Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

P.E.A.k Relief Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced

P.E.A.k Relief label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking P.E.A.k Relief against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

P.E.A.k Relief is a dietary supplement by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for chronic pain, nerve (neuropathic) pain, inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 1,527 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Quercetin, Boswellia, Scutellaria baicalensis. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Boswellia” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (124 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Univestin” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

P.E.A.k Relief contains six active ingredients. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring compound studied for joint comfort.

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid. Magnesium is an essential mineral.

Boswellia and Univestin are plant-derived blends whose active components include boswellic acids. Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) and catechu (Senegalia catechu) are herbal extracts.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—hypromellose, maltodextrin, and potato starch—which are fillers and binders in the capsule.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: inflammatory response and antioxidant support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Back pain, Complex regional pain syndrome, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Fibromyalgia, chronic pain — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Magnesium is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Complex regional pain syndrome (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Quercetin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle damage.
  • Also on file: Catechu is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.

The evidence for P.E.A.k Relief's ingredients is mixed. Palmitoylethanolamide is possibly effective for osteoarthritis but possibly ineffective for spinal cord injury; the data aren't established for migraine, carpal tunnel syndrome, autism, or cannabis use disorder.

Quercetin's effectiveness isn't well established in our data—most conditions are rated insufficient evidence. Magnesium is effective for constipation and indigestion, and it's effective for preventing pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.

Baikal skullcap and catechu have insufficient evidence in our data for the conditions listed (anxiety, headache, osteoarthritis, and others).

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Palmitoylethanolamide (pea) Quercetin Magnesium Boswellia Serrata Baikal Skullcap Catechu

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Palmitoylethanolamide is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited; nausea is the most commonly reported side effect taken by mouth. Quercetin is generally well tolerated at typical supplement doses, but high doses and long-term use aren't well studied; it may cause headache or tingling in the extremities.

Magnesium is generally well tolerated and is actually needed in pregnancy, but supplements should only be used under a doctor's guidance in that setting. Magnesium's most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Baikal skullcap and catechu have limited human safety data; Baikal skullcap may cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, or nausea. A specific product containing catechu and Baikal skullcap together (Limbrel) has been linked to serious liver and lung injuries, though that product is not this one.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Palmitoylethanolamide (pea) Quercetin Magnesium Boswellia Serrata Baikal Skullcap Catechu

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Quercetin, Catechu, Baikal Skullcap, Magnesium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,528 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking P.E.A.k Relief, check your medications for interactions with blood thinners (warfarin, anticoagulants), levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet), blood pressure drugs, cholesterol medications, antibiotics (especially quinolones), diabetes drugs, and thyroid medications. The interaction with levodopa is Major-severity; the rest are Moderate.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

P.E.A.k Relief may be worth considering if you're looking at joint support and your medications don't interact with its ingredients—but that's a big if, because magnesium, quercetin, Baikal skullcap, and catechu all affect how your body handles a long list of drugs. Check your exact medications using the tool on this page, and definitely talk to your pharmacist before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about P.E.A.k Relief, straight from the product label.

Brand AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced
Barcode (UPC) 624917084245
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2024
DSLD ID 305919
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), No Allergies, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
120
UPC/BARCODE
624917084245
IngredientAmount% DV
Palmitoylethanolamide600 mg, 150 mg--
Quercetin600 mg, 150 mg--
Magnesium100 mg, 25 mg25%, 6%
Boswellia124 mg, 31 mg--
Boswellic Acids48 mg, 12 mg--
Univestin250 mg, 63 mg--
Scutellaria baicalensis200 mg, 50 mg--
Senegalia catechu43 mg, 11 mg--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Maltodextrin, Potato Starch

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

GMP Manufacturing Quality Assured Independent testing

Supports healthy inflammatory response to reduce minor discomfort

Vegan

Non-GMO Gluten free

AOR guarantees that all ingredients have been declared on the label.

Made without wheat, gluten, nuts, peanuts, sesame seeds, sulphites, mustard, soy, dairy, eggs, fish, shellfish or any animal byproduct.

Product of Canada

Precautions

Do not use if safety seal is broken

Warning: consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, if you have a history of, or active stomach ulcers, if you have or are predisposed to liver disorders or are taking medications or natural health products that may affect the liver, if you are taking anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), or if you are taking other anti-inflammatory medications or natural health products.

Some people may experience mild gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea and vomiting; in which case, discontinue use. Consult a health care practitioner if symptoms persist or worsen. For use beyond 12 weeks, consult a health care practitioner.

Caution: discontinue use and consult a health care practitioner if you develop symptoms of hypersensitivity or allergy, or if you develop liver-related symptoms.

Keep out of reach of children.

To report a serious adverse event or obtain product information, call 1-866-215-0450

Storage

Store tightly sealed in a cool, dry place

Formula

Discussion: magnesium helps in the development and maintenance of bones, muscles, and general good health. Quercetin is an antioxidant and is used for capillary/blood vessel health. Studies show that PEA can support healthy inflammatory response to help relieve minor discomfort. Univestin helps relieve joint discomfort and stiffness, and improve mobility.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: take 1 capsule one to four times a day with food, or as directed by a health care practitioner.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Univestin is a registered trademark from Unigen Co., Ltd.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

P.E.A.k Relief label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Palmitoylethanolamide

No known
interactions
600 mg per serving

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a fat-like molecule made naturally in the body and studied mainly for pain and inflammation. Some research suggests it...

Palmitoylethanolamide monograph & interactions

Quercetin

Interacts with
1,169 drugs
600 mg per serving

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement. While early rese...

Quercetin monograph & interactions

Magnesium

Interacts with
295 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Magnesium Glycinate

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...

Magnesium monograph & interactions

Boswellia

Interacts with
952 drugs
124 mg per serving

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...

Boswellia monograph & interactions
  • › Boswellic Acids

Univestin

250 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Maltodextrin, Potato Starch. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against P.E.A.k Relief?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,527Drugs
6 Major 1,425 Moderate 96 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Quercetin 1,169
Boswellia 952
Scutellaria baicalensis 946
Senegalia catechu 475
Magnesium 295

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in P.E.A.k Relief interact with 1,527 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in P.E.A.k Relief interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Quercetin Boswellia Scutellaria baicalensis Senegalia catechu Magnesium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in P.E.A.k Relief with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Quercetin21 drug types · 1,169 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of quercetin and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Clinical research suggests that a combination of quercetin, myricetin, and chlorogenic acid reduce levels of fasting glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes, including those already taking antidiabetes agents. The effect of quercetin alone is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking quercetin with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Quercetin can modestly decrease blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. Theoretically, it might have additive blood pressure lowering effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.

A small study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine, possibly due to inhibition of p-glycoprotein or cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C8 substrates.

In vitro research shows that quercetin inhibits CYP2C8. Inhibition of paclitaxel (Taxol) metabolism via CYP2C8 has been reported in vitro. However, a small study in humans found no effect of quercetin on rosiglitazone (Avandia), which is also a CYP2C8 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.

A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac, a CYP2C9 substrate, increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5%. Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar), a substrate of CYP2C9. Furthermore, laboratory research shows that quercetin inhibits CYP2C9.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.

In vitro research show that quercetin inhibits CYP2D6. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), a substrate of CYP3A4. Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) and quetiapine (Seroquel), substrates of CYP3A4. Other laboratory research also shows that quercetin inhibits CYP3A4. However, one clinical study shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, a substrate of CYP3A4, and decrease serum concentrations of midazolam by about 24% in some healthy individuals, suggesting possible induction of CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.

A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5%. This is thought to be due to inhibition of CYP2C9 by quercetin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Losartan (Cozaar)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of losartan and decrease the effects of its active metabolite.

Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) while decreasing plasma levels of losartan's active metabolite. This metabolite, which is around 10-fold more potent than losartan, is the result of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9- and CYP3A4-mediated transformation of losartan. Additionally, in vitro research shows that quercetin may inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of losartan from the intestines, resulting in increased absorption of losartan. These results suggest that concomitant use of quercetin and losartan might increase systemic exposure to losartan while also decreasing plasma concentrations of losartan's active and more potent metabolite.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, concomitant use might decrease the levels and effects of midazolam.

A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, with a decrease in AUC of about 24%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Mitoxantrone

Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of mitoxantrone.
In vitro research shows that quercetin increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which mitoxantrone is a substrate. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion Transporter 1 (Oat1) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT1 substrates.

In vitro research shows that quercetin is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of OAT1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values less than 10 mcM. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion Transporter 3 (Oat3) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT3 substrates.

In vitro research shows that quercetin is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of OAT3, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values as low as 0.75 mcM. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OATP substrates.

In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) 1B1-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate and pravastatin. Furthermore, clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the AUC of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.

There is preliminary evidence that quercetin inhibits the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump, which might increase the bioavailability and serum levels of drugs transported by the pump. A small study in healthy volunteers reported that pretreatment with quercetin increased bioavailability and plasma levels after a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune). Also, two small studies have shown that quercetin might decrease the absorption of talinolol, a substrate transported by the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump. However, in another small study, several days of quercetin treatment did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir (Invirase). The reason for these discrepancies is not entirely clear. Until more is known, use quercetin cautiously in combination with P-glycoprotein substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of pravastatin.
In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit OATP 1B1-mediated uptake of pravastatin. Also, preliminary clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the maximum concentration of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Prazosin (Minipress)

Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of prazosin.
In vitro research shows that quercetin inhibits the transcellular efflux of prazosin, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which prazosin is a substrate. BCRP is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter in the intestines, kidneys, and liver. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quetiapine (Seroquel)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of quetiapine.
Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin can increase plasma levels of quetiapine and prolong its clearance, possibly due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by quercetin. Additionally, the brain-to-plasma ratio of quetiapine concentrations increased, possibly due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, concomitant use might inhibit the effects of quinolone antibiotics.
In vitro, quercetin binds to the DNA gyrase site on bacteria, which may interfere with the activity of quinolone antibiotics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Animal research shows that quercetin increases the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of sulfasalazine, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which sulfasalazine is a substrate. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, quercetin may increase the risk of bleeding if used with warfarin.
Animal and in vitro studies show that quercetin might increase serum levels of warfarin. Quercetin and warfarin have the same human serum albumin (HSA) binding site, and in vitro research shows that quercetin has stronger affinity for the HSA binding site and can theoretically displace warfarin, causing higher serum levels of warfarin. Animal research shows that taking quercetin for 2 weeks before initiating warfarin increases the maximum serum level of warfarin by 30%, the half-life by 10%, and the overall exposure by 63% when compared with control. Concomitant administration of quercetin and warfarin, without quercetin pre-treatment, also increased these measures, but to a lesser degree. Researchers theorize that inhibition of CYP3A4 by quercetin may explain these effects. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quercetin full monograph & interactions

Boswellia6 drug types · 952 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Boswellia full monograph & interactions

Scutellaria baicalensis12 drug types · 946 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking capsules containing a combination of astragalus, goldthread, and Baikal skullcap daily for 4 weeks inhibits platelet aggregation; the effect seems to be similar to that of aspirin 50 mg daily. It is unclear if this effect is due to Baikal skullcap, other ingredients, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects.
Baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, has alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Animal research also suggests that Baikal skullcap enhances the antidiabetic effects of metformin. However, in a small human study, taking Baikal skullcap extract did not enhance the antidiabetic effects of metformin, although it did modestly lower glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Until more is known, use cautiously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap and antithyroid drugs may result in additive activity and increase the risk of hypothyroidism.
In an animal hyperthyroid model, Baikal skullcap improved levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggests that constituents of Baikal skullcap inhibit the activity of CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggest that wogonin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, modestly inhibits the activity of CYP2C19 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of Baikal skullcap might interfere with hormone replacement therapy, due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro evidence suggests that Baikal skullcap has estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might reduce lithium excretion and increase serum levels of lithium.
Baikal skullcap is thought to have diuretic properties, which may reduce lithium excretion. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alcohol (Ethanol)

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might alter the levels and clinical effects of OATP substrates.
Some pharmacokinetic research shows that baicalin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, can decrease plasma levels of rosuvastatin. The mechanism is thought to involve stimulation of the activity of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), which transports rosuvastatin into the liver. This decreases plasma levels of the drug, but increases levels at the site of action in the liver. The degree to which rosuvastatin levels are affected depends on the OATP1B1 haplotype of the individual. Baikal skullcap might also affect other OATP1B1 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro and animal research suggests that baicalein, oroxylin A, and wogonin, constituents of Baikal skullcap, can inhibit P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Scutellaria baicalensis full monograph & interactions

Senegalia catechu4 drug types · 475 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Catechu might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting CYP1A2. Theophylline is a CYP1A2 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, catechu might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that catechu has immunomodulating effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, black catechu may increase the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that black catechu can increase theophylline concentrations in the blood, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Senegalia catechu full monograph & interactions

Magnesium15 drug types · 295 drugs

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin

Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Sulfonylureas

Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)

Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Magnesium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for P.E.A.k Relief, from the product label.

AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced

See all AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced products
Name
AOR Inc.
Street Address
30 Industrial West
City
Clifton
State
NJ
ZipCode
07012
Phone Number
1-866-215-0450
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced: Common Questions

Does P.E.A.k Relief by AOR Advanced Orthomolecular Research Advanced interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, P.E.A.k Relief has a known interaction with 1,527 medications, including 6 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
P.E.A.k Relief contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is P.E.A.k Relief safe during pregnancy?
The data on palmitoylethanolamide, quercetin, Baikal skullcap, and catechu aren't complete enough during pregnancy—the safety facts advise against use. Magnesium itself is needed in pregnancy, but only use a supplement under your doctor's guidance. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What is palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) supposed to do?
PEA is studied mainly for osteoarthritis, where it's rated possibly effective. The evidence isn't clear enough yet for migraine, carpal tunnel syndrome, autism, or other conditions.
Can I take this if I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin?
No—quercetin in this product may increase warfarin's effects and raise your bleeding risk. You need to talk with your pharmacist or doctor before taking P.E.A.k Relief alongside any blood thinner.
What's the most common side effect?
Nausea is the most commonly reported side effect of palmitoylethanolamide when taken by mouth. Magnesium can also cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Baikal skullcap may cause abdominal pain or nausea as well.
Does this product have fillers?
Yes—it contains hypromellose, maltodextrin, and potato starch as inactive ingredients to hold the capsule together.
Is quercetin effective for any condition?
In our data, quercetin's effectiveness isn't well established for the conditions we have information on—they're all rated insufficient evidence. The research just isn't there yet to say how well it works.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

P.E.A.k Relief label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind P.E.A.k Relief’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Palmitoylethanolamide (pea)

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a fat-like molecule made naturally in the body and studied mainly for pain and inflammation. Some research suggests it may help certain types of chronic and ne...

Read the full Palmitoylethanolamide (pea) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Quercetin

Interacts with 1,169 drugs

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement. While early research is interesting for allergies, blood...

Read the full Quercetin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Magnesium

Interacts with 295 drugs

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...

Read the full Magnesium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Boswellia Serrata

Interacts with 952 drugs

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...

Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Baikal Skullcap

Interacts with 946 drugs

Baikal skullcap is a traditional Chinese herb (Huang Qin) used for inflammation, allergies, and infections, with active compounds like baicalin and baicalein studied mostly in the lab. Human...

Read the full Baikal Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Catechu

Interacts with 475 drugs

Catechu is an astringent extract made from the heartwood of the Acacia (Senegalia) catechu tree, used traditionally for mouth sores, sore throat, diarrhea, and minor skin problems. Strong hu...

Read the full Catechu monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

P.E.A.k Relief's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 171 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Palmitoylethanolamide (pea) 4 references
  1. Indraccolo U, Barbieri F. Effect of palmitoylethanolamide-polydatin combination on chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: preliminary observations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010 May;150(1):76-9. PubMed
  2. Murina F, Graziottin A, Felice R, Radici G, Tognocchi C. Vestibulodynia: synergy between palmitoylethanolamide + transpolydatin and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013 Apr;17(2):111-6.
  3. Papetti L, Sforza G, Tullo G, et al. Tolerability of palmitoylethanolamide in a pediatric population suffering from migraine: A pilot study. Pain Res Manag 2020;2020:3938640. PubMed
  4. Visse K, Blome C, Phan NQ, Augustin M, Ständer S. Efficacy of body lotion containing N-palmitoylethanolamine in subjects with chronic pruritus due to dry skin: A dermatocosmetic study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(5):639-641. PubMed

See these in context on the Palmitoylethanolamide (pea) monograph →

Quercetin 26 references
  1. Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: A preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urol 1999;54:960-3. PubMed
  2. Starvic B. Quercetin in our diet: from potent mutagen to probable anticarcinogen. Clin Biochem 1994;27:245-8. PubMed
  3. Ferry DR, Smith A, Malkhandi J, et al. Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: Pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 1996;2:659-67..
  4. Obach RS. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:88-95. DOI
  5. Edwards RL, Lyon T, Litwin SE, et al. Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. J Nutr 2007;137:2405-11.
  6. Kim KA, Park PW, Kim HK, et al. Effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:941-6. PubMed
  7. DiCenzo R, Frerichs V, Larppanichpoonphol P, et al. Effect of quercetin on the plasma and intracellular concentrations of saquinavir in healthy adults. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1255-61. PubMed
  8. Choi JS, Choi BC, Choi KE. Effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2406-9. PubMed
  9. Choi JS, Jo BW, Kim YC. Enhanced paclitaxel bioavailability after oral administration of paclitaxel or prodrug to rats pretreated with quercetin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004;57:313-8. PubMed
  10. Vaclavikova R, Horsky S, Simek P, Gut I. Paclitaxel metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes is inhibited by phenolic antioxidants. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003;368:200-9. PubMed
  11. Di Bari L, Ripoli S, Pradhan S, Salvadori P. Interactions between quercetin and warfarin for albumin binding: A new eye on food/drug interference. Chirality 2010;22:593-6. PubMed
  12. Lamson, D. W. and Brignall, M. S. Antioxidants and cancer, part 3: quercetin. Altern.Med.Rev. 2000;5(3):196-208.
  13. Duan KM, Wang SY, Ouyang W, Mao YM, Yang LJ. Effect of quercetin on CYP3A activity in Chinese healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52(6):940-6. PubMed
  14. Wang SY, Duan KM, Li Y, et al. Effect of quercetin on P-glycoprotein transport ability in Chinese healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67(4):390-4. PubMed
  15. Nguyen MA, Staubach P, Wolffram S, Langguth P. Effect of single-dose and short-term administration of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in humans - Implications for the evaluation of transporter-mediated flavonoid-drug interactions. Eur J Pha PubMed
  16. Wu LX, Guo CX, Chen WQ, et al. Inhibition of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 by quercetin: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;73(5):750-7.
  17. Ahrens MJ, Thompson DL. Effect of emulin on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics. J Med Food. 2013;16(3):211-5. PubMed
  18. Larson A, Witman MA, Guo Y, et al. Acute, quercetin-induced reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals are not secondary to lower plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or endothelin-1: nitric oxide. Nutr Res. 2012;32(8):557-64. PubMed
  19. Bedada SK, Neerati P. Evaluation of the effect of quercetin treatment on CYP2C9 enzyme activity of diclofenac in healthy human volunteers. Phytother Res. 2018 Feb;32(2):305-311. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5978. PubMed
  20. Zhao Q, Wei J, Zhang H. Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats. Xenobiotica 2019;49(5):563-8. PubMed
  21. Bhutani P, Rajanna PK, Paul AT. Impact of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: insights from in-vivo studies in wistar rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-7.
  22. Li C, Wang X, Bi Y, et al. Potent Inhibitors of Organic Anion Transporters 1 and 3 From Natural Compounds and Their Protective Effect on Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy. Toxicol Sci. 2020;175(2):279-291. PubMed
  23. Ni Y, Duan Z, Zhou D, et al. Identification of Structural Features for the Inhibition of OAT3-Mediated Uptake of Enalaprilat by Selected Drugs and Flavonoids. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:802. PubMed
  24. Song YK, Yoon JH, Woo JK, et al. Quercetin is a flavonoid breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor with an impact on the oral pharmacokinetics of sulfasalazine in rats. Pharmaceutics 2020;12(5):397. PubMed
  25. Ahmad E, Jahangir M, Ismail MA, et al. Influence of quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Curr Drug Saf 2022. PubMed
  26. Nambiar A, Kellogg D 3rd, Justice J, et al. Senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results of a phase I, single-blind, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial on feasibility and tolerability. EBioMedicine 20 PubMed

See these in context on the Quercetin monograph →

Magnesium 82 references
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  2. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  3. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
  6. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  7. Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
  8. Ryan MP. Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. Am J Med 1987;82:38-47.. PubMed
  9. Hollifield JW. Magnesium depletion, diuretics, and arrhythmias. Am J Med 1987;82:30-7.. PubMed
  10. Heidenreich O. Mode of action of conventional and potassium-sparing diuretics--aspects with relevance to Mg-sparing effects. Magnesium 1984;3:248-56..
  11. Pfaffenrath V, Wessely P, Meyer C, et al. Magnesium in the prophylaxis of migraine--a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:436-40.. PubMed
  12. Wang F, Van Den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM, et al. Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 2003;43:601-10.. PubMed
  13. Sompolinsky D, Samra Z. Influence of magnesium and manganese on some biological and physical properties of tetracycline. J Bacteriol 1972;110:468-76.. PubMed
  14. Jeyabalan A, Caritis SN. Pharmacologic inhibition of preterm labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2002;45:99-113. PubMed
  15. Mittendorf R, Dambrosia J, Pryde PG, et al. Association between the use of antenatal magnesium sulfate in preterm labor and adverse health outcomes in infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1111-8.. PubMed
  16. Witlin AG, Sibai BM. Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:883-9.. DOI
  17. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Doyle LW. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;4:CD001060. . PubMed
  18. Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:347-53.. PubMed
  19. L'Hommedieu CS, Nicholas D, Armes DA, et al. Potentiation of magnesium sulfate--induced neuromuscular weakness by gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. J Pediatr 1983;102:629-31..
  20. Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Risedronate: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use in resorptive bone disease. Drugs 2001;61:685-712..
  21. Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:411-8. PubMed
  22. Koontz SL, Friedman SA, Schwartz ML. Symptomatic hypocalcemia after tocolytic therapy with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(6):1773-6. PubMed
  23. Snyder SW, Cardwell MS. Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(1):35-6. PubMed
  24. Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Cámera MI, et al. Magnesium plus nifedipine: potentiation of hypotensive effect in preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(2):308-9. PubMed
  25. Brown DD, Juhl RP. Decreased bioavailability of digoxin due to antacids and kaolin-pectin. N Engl J Med. 1976;295(19):1034-7. PubMed
  26. Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, et al. Effect of magnesium--aluminum hydroxide and kaolin--pectin on absorption of digoxin from tablets and capsules. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21(1):26-30. PubMed
  27. Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an in vitro study. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76(1):88-93. DOI
  28. Ravn HB, Kristensen SD, Vissinger H, et al. Magnesium inhibits human platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1996;7(2):241-4. PubMed
  29. Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an infusion study in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost. 1996;75(6):939-44. DOI
  30. Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. The effects of magnesium hydroxide on the absorption and efficacy of two glibenclamide preparations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;32(2):215-20. PubMed
  31. Kivistö KT, Neuvonen PJ. Enhancement of absorption and effect of glipizide by magnesium hydroxide. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991;49(1):39-43. PubMed
  32. Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. Enhancement of drug absorption by antacids. An unrecognised drug interaction. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994;27(2):120-8. PubMed
  33. Shechter, M., Merz, C. N., Paul-Labrador, M., Meisel, S. R., Rude, R. K., Molloy, M. D., Dwyer, J. H., Shah, P. K., and Kaul, S. Beneficial antithrombotic effects of the association of pharmacological oral magnesium therapy with aspirin in coronary heart
  34. Ganzevoort, J. W., Hoogerwaard, E. M., and van der Post, J. A. [Hypocalcemic delirium due to magnesium sulphate therapy in a pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 8-3-2002;146(31):1453-1456.
  35. Horner, S. M. Efficacy of intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction in reducing arrhythmias and mortality. Meta-analysis of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;86(3):774-779. PubMed
  36. Azria, E., Tsatsaris, V., Goffinet, F., Kayem, G., Mignon, A., and Cabrol, D. [Magnesium sulfate in obstetrics: current data]. J Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2004;33(6 Pt 1):510-517.
  37. Magee, L. A., Miremadi, S., Li, J., Cheng, C., Ensom, M. H., Carleton, B., Cote, A. M., and von Dadelszen, P. Therapy with both magnesium sulfate and nifedipine does not increase the risk of serious magnesium-related maternal side effects in women with p
  38. Henyan, N. N., Gillespie, E. L., White, C. M., Kluger, J., and Coleman, C. I. Impact of intravenous magnesium on post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 2005;80(6):2402-2406. PubMed
  39. Li, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, M., and Egger, M. Intravenous magnesium for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(2):CD002755. PubMed
  40. Doyle, L. W., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., Marret, S., and Rouse, D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004661. PubMed
  41. Han, S., Crowther, C. A., and Moore, V. Magnesium maintenance therapy for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(7):CD000940. PubMed
  42. Duley, L., Gulmezoglu, A. M., Henderson-Smart, D. J., and Chou, D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(11):CD000025. PubMed
  43. Conde-Agudelo, A., Romero, R., and Kusanovic, J. P. Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. 2011;204(2):134-20. PubMed
  44. Wong, G. K., Boet, R., Poon, W. S., Chan, M. T., Gin, T., Ng, S. C., and Zee, B. C. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011;15(1):R52. PubMed
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Boswellia Serrata 16 references
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Baikal Skullcap 34 references
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Catechu 9 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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