Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Neprinol AFD 500 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Arthur Andrew Medical

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Neprinol AFD 500 mg is a dietary supplement by Arthur Andrew Medical with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing or treating magnesium deficiency, constipation, muscle cramps.Based on those ingredients, 537 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Magnesium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend Neprinol AFD” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Systemic and Lipolytic Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Neprinol Enzyme and Cofactor Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Neprinol AFD contains 10 active ingredients across several enzyme and cofactor blends. Rutin is a plant compound; papain and bromelain are protein-digesting enzymes from papaya and pineapple; lipase breaks down fats; coenzyme Q10 is a natural compound found in cells; amla is Indian gooseberry extract; nattokinase is an enzyme derived from fermented soy; and serrapeptase is a bacterial protease.

Magnesium is a mineral, and protease is another protein-digesting enzyme. The capsule itself contains cellulose as an inactive ingredient.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support healthy inflammatory response and circulation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Chronic venous insufficiency, fibrinolysis, blood flow, joint inflammation.
  • The closest evidence on file: Bromelain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bromelain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic venous insufficiency.
  • Also on file: Magnesium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Allergic rhinitis (hay fever).

For most conditions, the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate these ingredients reliably. Coenzyme Q10 is rated likely effective for CoQ10 deficiency and possibly effective for fibromyalgia, migraine headaches, congestive heart failure, and diabetic neuropathy.

Amla is rated possibly effective for acid reflux (GERD) and high cholesterol. Magnesium is rated effective for indigestion and constipation, and also effective for preventing pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.

For the other ingredients and most other uses listed in the product facts, we don't have strong evidence either way.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Magnesium Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 10 of the 10 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 10 of 10.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 10 of 10.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are generally well tolerated at recommended doses for short-term use, though long-term safety data are often limited. Rutin may cause headache, flushing, or rashes in some people.

Papain can trigger allergic reactions including itchy eyes, runny nose, or gastrointestinal symptoms in sensitive individuals, and concentrated papain is not advised in pregnancy. Bromelain may cause diarrhea, flatulence, gastric upset, or headache, and should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Magnesium is generally safe for healthy adults and is needed in pregnancy, but supplements should be taken only under your doctor's guidance; it commonly causes diarrhea and gastrointestinal irritation. Coenzyme Q10 is well tolerated, with gastrointestinal side effects occurring in less than 1% of users.

Nattokinase and serrapeptase can cause gastrointestinal upset. Safety data for amla, nattokinase, serrapeptase, and protease during pregnancy and breastfeeding are limited or absent — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using them if you are pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Magnesium Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 8 of the 10 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Papain, Rutin, Indian Gooseberry, Bromelain, Coenzyme Q10, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 537 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take levodopa/carbidopa (a Major interaction with magnesium), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs including warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel (Moderate interactions with multiple ingredients), diabetes medications (Moderate interactions with rutin and amla), blood pressure drugs (Moderate interactions with magnesium and nattokinase), skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas, quinolone antibiotics, bisphosphonates, or chemotherapy drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a multi-enzyme supplement with established interactions, particularly with blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and levodopa. If you take any prescription medication — especially warfarin, aspirin, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medication, Parkinson's drugs, or muscle relaxants — check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist about whether Neprinol AFD is right for you and how to time it around your other medicines.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 10 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 19, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Neprinol AFD 500 mg, straight from the product label.

Brand Arthur Andrew Medical
Barcode (UPC) 855571001044
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 19, 2022
DSLD ID 263427
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
9 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
855571001044
IngredientAmount% DV
Rutin0 NP--
Papain0 NP--
Bromelain0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Coenzyme Q100 NP--
Amla0 NP--
Nattokinase0 NP--
Serrapeptase0 NP--
Magnesium8 mg2%
Proprietary Blend Neprinol AFD500 mg--
Systemic and Lipolytic Enzyme Blend0 NP--
Neprinol Enzyme and Cofactor Blend0 NP--
Neprinol Protease Blend0 NP--
Protease0 NP--

Other ingredients: Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Neprinol is a proprietary combination of systemic enzymes including serrapeptase, nattokinase, bromelain, papain, and lipase. These enzymes were specifically formulated to support a healthy inflammatory response (from overexertion from exercise), and support the body's normal fibrin removal process. As we age, fibrin may accumulate within the bloodstream. Neprinol may help maintain normal fibrin levels, blood viscosity, and joint health.

Star-K (Kosher)

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Take Neprinol with 8 oz of water on an empty stomach, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Larger amounts may be divided into 2 or 3 doses per day. Maintenance: 2-3 capsules per day. Increased support: 4-6 capsules per day. Therapeutic: 9 capsules per day.

Precautions

Warning: Do not take this product without the consent of your physician if you are currently taking anti-coagulants or if you are pregnant or nursing.

Contains sulfites (naturally occurring from papain).

Keep out of reach of children.

Formulation

Neprinol utilizes phthalate-free acid armor capsules which have enteric properties that protect the enzymes from stomach acid without the use of chemicals and plastics commonly found in traditional enteric coatings.

Advanced fibrin defense Neprinol supports: Normal inflammatory response Due to over-exertion from exercise Normal immune function Normal blood viscosity Healthy circulation Pharmaceutical grade

Neprinol is free of dairy, gluten, and soy allergens. Contains no artificial colors or preservatives.

Non GMO

AVA Certified Vegetarian American Vegetarian Association

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Storage

Store in a cool dry place with lid tightly closed.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

AVA Certified Vegetarian American Vegetarian Association Star-K (Kosher) GRAS Generally Recognized as Safe

General Statements

For more information about the benefits of Neprinol, please call 800-448-5015, visit www.arthurandandrew.com or write to: Arthur Andrew Medical, 8350 E Raintree dr #101 Scottsdale, AZ 85260.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright Arthur Andrew Medical Inc.

See for yourself

Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Magnesium

Interacts with
295 drugs
8 mg per serving Form: Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...

Magnesium monograph & interactions

Proprietary Blend Neprinol AFD

500 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Neprinol AFD 500 mg?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
537Drugs
6 Major 529 Moderate 2 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Magnesium 295

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Neprinol AFD 500 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Magnesium15 drug types · 295 drugs

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin

Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Sulfonylureas

Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)

Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Neprinol AFD 500 mg, from the product label.

Arthur Andrew Medical

See all Arthur Andrew Medical products
Name
Arthur Andrew Medical
Street Address
8350 E Raintree Dr #101
City
Scottsdale
State
AZ
ZipCode
85260
Phone Number
800-448-5015
Web Address
www.arthurandrew.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical: Common Questions

Does Neprinol AFD 500 mg by Arthur Andrew Medical interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Neprinol AFD 500 mg has a known interaction with 537 medications, including 6 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Neprinol AFD 500 mg contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Neprinol AFD if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Safety data vary by ingredient. Rutin, bromelain, nattokinase, serrapeptase, and papain should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding — the safety information simply isn't there. Magnesium is considered likely safe in pregnancy and is actually needed, but use supplements only under your doctor's guidance. Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant, planning pregnancy, or nursing.
What is rutin and what does it do?
Rutin is a plant compound found in foods and used in supplements. Our data show insufficient evidence to rate it for aging skin, autism, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, breathing infections, or hemorrhoids, so we can't say whether it works for any of these uses.
Will magnesium in this product cause diarrhea?
Yes, diarrhea is the most common side effect of oral magnesium and may occur with this supplement. Nausea, vomiting, and general gastrointestinal irritation are also possible. Taking magnesium with food may help reduce these effects.
Does this product contain any fillers?
The product contains one inactive ingredient: cellulose, which serves as a capsule material and binder.
Why does coenzyme Q10 interact with blood thinners?
Coenzyme Q10 has a structure similar to vitamin K, which promotes blood clotting. This may reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effects — a case report documented a patient's warfarin levels dropping when CoQ10 was added. That's why your doctor or pharmacist needs to know if you're on warfarin before you start this product.
What is nattokinase and why does it thin blood?
Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from fermented soy (natto). It has blood-thinning effects and can increase bleeding risk if you also take anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs — a rare case of brain bleeding was reported when a patient combined nattokinase with aspirin. Don't combine it with blood thinners without your doctor's approval.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Neprinol AFD 500 mg label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Neprinol AFD 500 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 175 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Rutin 2 references
  1. Mehta DK (Ex Ed). British National Formulary, Number 37. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London, England, March 1999.
  2. Sun C, Wang L, Sun J, Wang Z, Tang Z. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rutin on hyperglycemic rats. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40(4):640-645.

See these in context on the Rutin monograph →

Papain 11 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
  3. Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
  4. Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
  5. Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
  6. Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
  7. Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
  8. Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
  9. Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
  10. Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
  11. Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed

See these in context on the Papain monograph →

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  16. Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
  17. Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
  18. Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
  19. Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed

See these in context on the Bromelain monograph →

Lipase 1 reference
  1. Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed

See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Coenzyme Q10 40 references
  1. Kamikawa T, Kobayashi A, Yamashita T, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:247-51. PubMed
  2. Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med 1994;S265-72. PubMed
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See these in context on the Magnesium monograph →

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
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  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
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See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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