Hormonal Balance Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by femMED
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Hormonal Balance against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Hormonal Balance is a dietary supplement by femMED with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for liver health and protection, hepatitis, cirrhosis.Based on those ingredients, 1,125 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Milk Thistle, Powder, Scullcap herb powder, Saw Palmetto, Powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Hormonal Balance by femMED
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Hormonal Balance by femMED — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Hormonal Balance by femMED
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
femMED Hormonal Balance is a capsule containing six ingredients. Five are herbal powders: milk thistle (supports liver function), red raspberry leaf extract (traditionally used for women's health), saw palmetto (historically used for urinary symptoms), wild yam powder (contains compounds similar to hormones), and skullcap herb powder (traditionally calming).
One ingredient, chaste tree, we cannot verify further. The capsule also contains inactive ingredients—cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and water—that serve as fillers and binders.
Does it work?
Leans against
The evidence for most ingredients in this product is limited. Milk thistle is rated possibly effective for type 2 diabetes; the other conditions it's studied for (liver disease, hay fever, acne, gambling disorder, mushroom poisoning) lack sufficient reliable evidence to rate.
Red raspberry leaf, wild yam, saw palmetto, and skullcap all show insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for—meaning we don't yet have solid proof they work for hormonal balance, menopausal symptoms, prostate issues, or stress. We hold no effectiveness data for chaste tree.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Milk thistle, red raspberry leaf, and saw palmetto are generally well tolerated, though side effects like mild digestive upset (bloating, diarrhea, nausea) and headache can occur—though often no more frequently than placebo. Rare allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported with milk thistle and wild yam.
Skullcap at higher doses may cause sedation and cognitive impairment. The product should be avoided in pregnancy: milk thistle and skullcap lack safety data, wild yam and saw palmetto are rated unsafe, and red raspberry leaf's safety in pregnancy is not well established.
During breastfeeding, milk thistle and skullcap safety is unknown, saw palmetto and wild yam are unsafe, and red raspberry leaf safety is not confirmed—talk with your pharmacist or doctor before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking femMED Hormonal Balance, check whether you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, etc.)—saw palmetto and red raspberry leaf may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you take antidiabetes medications, hormonal contraceptives or estrogen therapy, hepatitis C drugs (ledipasvir, sofosbuvir), morphine, sedatives or other CNS depressants, or drugs that depend on the CYP2B6 enzyme or glucuronidation for clearance.
Run your exact medication list through the tool on this page.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with graded evidence leaning against its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product combines five herbal ingredients with limited evidence and multiple medication interactions. If you take blood thinners, diabetes drugs, hormonal contraceptives, estrogen therapy, or central nervous system depressants, you need to check your specific medications before starting.
Pregnant or breastfeeding? Skip this product and talk with your pharmacist.
If you're considering it for general wellness, chat with us first about whether it's right for you.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 21, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Hormonal Balance, straight from the product label.
| Brand | femMED |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 629204000014 |
| Net contents | 120 Vegetable Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 21, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 323190 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegetarian, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years) - Women ONLY, Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Hormonal Balance by femMED, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Milk Thistle, Powder | 50 mg | -- |
| Red Raspberry Leaf Extract | 50 mg | -- |
| Saw Palmetto, Powder | 200 mg | -- |
| Wild Yam powder | 50 mg | -- |
| Scullcap herb powder | 50 mg | -- |
| Chaste Tree, Powder | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Water, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
This product does not contain dairy, egg, gluten, GMO, yeast, soy, wheat, colours, flavours, sweeteners, preservatives or chemical additives.
This product is vegetarian and not tested on animals.
Made in Canada
Helps to relieve PMS and peri-menopausal symptoms Hormonal balance is specially formulated to stabilize menstrual cycle irregularities and relieve the symptoms of PMS and perimenopause(including bloating, cramping, and mood swings).
Please allow 4 weeks of consecutive use for optimal results.
General Statements
Phone 905-813-7444 Fax 905-286-1444
NPN 80027750
Brand IP Statement(s)
femMed is a registered trademark of / femMed Canada, Inc.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Usage: Adults - take 2 capsules twice daily on an empty stomach or as directed by your health care practitioner.
Precautions
Caution: Do not take this product if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a sensitivity/allergy to Milk Thistle. Consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you have a pre-existing medical condition, are taking prescription medications, or hormone-containing medications such as progesterone, oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.
Caution: Do not take this product if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a sensitivity/allergy to Milk Thistle.
Consult a health care practitioner if symptoms persist or worse. Some people may experience drowsiness; use discretion with alcohol and sedatives.
Do not use this product if the safety seal is broken or missing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Hormonal Balance by femMED label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Hormonal Balance by femMED
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Milk Thistle, Powder
Interacts with954 drugs
Milk thistle is a popular herbal supplement most often used for liver health, and its main active component is a group of compounds called silymarin....
Milk Thistle, Powder monograph & interactionsRed Raspberry Leaf Extract
Interacts with135 drugs
Red raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scientific eviden...
Red Raspberry Leaf Extract monograph & interactionsSaw Palmetto, Powder
Interacts with174 drugs
Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...
Saw Palmetto, Powder monograph & interactionsWild Yam powder
Interacts with41 drugs
Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for t...
Wild Yam powder monograph & interactionsScullcap herb powder
Interacts with248 drugs
American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally cons...
Scullcap herb powder monograph & interactionsChaste Tree, Powder
Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Water, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Hormonal Balance by femMED Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
femMED Hormonal Balance contains six ingredients, five of which we've checked for interactions with medications.
Milk thistle, the ingredient with the most documented interactions, has moderate-severity effects on several drug types. The most serious concern is its potential to inhibit CYP2B6 enzymes, which could alter how your body processes drugs that depend on this pathway—though the clinical significance remains theoretical.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Milk thistle also interacts moderately with antidiabetes drugs (raising low blood sugar risk), blood thinners like warfarin, hepatitis C medications (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir), morphine, and drugs cleared by glucuronidation (a major liver detox pathway). Red raspberry leaf and saw palmetto both carry moderate interactions with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, increasing bleeding risk.
Saw palmetto may also reduce the effectiveness of estrogens and hormonal contraceptives. Wild yam theoretically might interfere with estrogen therapy, while skullcap may add to the drowsy effects of sedatives and other central nervous system depressants.
We could not check chaste tree—no interaction data is on file for that ingredient. Altogether, these interactions span 1,111 individual medications.
Before you start this product, check your exact medications with the tool on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Hormonal Balance?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Hormonal Balance interact with 1,125 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 6 ingredients in Hormonal Balance interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Milk Thistle, Powder Scullcap herb powder Saw Palmetto, Powder Red Raspberry Leaf Extract Wild Yam powder
AbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto, Powder + Abciximab interactionRed Raspberry Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Leaf Extract + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionRed Raspberry Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Leaf Extract + Abrocitinib interactionMilk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking milk thistle with antidiabetes drugs may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionRed Raspberry Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Leaf Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Scullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionMilk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionRed Raspberry Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Red Raspberry Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMilk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSaw Palmetto, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionScullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Scullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionMilk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionScullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Scullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionScullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Scullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMilk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionScullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Scullcap Herb PowderCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap Herb Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Hormonal Balance — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Milk Thistle, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Hormonal Balance with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Milk Thistle, Powder
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking milk thistle with antidiabetes drugs may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that milk thistle extract, alone or along with tree turmeric extract, can lower blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes, including those already taking antidiabetes drugs. Additionally, animal research shows that milk thistle extract increases the metformin maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve and decreases the renal clearance of metformin, due to inhibition of the multi-drug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) renal tubular transport protein.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, milk thistle might inhibit CYP2B6.
An in vitro study shows that silybin, a constituent of milk thistle, binds to and noncompetitively inhibits CYP2B6. Additionally, silybin might downregulate the expression of CYP2B6 by decreasing mRNA and protein levels.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Laboratory research shows that milk thistle constituents inhibit uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT), the major phase 2 enzyme that is responsible for glucuronidation. Theoretically, this could decrease the clearance and increase levels of glucuronidated drugs. Other laboratory research suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin might inhibit beta-glucuronidase, although the significance of this effect is unclear.
Ledipasvir
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the levels and clinical effects of ledipasvir.
Animal research in rats shows that milk thistle increases the area under the curve (AUC) for ledipasvir and slows its elimination.
Morphine
Theoretically, concomitant use of milk thistle with morphine might affect serum levels of morphine and either increase or decrease its effects.
Animal research shows that milk thistle reduces serum levels of morphine by up to 66%. In contrast, laboratory research shows that milk thistle constituents inhibit uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT), the major phase 2 enzyme that is responsible for glucuronidation. Theoretically, this could decrease the clearance and increase morphine levels. The effect of taking milk thistle on morphine metabolism in humans is not known.
Raloxifene (Evista)
Theoretically, milk thistle might decrease the clearance and increase levels of raloxifene.
Laboratory research suggests that the milk thistle constituents silibinin and silymarin inhibit the glucuronidation of raloxifene in the intestines.
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Milk thistle might decrease the clearance of sirolimus.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that a milk thistle extract of silymarin decreases the apparent clearance of sirolimus in hepatically impaired renal transplant patients. It is unclear if this interaction occurs in patients without hepatic impairment.
Sofosbuvir (Solvaldi)
Theoretically, milk thistle might decrease the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that milk thistle reduces the metabolism of sofosbuvir, as well as the hepatic uptake of its active metabolite.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, the milk thistle constituent silibinin might increase tamoxifen levels and interfere with its conversion to an active metabolite.
Animal research suggests that the milk thistle constituent silibinin might increase plasma levels of tamoxifen and alter its conversion to an active metabolite. The mechanism appears to involve inhibition of pre-systemic metabolism of tamoxifen by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A4, and inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of tamoxifen into the intestine for excretion. Whether this interaction occurs in humans is not known.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a man stabilized on warfarin experienced an increase in INR from 2.64 to 4.12 after taking a combination product containing milk thistle 200 mg daily, as well as dandelion, wild yam, niacinamide, and vitamin B12. Levels returned to normal after stopping the supplement. Although a direct correlation between milk thistle and the change in INR cannot be confirmed, some in vitro research suggests that milk thistle might inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs, including warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro research suggests that milk thistle might inhibit CYP2C9. Additionally, 3 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are CYP2C9 substrates, including imatinib and capecitabine. However, contradictory clinical research shows that milk thistle extract does not inhibit CYP2C9 or significantly affect levels of the CYP2C9 substrate tolbutamide. Differences in results could be due to differences in dosages or formulations utilized.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
While laboratory research shows conflicting results, pharmacokinetic research shows that taking milk thistle extract 420-1350 mg daily does not significantly affect the metabolism of the CYP3A4 substrates irinotecan, midazolam, or indinavir. However, 8 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates, including gefitinib, sorafenib, doxorubicin, and vincristine.
Estrogens
Theoretically, milk thistle might interfere with estrogen therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Animal research suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin binds to estrogen receptor beta.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Theoretically, milk thistle might interfere with statin therapy by decreasing the activity of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATB1B1) and inhibiting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
Preliminary evidence suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin can decrease the activity of the OATP1B1, which transports HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors into the liver to their site of action, and animal research shows this increases the maximum plasma concentration of pitavastatin and pravastatin. The silibinin component also inhibits BCRP, which transports statins from the liver into the bile for excretion. However, in a preliminary study in healthy males, silymarin 140 mg three times daily had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Theoretically, milk thistle may induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes and increase the metabolism of indinavir; however, results are conflicting.
One pharmacokinetic study shows that taking milk thistle (Standardized Milk Thistle, General Nutrition Corp.) 175 mg three times daily in combination with multiple doses of indinavir 800 mg every 8 hours decreases the mean trough levels of indinavir by 25%. However, results from the same pharmacokinetic study show that milk thistle does not affect the overall exposure to indinavir. Furthermore, two other pharmacokinetic studies show that taking specific milk thistle extract (Legalon, Rottapharm Madaus; Thisilyn, Nature's Way) 160-450 mg every 8 hours in combination with multiple doses of indinavir 800 mg every 8 hours does not reduce levels of indinavir.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Milk thistle may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP-B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP-B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that milk thistle inhibits OATP-B1. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are OATP substrates, including sorafenib and methotrexate. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates. However, this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
In vitro research shows that milk thistle can inhibit P-glycoprotein activity and 1 case report from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describes increased abdominal pain in a patient taking milk thistle and the cancer medication vincristine, a P-glycoprotein substrate, though this patient was also taking methotrexate. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking milk thistle (Enzymatic Therapy Inc.) 900 mg, standardized to 80% silymarin, in 3 divided doses daily for 14 days does not affect absorption of digoxin, a P-glycoprotein substrate.
Scullcap herb powder
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.
Saw Palmetto, Powder
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Contraceptive Drugs
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.
Estrogens
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.
Red Raspberry Leaf Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that red raspberry leaf extract has antiplatelet activity and enhances the in vitro effects of the antiplatelet medication cangrelor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Insulin
Red raspberry leaf might reduce glucose levels in patients being treated with insulin.
In one case report, a 38-year-old patient with gestational diabetes, whose blood glucose was being controlled with medical nutrition therapy and insulin, developed hypoglycemia after consuming two servings of raspberry leaf tea daily for 3 days beginning at 32 weeks' gestation. The patient required an insulin dose reduction. The hypoglycemia was considered to be probably related to use of red raspberry leaf tea.
Wild Yam powder
Estrogens
Theoretically, wild yam might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen.
Wild yam root shows estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects in vitro. Theoretically, wild yam might interfere with hormone therapy.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Hormonal Balance, from the product label.
femMED
See all femMED products- Name
- femMed Cananda, Inc.
- Street Address
- 2850 Argentia Road, Unit #4
- City
- Mississauga
- State
- Ontario
- ZipCode
- L5N 8G4
- Phone Number
- 1-866-799-8035
- Web Address
- femmed.ca
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Hormonal Balance’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Milk Thistle
Interacts with 954 drugsMilk thistle is a popular herbal supplement most often used for liver health, and its main active component is a group of compounds called silymarin. While it is generally well tolerated, th...
Read the full Milk Thistle monograph → Herb & supplement monographRed Raspberry
Interacts with 135 drugsRed raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scientific evidence for these uses is limited. It is gene...
Read the full Red Raspberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographSaw Palmetto
Interacts with 174 drugsSaw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...
Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Yam
Interacts with 41 drugsWild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. Despite popular cl...
Read the full Wild Yam monograph → Herb & supplement monographSkullcap
Interacts with 248 drugsAmerican skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...
Read the full Skullcap monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Hormonal Balance's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 109 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Milk Thistle 69 references
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- Anon. Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 21, September 2000. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at: http://www.ahrq.g
- Beckmann-Knopp S, Rietbrock S, Weyhenmeyer R, et al. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000;86:250-6. PubMed
- Venkataramanan R, Ramachandran V, Komoroski BJ, et al. Milk thistle, a herbal supplement, decreases the activity of CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human hepatocyte cultures. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:1270-3. DOI
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- Pares A, Planas R, Torres M, et al. Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial. J Hepatol 1998;28:615-21. PubMed
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- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
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- Kim CS, Choi SJ, Park CY, et al. Effects of silybinin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats. Anticancer Res 2010;30:79-85.
- Sridar C, Goosen TC, Kent UM, et al. Silybin inactivates cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2C9 and inhibits major hepatic glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:587-94. PubMed
- van Erp NP, Baker SD, Zhao M, et al. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:7800-6.
- Budzinski JW, Trudeau VL, Drouin CE, et al. Modulation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers by selected commercial-source milk thistle and goldenseal products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85:966-78.
- Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Toxicol In Vitro 2011;25:21-7. PubMed
- Jiao Z, Shi XJ, Li ZD, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in de novo Chinese adult renal transplant patients. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;68(1):47-60.
- Gurley, B. J., Barone, G. W., Williams, D. K., Carrier, J., Breen, P., Yates, C. R., Song, P. F., Hubbard, M. A., Tong, Y., and Cheboyina, S. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) supplementation on digoxin phar
- Allain, H., Schuck, S., Lebreton, S., Strenge-Hesse, A., Braun, W., Gandon, J. M., and Brissot, P. Aminotransferase levels and silymarin in de novo tacrine-treated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Dement.Geriatr.Cogn Disord. 1999;10(3):181-185. PubMed
- Angulo, P., Patel, T., Jorgensen, R. A., Therneau, T. M., and Lindor, K. D. Silymarin in the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with a suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2000;32(5):897-900. PubMed
- Bean, P. The use of alternative medicine in the treatment of hepatitis C. Am.Clin.Lab 2002;21(4):19-21.
- Hussain, S. A. Silymarin as an adjunct to glibenclamide therapy improves long-term and postprandial glycemic control and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. J.Med.Food 2007;10(3):543-547. PubMed
- El-Kamary, S. S., Shardell, M. D., Abdel-Hamid, M., Ismail, S., El-Ateek, M., Metwally, M., Mikhail, N., Hashem, M., Mousa, A., Aboul-Fotouh, A., El-Kassas, M., Esmat, G., and Strickland, G. T. A randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and effic
- Gharagozloo, M., Moayedi, B., Zakerinia, M., Hamidi, M., Karimi, M., Maracy, M., and Amirghofran, Z. Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Fundam.Clin.Pharmaco
- Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL PubMed
- Sayyah, M., Boostani, H., Pakseresht, S., and Malayeri, A. Comparison of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 3-17-2010;34(2):362-365. PubMed
- Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients w
- Ramirez-Santos, A., Perez-Bustillo, A., Gonzalez-Sixto, B., Suarez-Amor, O., and Rodriguez-Prieto, M. A. [Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to milk thistle (Silybum marianum) tea]. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745. DOI
- Loguercio C, Andreone P, Brisc C, et al. Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1658-65. PubMed
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- Fallahzadeh, M. K., Dormanesh, B., Sagheb, M. M., Roozbeh, J., Vessal, G., Pakfetrat, M., Daneshbod, Y., Kamali-Sarvestani, E., and Lankarani, K. B. Effect of addition of silymarin to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic
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- Marcelli R, Bizzoni P, Conte D, and et al. Randomized controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of a short course of IdB 1016 in the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis. Eur Bull Drug Res 1992;1(3):131-135.
- Vailati A, Aristia L, Sozze E, and et al. Randomized open study of the dose-effect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Fitoterapia 1993;64(3):219-228.
- Marena C and Lampertico M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Med 1991;57(2):A124-A125. DOI
- Grungreiff K, Albrecht M, and Strenge-Hesse A. Benefit of medicinal liver therapy in general practice. Med Welt 1995;46:222-227.
- Frerick F, Kuhn U, and Strenge-Hesse A. Silymarin--ein Phytopharmakon zur Behandlung toxischen Leberschaden: Anwendungsbeobachtung bei 2169 Patienten. Kassenarzt 1990;33:36-41.
- Schuppan D, Strosser W, Burkard G, and et al. Influence of Legalon(TM) 140 on the metabolism of collagen in patients with chronic liver disease--Review by measurement of PIIINP-values. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin 1998;74:577-584.
- Studlar M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. Therapiewoche 1985;35:3375-3378.
- Anon. Adverse reaction: milk thistle-associated toxicity. Nurse Drug Alert 1999;23(7):51.
- Gufford BT, Chen G, Vergara AG, et al. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural Product-Drug Interaction. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015;43(9):1353-9. PubMed
- El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K. Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(2):116-25. PubMed
- Seidlová-Wuttke D, Becker T, Christoffel V, Jarry H, Wuttke W. Silymarin is a selective estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) agonist and has estrogenic effects in the metaphysis of the femur but no or antiestrogenic effects in the uterus of ovariectomized (ovx
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Derosa G, Romano D, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum fixed combination (Berberol(®)) effects on lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients intolerant to statins at high dosages: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phyto PubMed
- Luangchosiri C, Thakkinstian A, Chitphuk S, Stitchantrakul W, Petraksa S, Sobhonslidsuk A. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial of silymarin for the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:334. PubMed
- Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Frye RF, Zhu HJ, et al. The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014;42(10):1611-6. PubMed
- Rastegarpanah M, Malekzadeh R, Vahedi H, et al. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of silymarin in ulcerative colitis. Chin J Integr Med. 2015;21(12):902-6. PubMed
- Di Pierro F, Bellone I, Rapacioli G, Putignano P. Clinical role of a fixed combination of standardized Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum extracts in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients intolerant to statins. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2015;8:8 PubMed
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- Guarino G, Strollo F, Carbone L, et al. Bioimpedance analysis, metabolic effects and safety of the association Berberis aristata/Bilybum marianum: a 52-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Biol Regul Homeos
- Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Gargari BP, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplement: A T
- Lash DB, Ward S. CYP2C9-mediated warfarin and milk thistle interaction. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2019. PubMed
- Malekshah RE, Khaleghian A. Influence of Silybum marianum on morphine addicted rats, biochemical parameters and molecular simulation studies on µ-opioid receptor. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(11):630-638. PubMed
- Soleymani S, Ayati MH, Mansourzadeh MJ, Namazi N, Zargaran A. The effects of Silymarin on the features of cardiometabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7364. PubMed
- Gamissans M, Expósito-Serrano V, López-Llunell C, Valdivieso L, Garbayo-Salmons P. Bullous pemphigoid triggered by Silybum marianum: an unexpected side effect of an herbal remedy. Int J Dermatol. 2021 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15822. PubMed
- Aboras SI, Korany MA, El-Yazbi AF, Ragab MAA, Abdine HH. In-depth investigation of the Silymarin effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of sofosbuvir, GS-331007 and ledipasvir in rat plasma using LC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022;36(9):e5427. PubMed
- Wattanakrai P, Nimmannitya K. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Split-Face Study of Topical Silymarin vs 2% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasmas. J Drugs Dermatol 2022;21(12):1304-1310. PubMed
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