echocardiographic findings of the heart resembling dilated cardiomyopathy during hypokalemic myopathy due to licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1998;12(6):59 PubMed
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., Brouwer, J. T., Niesters, H. G., and Schalm, S. W. Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 199 PubMed
- Lozano, P., Flores, D., Martinez, S., Artigues, I., Rimbau, E. M., and Gomez, F. Upper limb ischemia induced by chronic licorice ingestion. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2000;41(4):631-632.
- Brouwers, A. J. and van der, Meulen J. ['Licorice hypertension' also caused by licorice tea]. Ned.Tijdschr Geneeskd. 4-14-2001;145(15):744-747.
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., and Schalm, S. W. Glycyrrhizin-induced reduction of ALT in European patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(8):2432-2437. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir, H. A., Manhem, K., Axelson, M., and Wallerstedt, S. Subjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquorice. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17(2):125-131.
- Shintani, S., Murase, H., Tsukagoshi, H., and Shiigai, T. Glycyrrhizin (licorice)-induced hypokalemic myopathy. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Eur Neurol 1992;32(1):44-51. PubMed
- Chen, M. F., Shimada, F., Kato, H., Yano, S., and Kanaoka, M. Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Endocrinol Jpn 1991;38(2):167-174. PubMed
- Lee, C. K., Park, K. K., Lim, S. S., Park, J. H., and Chung, W. Y. Effects of the licorice extract against tumor growth and cisplatin-induced toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30(11):2191-2195. PubMed
- Isaia, G. C., Pellissetto, C., Ravazzoli, M., and Tamone, C. Acute adrenal crisis and hypercalcemia in a patient assuming high liquorice doses. Minerva Med 2008;99(1):91-94.
- Bocker, D. and Breithardt, G. [Induction of arrhythmia by licorice abuse]. Z Kardiol 1991;80(6):389-391.
- Tacconi, P., Paribello, A., Cannas, A., and Marrosu, M. G. Carpal tunnel syndrome triggered by excessive licorice consumption. J Peripher.Nerv.Syst. 2009;14(1):64-65. PubMed
- Tu, J. H., He, Y. J., Chen, Y., Fan, L., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Huang, Y. F., Guo, D., Hu, D. L., Wang, D., and Hong-Hao Zhou. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(8):805-810. PubMed
- Goultschin, J., Palmon, S., Shapira, L., Brayer, L., and Gedalia, I. Effect of glycyrrhizin-containing toothpaste on dental plaque reduction and gingival health in humans. A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18(3):210-212. PubMed
- Scali, M., Pratesi, C., Zennaro, M. C., Zampollo, V., and Armanini, D. Pseudohyperaldosteronism from liquorice-containing laxatives. J Endocrinol Invest 1990;13(10):847-848. PubMed
- Chatterjee, N., Domoto-Reilly, K., Fecci, P. E., Schwamm, L. H., and Singhal, A. B. Licorice-associated reversible cerebral vasoconstriction with PRES. Neurology 2010;75(21):1939-1941. PubMed
- Imtiaz, K. E. Sweet root, bitter pill: liquorice-induced hyperaldosteronism. QJM 2011;104(12):1093-1095. PubMed
- van Beers, E. J., Stam, J., and van den Bergh, W. M. Licorice consumption as a cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report. Crit Care 2011;15(1):R64. PubMed
- MacKenzie, M. A., Hoefnagels, W. H., Jansen, R. W., Benraad, T. J., and Kloppenborg, P. W. The influence of glycyrrhetinic acid on plasma cortisol and cortisone in healthy young volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70(6):1637-1643. PubMed
- Bardhan, K. D., Cumberland, D. C., Dixon, R. A., and Holdsworth, C. D. Clinical trial of deglycyrrhizinised liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1978;19(9):779-782. PubMed
- Koster, M. and David, G. K. Reversible severe hypertension due to licorice ingestion. N Engl J Med 1968;278(25):1381-1383. PubMed
- Corse, F. M., Galgani, S., Gasparini, C., Giacanelli, M., and Piazza, G. Acute hypokalemic myopathy due to chronic licorice ingestion: report of a case. Ital J Neurol Sci 1983;4(4):493-497. PubMed
- Berlango Jimenez A., Jimenez Murillo L., Montero Perez F. J., Munoz Avila J. A., Torres Murillo J., and Calderon de la Barca Gazquez J. M. [Acute rhabdomyolysis and tetraparesis secondary to hypokalemia due to ingested licorice]. An Med Interna 1995;12(1)
- Bernardi, M., D'Intino, P. E., Trevisani, F., Cantelli-Forti, G., Raggi, M. A., Turchetto, E., and Gasbarrini, G. Effects of prolonged ingestion of graded doses of licorice by healthy volunteers. Life Sci 1994;55(11):863-872. PubMed
- van der Zwan A. Hypertension encephalopathy after liquorice ingestion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1993;95(1):35-37. PubMed
- Werner, S., Brismar, K., and Olsson, S. Hyperprolactinaemia and liquorice. Lancet 2-10-1979;1(8111):319.
- Nishioka, K. and Seguchi, T. Contact allergy due to oil-soluble licorice extracts in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40(1):56. PubMed
- Yoshino T, Yanagawa T, Watanabe K. Risk factors for pseudoaldosteronism with rhabdomyolysis caused by consumption of drugs containing licorice and differences between incidence of these conditions in Japan and other countries: case report and literature r
- Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, et al. Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;109:182-190. PubMed
- Li J, Fan X, Wang Q. Hypertensive crisis with 2 target organ impairment induced by glycyrrhizin: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(11):e0073. PubMed
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