Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Ormus Flavonoids Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Ormus Minerals

Ormus Flavonoids label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Ormus Flavonoids against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Ormus Flavonoids is a dietary supplement by Ormus Minerals with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for vitamin c source, digestive upset, stress and relaxation (aromatherapy).Based on those ingredients, 961 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Lime Essential Oil, Tangerine Essential Oil, Orange essential Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 8 active ingredients.

Ormus Flavonoids contains 8 ingredients, including orange essential oil, lemon, lemon essential oil, lime essential oil, tangerine essential oil, and camu-camu (a tropical fruit rich in vitamin C). It also includes bentonite clay and ORMUS White Powder.

The inactive ingredient is gelatin, which forms the capsule. These are concentrated plant extracts and essential oils rather than whole fruits.

The product is designed around citrus and camu-camu, both traditionally used for their antioxidant flavonoid content, though the specific health claims and potency are not detailed in the product facts.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The label doesn't state a purpose we can grade — see each ingredient's own graded uses on its monograph instead.

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.

The product facts we hold do not establish effectiveness for any condition. Orange oil, lemon, lime oil, and tangerine oil each carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they've been studied for — including anxiety, respiratory tract infections, common cold, asthma, and others.

Camu-camu's effectiveness data is not on file. Without solid evidence, we can't tell you whether this product will deliver the results you're looking for.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sweet Orange Lemon Lime Tangerine Camu Camu

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Orange essential oil and the citrus oils in this product are concentrated forms, which carry more caution than eating the fresh fruit. The product facts note that concentrated supplements and essential oils of these citrus fruits have not been well studied, so caution is advised.

Lemon in particular can cause heartburn and stomach upset in some people — one clinical trial found that 37% of participants taking lemon juice twice daily experienced gastrointestinal disturbances, compared with 8% on placebo. Lime oil applied to skin can cause sensitivity and allergic reactions, especially with sun exposure.

Camu-camu lacks strong long-term safety data in supplement form. Pregnancy: Orange oil is likely safe in pregnancy, and lemon as food is fine, but concentrated forms and camu-camu are not well studied — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant.

Breastfeeding: Camu-camu safety hasn't been studied in nursing — check with your doctor or pharmacist before using.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sweet Orange Lemon Lime Tangerine Camu Camu

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lemon, Lime, Sweet Orange, Tangerine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • For scale: 962 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting Ormus Flavonoids, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any of these: heart and cholesterol medications (especially pravastatin and celiprolol), antihistamines like fexofenadine, antiparasitics like ivermectin, antifungals like itraconazole, quinolone antibiotics, sedatives like midazolam, any drug that depends on a liver enzyme called CYP3A4 for metabolism, or any medication that's sensitive to sun exposure (photosensitizing drugs). The orange oil is responsible for most of the Major-severity interactions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take any medications — especially heart drugs, antihistamines, antifungals, or anything processed by your liver — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product. The citrus essential oils here have documented interactions with a wide range of drugs.

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, discuss this product with your healthcare provider first, particularly because of the concentrated essential oils and camu-camu content.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 23, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Ormus Flavonoids, straight from the product label.

Brand Ormus Minerals
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 23, 2023
DSLD ID 269152
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
20
IngredientAmount% DV
Bentonite Clay0 NP--
Orange essential Oil0 NP--
Lemon0 NP--
Lemon Essential Oil0 NP--
Lime Essential Oil0 NP--
Tangerine Essential Oil0 NP--
Camu-Camu0 NP--
ORMUS White Powder0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 2-6 caplets daily

Precautions

Precautions: Keep away from children.

Consult with health provider for use of this natural product.

Storage

Keep away from direct sunlight. Keep 6' from (EMF), (Electric Magnetic Fields)

Formula

450 mg

Formulation

100% Natural

No preservatives

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

www.WhatIsOrmus.com

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Ormus Flavonoids label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Bentonite Clay

0 NP per serving

Orange essential Oil

Interacts with
246 drugs
0 NP per serving

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and es...

Orange essential Oil monograph & interactions

Lemon

Interacts with
1 drug
0 NP per serving

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it...

Lemon monograph & interactions

Lemon Essential Oil

Interacts with
1 drug
0 NP per serving

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it...

Lemon Essential Oil monograph & interactions

Lime Essential Oil

Interacts with
886 drugs
0 NP per serving

Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants. As a food it is generally safe and enjoyed by most people...

Lime Essential Oil monograph & interactions

Tangerine Essential Oil

Interacts with
643 drugs
0 NP per serving

Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential...

Tangerine Essential Oil monograph & interactions

Camu-Camu

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Camu camu is an Amazonian berry that is very high in vitamin C and plant antioxidants, which is why it is popular as an immune and antioxidant supplem...

Camu-Camu monograph & interactions

ORMUS White Powder

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Ormus Flavonoids?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
961Drugs
48 Major 913 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Lime Essential Oil 886
Tangerine Essential Oil 643
Orange essential Oil 246
Lemon 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Ormus Flavonoids interact with 961 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 8 ingredients in Ormus Flavonoids interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Lime Essential Oil Tangerine Essential Oil Orange essential Oil Lemon

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Ormus Flavonoids with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Lime Essential Oil2 drug types · 886 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4. This has been demonstrated in rats treated with sildenafil, a CYP3A4 substrate, and high doses of lime juice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lime Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Tangerine Essential Oil2 drug types · 643 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This suggests that tangeretin may stimulate CYP3A4 activity. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase CYP3A4 activity and decrease levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, this effect is unlikely.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include amitriptyline (Elavil), amiodarone (Cordarone), citalopram (Celexa), felodipine (Plendil), lansoprazole (Prevacid), ondansetron (Zofran), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), sertraline (Zoloft), sibutramine (Meridia), and many others.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, appears to increase the metabolism of midazolam in human liver microsomes by up to 52%. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase the metabolism and reduce the effects of midazolam. However, this effect is unlikely.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Tangerine Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Orange essential Oil7 drug types · 246 drugs

Celiprolol (Celicard)

Consuming sweet orange with celiprolol can decrease oral absorption of celiprolol.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that celiprolol levels, after a single dose of 100 mg, are decreased by up to 90% in people who drink sweet orange juice 200 mL three times daily. It's not known if lower consumption of sweet orange juice will have the same effect. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Ivermectin (Stromectol, Others)

Consuming sweet orange juice with ivermectin can decrease the oral absorption of ivermectin.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking ivermectin orally with sweet orange juice 750 mL over 4 hours reduces the bioavailability of ivermectin. This effect does not seem to be related to effects on P-glycoprotein. The effect on ivermectin is more pronounced in males compared to females.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Consuming sweet orange juice can decrease oral absorption of OATP substrates. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Clinical research shows that consuming sweet orange juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. For example, sweet orange juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine, a substrate of OATP, by about 72% and of celiprolol, another OATP substrate, by up to 90%. Since sweet orange juice seems to affect OATP for a short time, recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange juice by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Consuming sweet orange juice with pravastatin can increase the absorption of pravastatin.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming sweet orange juice 800 mL over 3 hours, including before, during, and after taking pravastatin 10 mg, increases pravastatin levels by about 149%, without affecting pravastatin elimination. Theoretically this effect might be due to modulation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by sweet orange juice. Sweet orange juice does not seem to affect simvastatin levels, but it is not known if sweet orange affects any of the other statins.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Consuming sweet orange juice with fexofenadine can decrease oral absorption of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that coadministration of sweet orange juice 1200 mL decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 72%. In an animal model, sweet orange juice decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by 31%. Fexofenadine manufacturer data indicates that concomitant administration of sweet orange juice and fexofenadine results in larger wheal and flare sizes in research models. This suggests that sweet orange reduces the clinical response to fexofenadine. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that orange juice extract inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, increasing absorption and levels of P-gp substrates. In contrast, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking large amounts of sweet orange juice decreases absorption and levels of the P-gp substrate celiprolol. This suggests that orange juice actually induces drug efflux by P-gp or affects drug levels by another mechanism such as inhibiting the gut drug transporter called organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Until more is known, sweet orange juice should be used cautiously in people taking P-gp substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium-fortified sweet orange juice might reduce quinolone absorption.
Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut. Theoretically, the calcium in certain fortified orange juices can also bind to quinolone antibiotics and reduce their absorption and levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Orange essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Lemon1 drug type · 1 drug

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Theoretically, taking itraconazole capsules or tablets with a beverage containing lemon might increase the levels and clinical effects of itraconazole.
In one case report, dissolving itraconazole tablets in a small amount of specific beverages containing lemon prior to administration increased the level of itraconazole in a lung transplant patient. In this case, the increased bioavailability was desirable and was likely due to improved tablet dissolution in the acidic beverage.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Ormus Flavonoids, from the product label.

Ormus Minerals

See all Ormus Minerals products
Name
Ormus Minerals Inc
Street Address
P O Box 513
City
Caldwell
State
ID
ZipCode
83606
Web Address
www.OrmusMinerals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals: Common Questions

Does Ormus Flavonoids by Ormus Minerals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Ormus Flavonoids has a known interaction with 961 medications, including 48 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Ormus Flavonoids contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure or cholesterol medication?
Maybe not without checking first. Orange oil in this product can increase levels of pravastatin (a cholesterol drug) and significantly decrease absorption of celiprolol (a heart medication), so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before combining them. They may need to adjust timing or dosing.
What does this product actually do?
The product facts don't establish that it works for any condition. The ingredients — citrus oils and camu-camu — have been studied for things like anxiety, respiratory infections, and common cold, but the evidence is insufficient to rate whether they're effective. Your results may vary.
Is it safe to take if I'm pregnant?
Orange oil and lemon as food are likely safe in pregnancy, but this product contains concentrated essential oils and camu-camu, which haven't been well studied in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it — they can assess your specific situation.
Could this cause heartburn or stomach problems?
Yes, possibly. Lemon can cause heartburn and gastrointestinal upset in some people — one study found that 37% of participants taking lemon juice twice daily had stomach disturbances compared with 8% on placebo. Lime oil may also cause diarrhea in rare cases.
What's camu-camu, and is it safe?
Camu-camu is a tropical South American fruit high in vitamin C. It's likely safe as food, but the product facts note that high-dose supplements lack strong long-term safety data, so caution is advised with this concentrated form.
Can I take this with an antihistamine like Allegra?
No — not without talking to your doctor first. Orange oil in this product can decrease absorption of fexofenadine (Allegra) by about 72%, which means the antihistamine may not work as well. Your doctor or pharmacist can advise you on timing or alternatives.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Ormus Flavonoids is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Ormus Flavonoids label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Ormus Flavonoids’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Orange

Interacts with 246 drugs

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and essential oil are used in aromatherapy and...

Read the full Sweet Orange monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon

Interacts with 1 drug

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it can support hydration and a healthy diet...

Read the full Lemon monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lime

Interacts with 886 drugs

Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants. As a food it is generally safe and enjoyed by most people, but evidence that lime treats any spec...

Read the full Lime monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tangerine

Interacts with 643 drugs

Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential oil are used in traditional medicine and...

Read the full Tangerine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Camu Camu

Camu camu is an Amazonian berry that is very high in vitamin C and plant antioxidants, which is why it is popular as an immune and antioxidant supplement. Human research is still limited, so...

Read the full Camu Camu monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Ormus Flavonoids's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 44 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sweet Orange 17 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. FDA, CFSAN. FDA-approved potassium health claim notification for potassium containing foods. 2000. Available at: www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/hclm-k.html.
  3. Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, et al. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1095-100. PubMed
  4. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  5. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Munoz C, et al. Reduction of fexofenadine bioavailability by fruit juices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:P21.
  6. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  7. Lilja JJ, Juntti-Patinen L, Neuvonen PJ. Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:184-90.
  8. Tian R, Koyabu N, Takanaga H, et al. Effects of grapefruit juice and orange juice on the intestinal efflux of P-glycoprotein substrates. Pharm Res 2002;19:802-9. PubMed
  9. Vanapalli SR, Chen Y, Ellingrod VL, et al. Orange juice decreases the oral bioavailability of ivermectin in health volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-10):P94.
  10. Huang SM, Lesko LJ. Drug-drug, drug-dietary supplement, and drug-citrus fruit and other food interactions: what have we learned? J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:559-69. PubMed
  11. Koitabashi Y, Kumai T, Matsumoto N, et al. Orange juice increased the bioavailability of pravastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, in rats and healthy human subjects. Life Sci 2006;78:2852-9. PubMed
  12. Takanaga H, Ohnishi A, Yamada S, et al. Polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice are inhibitors of P-glycoprotein but not cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;293:230-6. DOI
  13. Greenblatt DJ. Analysis of drug interactions involving fruit beverages and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:1403-7. PubMed
  14. Bailey DG. Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70:645-55. PubMed
  15. Kamath AV, Yao M, Zhang Y, Chong S. Effect of fruit juices on the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats. J Pharm Sci 2005;94:233-9. PubMed
  16. Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9. PubMed
  17. Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466. DOI

See these in context on the Sweet Orange monograph →

Lemon 2 references
  1. Ruggenenti P, Caruso MR, Cortinovis M, et al. Fresh lemon juice supplementation for the prevention of recurrent stones in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: A pragmatic, prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021;4 PubMed
  2. Umemura K, Katada Y, Nakagawa S, et al. Improved absorption of itraconazole tablet by co-administration with lemon beverages in a lung transplant recipient: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2022;28(8):1203-1207. PubMed

See these in context on the Lemon monograph →

Lime 20 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Roesyanto-Mahadi ID, Geursen-Reitsma AM, van Joost T, et al. Sensitization to fragrance materials in Indonesian cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:212-7. PubMed
  3. Naganuma M, Hirose S, Nakayama Y, et al. A study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil. Arch Dermatol Res 1985;278:31-6. . PubMed
  4. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Bend JR. Bergamottin, lime juice, and red wine as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 activity: comparison with grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73:529-37. PubMed
  5. Weber, I. C., Davis, C. P., and Greeson, D. M. Phytophotodermatitis: the other "lime" disease. J Emerg.Med 1999;17(2):235-237. PubMed
  6. Wagner, A. M., Wu, J. J., Hansen, R. C., Nigg, H. N., and Beiere, R. C. Bullous phytophotodermatitis associated with high natural concentrations of furanocoumarins in limes. Am.J Contact Dermat. 2002;13(1):10-14. PubMed
  7. Garcia, O. P., Diaz, M., Rosado, J. L., and Allen, L. H. Ascorbic acid from lime juice does not improve the iron status of iron-deficient women in rural Mexico. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2003;78(2):267-273. PubMed
  8. Coffman, K., Boyce, W. T., and Hansen, R. C. Phytophotodermatitis simulating child abuse. Am.J Dis.Child 1985;139(3):239-240. PubMed
  9. Adegoke SA, Oyelami OA, Olatunya OS, Adeyemi LA. Effects of lime juice on malaria parasite clearance. Phytother Res. 2011;25(10):1547-50. PubMed
  10. Adegoke SA, Shehu UA, Mohammed LO, Sanusi Y, Oyelami OA. Influence of lime juice on the severity of sickle cell anemia. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(6):588-92. PubMed
  11. Assarian Z, Nixon RL. Protein contact dermatitis caused by lime in a pastry chef. Contact Dermatitis. 2015;73(1):54-6. PubMed
  12. Bamise CT, Dinyain VE, Kolawole KA. Dental erosion due to lime consumption; review of literature and case report. East Afr J Public Health. 2009;6(2):141-3. PubMed
  13. Flugman SL. Mexican beer dermatitis: a unique variant of lime phytophotodermatitis attributable to contemporary beer-drinking practices. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(10):1194-5. PubMed
  14. Galvañ-Pérez Del Pulgar JI, Linares-Barrios M, Galvañ-Pozo JI Jr. Acropigmentation of the dorsum of the hands from preparing mojitos: A lime-induced phytophotodermatosis. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107(3):253-5. DOI
  15. Hemmerling A, Potts M, Walsh J, Young-Holt B, Whaley K, Stefanski DA. Lime juice as a candidate microbicide? An open-label safety trial of 10% and 20% lime juice used vaginally. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16(7):1041-51. PubMed
  16. Mauck CK, Ballagh SA, Creinin MD, et al. Six-day randomized safety trial of intravaginal lime juice. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49(3):243-50. PubMed
  17. Mioduszewski M, Beecker J. Phytophotodermatitis from making sangria: a phototoxic reaction to lime and lemon juice. CMAJ. 2015;187(10):756. PubMed
  18. Rungruanghiranya S, Ekpanyaskul C, Sakulisariyaporn C, Watcharanat P, Akkalakulawas K. Efficacy of fresh lime for smoking cessation. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95 Suppl 12:S76-82.
  19. Swerdlin A, Rainey D, Storrs FJ. Fragrance mix reactions and lime allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatitis. 2010;21(4):214-6. DOI
  20. Ademosun AO, Mohammed A, Oboh G, Ajeigbe OF. Influence of lemon (Citrus limon) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices on the erectogenic properties of sildenafil in rats with L-NAME-induced erectile dysfunction. J Food Biochem 2022;46(2):e14074.

See these in context on the Lime monograph →

Tangerine 3 references
  1. Yuan, J. M., Wang, X. L., Xiang, Y. B., Gao, Y. T., Ross, R. K., and Yu, M. C. Preserved foods in relation to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 2000;85(3):358-363. DOI
  2. Backman, J. T., Maenpaa, J., Belle, D. J., Wrighton, S. A., Kivisto, K. T., and Neuvonen, P. J. Lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of tangeretin and tangerine juice on midazolam hydroxylation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; PubMed
  3. Vilaplana, J. and Romaguera, C. Contact dermatitis from the essential oil of tangerine in fragrance. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):108. PubMed

See these in context on the Tangerine monograph →

Camu Camu 2 references
  1. Vitamin C - Health Professional Fact Sheet — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Vitamin C — MedlinePlus Source

See these in context on the Camu Camu monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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