Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

+Immunity NutriFeron Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Shaklee

Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

+Immunity NutriFeron is a dietary supplement by Shaklee with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 305 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Safflower flower extract, Japanese honeysuckle flower extract, Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of +Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “MACH Patented Blend of Interferon-Boosting Plant Extracts” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains six active ingredients designed to support immune function. Zinc is included at a dose meant to address zinc deficiency and support immune health.

Japanese honeysuckle flower extract, safflower flower extract, and pumpkin seed extract are traditional plant ingredients added for their potential immune-supporting properties. Copper is a mineral that works with zinc in immune function.

The MACH Patented Blend of Interferon-Boosting Plant Extracts is a proprietary combination of additional plant compounds. The product also contains several inactive ingredients—microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxylated soy lecithin, carnauba wax, and caramel color—which are fillers, binders, and capsule materials that don't contribute to the active effect.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: maintain healthy immune function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Copper deficiency, immune support, interferon production, cellular immunity.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Copper is rated "Likely Effective" for Copper deficiency (Natural Medicines).

Zinc in this product is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease (a genetic copper-storage disorder); it's possibly effective for acne, diabetes, age-related macular degeneration, and a rare skin condition called acrodermatitis enteropathica. For the other ingredients—Japanese honeysuckle, safflower flower extract, pumpkin seed extract, and copper—we don't have evidence in our data that establishes effectiveness for immune support or the other uses sometimes claimed.

In fact, copper shows possibly ineffective evidence against Alzheimer disease. Asian Plantain seed extract's effectiveness is not documented in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Copper Honeysuckle Safflower Pumpkin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Zinc is well tolerated at doses below 40 mg daily for adults. At higher doses, it can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic taste, and abdominal cramps—effects that go away when you stop.

Long-term high-dose zinc may increase the risk of copper deficiency, which is why this product includes copper. Japanese honeysuckle is often used as a tea with few reported problems, though high-quality safety data is limited; in rare cases, it's caused allergic skin reactions.

Safflower flower extract at food levels is fine, but concentrated extracts have less safety data; at least seven case reports link high-dose safflower oil to liver failure, though the exact doses involved aren't clear. Pumpkin seed extract is generally well tolerated, though it can cause nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and rarely anaphylaxis.

Copper is safe at recommended amounts but can be toxic in excess.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Copper Honeysuckle Safflower Pumpkin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Safflower, Honeysuckle, Pumpkin, Copper, Zinc.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 305 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you start this product, double-check if you take quinolone or tetracycline antibiotics, cephalexin, blood thinners like warfarin or clopidogrel, HIV medications (ritonavir, integrase inhibitors, or bictegravir-based combinations), cisplatin, diabetes drugs, penicillamine, lithium, or birth control pills. These are the medication types most affected by the ingredients in this product.

The interactions are Moderate to Minor in severity, but several involve dose timing or potential loss of drug effectiveness, so your own pharmacist or doctor should review your specific prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you have a zinc deficiency or Wilson disease, or you're looking for general immune support from traditional plant ingredients, this product offers some evidence-backed and some traditionally used components. However, if you take antibiotics, blood thinners, diabetes medications, lithium, penicillamine, or birth control pills, you'll need to check your exact medications against the interactions listed on this page and discuss them with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Because this product contains several interacting ingredients, it's especially important to confirm compatibility with anything you're already taking.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about +Immunity NutriFeron, straight from the product label.

Brand Shaklee
Net contents 60 Caplet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2022
DSLD ID 261123
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for +Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Caplet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Caplet(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Zinc10 mg91%
Japanese honeysuckle flower extract0 NP--
Safflower flower extract0 NP--
Asian Plantain seed extract0 NP--
Copper0.4 mg44%
MACH Patented Blend of Interferon-Boosting Plant Extracts500 mg--
Pumpkin seed extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, Croscarmellose Sodium, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, hydroxylated Soy Lecithin, Carnauba wax, Caramel color

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Patented, clinically tested phytonutrient blend Nutriferon provides powerful daily support to help maintain healthy immune function. Contains a patented, clinically tested phytonutrient blend created by immunologist Dr. Kojima, the discoverer of interferon, who spent decades screening hundreds of botanicals to identify natural interferon boosters.

Gluten free.

Shown in laboratory studies to naturally increase interferon at the cellular level A powerful breakthrough in immune system science

Tableted in the U.S. Product of Japan.

Precautions

Caution: If pregnant or nursing, consult your physician prior to use.

Seal under cap for your protection.

Manufactured in a facility that may also process tree nuts, milk, egg, soy, wheat, shellfish, and fish.

General Statements

Claim refers to phytonutrient blend.

Product questions: 925.734.3638

Brand IP Statement(s)

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Shaklee Safe - Proven 100% Guaranteed Since 1956

U.S. Patent No(s) 6,811,796; 7,381,435

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 2 capslets daily.

Seals/Symbols

Star-K (Kosher)

Formula

Star-K (Kosher)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

+Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in +Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Caplet(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Zinc Oxide

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Copper

Interacts with
31 drugs
0.4 mg per serving Form: Copper Carbonate

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes wor...

Copper monograph & interactions

MACH Patented Blend of Interferon-Boosting Plant Extracts

500 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, Croscarmellose Sodium, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Hydroxylated Soy Lecithin, Carnauba wax, Caramel color. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

+Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against +Immunity NutriFeron?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
305Drugs
271 Moderate 34 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Zinc 67
Copper 31

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in +Immunity NutriFeron with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Safflower flower extract3 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking safflower oil, approximately 55 grams daily for 2-3 weeks, decreases platelet aggregation. However, taking lower doses of safflower oil, such as 5 grams daily for 4 weeks, does not seem to affect platelet function. In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, safflower oil might alter the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that taking safflower oil 10 grams daily for 3 weeks can increase fasting blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, clinical research in patients with metabolic syndrome with or without impaired glucose tolerance shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 12 weeks reduces fasting glucose levels by around 8 mg/dL. Some clinical research also shows that taking safflower oil 8 grams daily for 16 weeks does not affect fasting glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin

Theoretically, safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In one case report, a 74-year-old male stabilized on warfarin developed urinary tract bleeding and an elevated INR after taking a safflower extract 20 grams daily for 14 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Japanese honeysuckle flower extract1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, honeysuckle might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that polyphenols extracted from honeysuckle can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Theoretically, taking copper with penicillamine might decrease the absorption of penicillamine; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
Copper chelates penicillamine, which decreases its absorption and may reduce its clinical effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking copper with contraceptive drugs might increase the levels and toxic effects of copper.
A meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests that chronic use of oral contraceptives increases serum copper levels by a mean of 57 mcg/dL. In most people, this resulted in levels above the normal reference range for copper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Pumpkin seed extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for +Immunity NutriFeron, from the product label.

Shaklee

See all Shaklee products
Name
Shaklee Corporation
Street Address
4747 Willow Road
City
Pleasanton
State
CA
ZipCode
94588
Phone Number
925.734.3638
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

+Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee: Common Questions

Does +Immunity NutriFeron by Shaklee interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, +Immunity NutriFeron has a known interaction with 305 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
+Immunity NutriFeron contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on an antibiotic?
It depends on the antibiotic. Zinc in this product can interfere with how your body absorbs quinolones (like ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines (like doxycycline), and cephalexin by forming complexes in your gut that block absorption of both. Show your pharmacist or doctor the ingredient list and the antibiotic you're taking—they can tell you whether to separate dosing times or skip the supplement while you're on antibiotics.
Will this interact with my blood thinner?
Yes—the Japanese honeysuckle and safflower flower extracts in this product theoretically increase bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product if you take any blood thinner.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
Zinc is rated likely safe in pregnancy, and safflower flower extract is rated likely to possibly safe—but safflower traditionally is used to bring on menstruation, so medicinal amounts are best avoided. Copper is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy. The data on honeysuckle, pumpkin seed extract, and the proprietary blend during pregnancy isn't on file. You'll want to talk with your doctor or midwife before taking this product while pregnant.
Does zinc help your immune system?
Zinc is essential for immune function and is effective for treating zinc deficiency. Whether this product's zinc dose will boost immune health in someone who isn't deficient isn't established in the evidence we hold.
What are the most common side effects?
Zinc can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic taste, and stomach cramps—usually dose-related and reversible. Pumpkin seed extract may cause mild nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort. Honeysuckle and safflower are generally well tolerated, though rare allergic skin reactions have been reported.
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
Safflower flower extract in this product interacts with diabetes drugs. Some research shows it may raise blood glucose, which could interfere with how well your medication works. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product alongside diabetes medication.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

+Immunity NutriFeron label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind +Immunity NutriFeron’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

+Immunity NutriFeron's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 121 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  32. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
  33. Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
  34. Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
  35. Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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