JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by BioAstin
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg is a dietary supplement by BioAstin with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,162 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Boswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract, Astaxanthin, Flaxseed Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
JointAstin contains five active ingredients. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid (a plant pigment) included at 12 mg per softgel.
Sodium, flaxseed oil, and Boswellia serrata whole plant extract round out the formula, along with D-glucosamine hydrochloride. The softgel also contains inactive ingredients—cornstarch, carrageenan, glycerin, sorbitol, lecithin, beeswax, purified water, high-oleic safflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, and tocopherols—which serve as binders, emulsifiers, and preservatives.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for astaxanthin in age-related cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome is insufficient; we don't have reliable data to know whether it works for these uses. Boswellia serrata appears possibly effective for osteoarthritis but has insufficient evidence for hay fever, Alzheimer disease, asthma, and cluster headaches.
Flaxseed oil is rated possibly ineffective for obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and high cholesterol. The evidence on this product's overall effectiveness for joint health isn't established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated in studies, but long-term safety data are limited. The most common side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red fecal color; high doses (40 mg daily) have caused severe stomach pain in a small number of people.
The safety data advises against astaxanthin during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.
Normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Boswellia serrata is generally well tolerated short-term and appears likely safe in pregnancy, but avoid it while breastfeeding.
Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, heartburn, itching, and nausea. Flaxseed oil is generally well tolerated; a small number of users report bowel habit changes, dry mouth, and indigestion at typical doses, while high doses (30 grams daily and up) may cause loose stools or diarrhea.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), as sodium may reduce their effect. Also double-check if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin), liver-metabolized medications, ezetimibe (Zetia), or immunosuppressants.
These are the medication types most likely to interact with the ingredients we have data for.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product combines astaxanthin, a carotenoid with limited evidence for its claimed benefits, with joint-support ingredients like Boswellia serrata and glucosamine. Because of sodium content and multiple enzyme-interaction pathways, it's important to check your exact medications—especially blood pressure drugs, blood thinners, cholesterol medications, and anything processed by your liver—before you start.
Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to see whether it's a fit for you and your current medications.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg, straight from the product label.
| Brand | BioAstin |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 732894035102 |
| Net contents | 120 Vegan Softgel(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 23, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 259711 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Softgel Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 30 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 3 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Sodium | 20 mg | 1% |
| Total Fat | 2 Gram(s) | 3% |
| Astaxanthin | 12 mg | -- |
| Calories from Fat | 15 Calories | -- |
| D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride | 1500 mg | -- |
| Flaxseed Oil | 1000 mg | -- |
| Boswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract | 400 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Cornstarch, Carrageenan, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Lecithin, Beeswax, Water, Purified, High Oleic Safflower Oil, Sunflower Oil, High Oleic, Tocopherols
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Four soft gels per day with a meal.
Formulation
JointAstin supports and protects your joints, tendons, and muscles from oxidative stress during physical activity.
Free of gluten, lactose, and artificial colors. JointAstin is made with Non-GMO Project Verified BioAstin Natural Astaxanthin.
12mg eye formula
Powered by super antioxidant BioAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin Supports healthy joints from oxidative stress during physical activity
Igen NON-GMO Tested GF Certified Gluten-Free Glyphosate Residue Free Detoxproject.org
Certified Vegan Vegan.org
Formula
Formulated by a team of medical doctors, JointAstin features BioAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants known, as well as vegetarian glucosamine, boswellia, and flaxseed oil. These active ingredients support joint health and mobility.
Glucosamine Boswellia Flaxseed Oil
Precautions
Consult your healthcare practitioner before use if you are pregnant or nursing.
Do not use if outer seal is broken.
Contains soy.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Nutrex Hawaii
Copyright 2018 Nutrex Hawaii
General Statements
Made with Aloha.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Seals/Symbols
Certified Vegan Vegan.org Igen NON-GMO Tested GF Certified Gluten-Free Glyphosate Residue Free Detoxproject.org
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size4 Vegan Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Sodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsAstaxanthin
Interacts with671 drugs
Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...
Astaxanthin monograph & interactionsD-Glucosamine Hydrochloride
Flaxseed Oil
Interacts with293 drugs
Flaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil. It may help s...
Flaxseed Oil monograph & interactionsBoswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract
Interacts with952 drugs
Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...
Boswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Cornstarch, Carrageenan, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Lecithin, Beeswax, Water, Purified, High Oleic Safflower Oil, Sunflower Oil, High Oleic, Tocopherols. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg has documented interactions through its sodium, astaxanthin, flaxseed oil, and Boswellia serrata content.
The most serious concern is sodium's effect on blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs): high sodium intake can reduce their effectiveness, potentially requiring dose increases to maintain blood pressure control.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Astaxanthin may decrease levels of certain drugs metabolized by the liver (CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 substrates), though this effect hasn't been confirmed in humans. Flaxseed oil theoretically adds to the blood-pressure-lowering effect of antihypertensive drugs and may increase bleeding risk if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like aspirin).
It also blocks absorption of ezetimibe (Zetia), a cholesterol medication. Boswellia serrata may alter levels of several drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates) and theoretically could interfere with immunosuppressants.
We could not check interactions for D-glucosamine hydrochloride; no data are on file for that ingredient. Altogether, these interactions span 1,163 individual medications.
Use the medication search tool below to check your exact drugs before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg interact with 1,162 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 5 ingredients in JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Boswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract Astaxanthin Flaxseed Oil Sodium
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Abemaciclib interactionBoswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Abiraterone interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Immunosuppressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Abrocitinib interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acalabrutinib interactionBoswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Acebutolol interactionFlaxseed OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionFlaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Flaxseed OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flaxseed Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBoswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBoswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBoswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Whole Plant Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAstaxanthinCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Boswellia serrata Whole Plant Extract
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.
Astaxanthin
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Flaxseed Oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Small clinical studies show that consuming flaxseed oil might decrease platelet aggregation and increase bleeding time.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical evidence suggests that long-term consumption of flaxseed oil can modestly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while other clinical research shows no effect.
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Concomitant use of flaxseed oil and ezetimibe reduces the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil.
In one clinical study, concomitant consumption of ezetimibe 10 mg daily with flaxseed oil 2 grams providing 1 gram of alpha-linolenic acid daily blocked the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid, resulting in an overall reduction in alpha-linolenic plasma levels from baseline.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg, from the product label.
BioAstin
See all BioAstin products- Name
- Nutrex Hawaii Inc.
- City
- Kailua-Kona
- State
- HI
- ZipCode
- 96740
- Phone Number
- 800-453-1187
- Web Address
- www.nutrex-hawaii.com
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg by BioAstin: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstaxanthin
Interacts with 671 drugsAstaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...
Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monographFlaxseed Oil
Interacts with 293 drugsFlaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil. It may help support heart health and provide healthy...
Read the full Flaxseed Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 952 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph →Sources & How We Checked
JointAstin Hawaiian Astaxanthin 12 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 78 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Sodium 38 references
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- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
Astaxanthin 3 references
- Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
- Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
- Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed
Flaxseed Oil 21 references
- Kolonel LN, Nomura AM, Cooney RV. Dietary fat and prostate cancer: current status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:414-28. PubMed
- Ramon JM, Bou R, Romea S, et al. Dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Spain. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:679-85. PubMed
- Nordstrom DC, Honkanen VE, Nasu Y, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized study: flaxseed vs. safflower seed. Rheumatol Int 1995;14:231-4. PubMed
- De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:335-8.
- Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1571-9. PubMed
- Bloedon LT, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk. Nutr Rev 2004;62:18-27. DOI
- Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L, et al. Serum linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to prostate and other cancers: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2004;111:444-50.. PubMed
- Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Zock PL. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 2004;134:919-22.
- Paschos GK, Magkos F, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:1201-6. PubMed
- Harper CR, Edwards MC, Jacobson TA. Flaxseed oil supplementation does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentration or particle size in human subjects. J Nutr 2006;136:2844-8. PubMed
- University of Montreal. Pregnant Women Consuming Flaxseed Oil Have High Risk Of Premature Birth.ScienceDaily, October 29, 2008. Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081027140817.htm (Accessed May 14, 2009).
- Allman, M. A., Pena, M. M., and Pang, D. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1995;49(3):169-178.
- Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;3 PubMed
- Taghizadeh M, Jamilian M, Mazloomi M, Sanami M, Asemi Z. A randomized-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on vitamin E co-supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes. J
- Blackwood DP, LaVallee RK, Al Busaidi A, Jassal DS, Pierce GN. A randomized trial of the effects of ezetimibe on the absorption of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac disease patients: a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2015 Oct;10(5):e155-e159. PubMed
- Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Aghdaei HA, et al. Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:36-43. PubMed
- Downie LE, Hom MM, Berdy GJ, et al. An artificial tear containing flaxseed oil for treating dry eye disease: A randomized controlled trial. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(1):148-157. PubMed
- Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kheirouri S, Golmohammadi A, Moludi J, Jafari-Vayghan H, Alizadeh M. Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic indices in patients with coronary artery disease: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. J PubMed
- Jamilian M, Tabassi Z, Reiner Z, et al. The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(7):792-799
- Li L, Li H, Gao Y, Vafaei S, Zhang X, Yang M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Funct 2023;14(2):675-690. PubMed
- Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Karim YS, et al. The effect of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):
Boswellia Serrata 16 references
- Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
- Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
- Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
- Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
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