Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ParaGONE 2 For Kids Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Renew Life

ParaGONE 2 For Kids label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking ParaGONE 2 For Kids against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

ParaGONE 2 For Kids is a dietary supplement by Renew Life with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for intestinal parasites and worms, digestive complaints, antimicrobial and antifungal support.Based on those ingredients, 2,156 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow extract, Clove extract, Orange peel extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

ParaGONE 2 For Kids contains 5 active ingredients: black walnut extract, marshmallow extract, orange peel extract, wormwood extract, and clove extract. The liquid form also includes vegetable glycerin, filtered water, natural cherry flavor, and grapefruit seed extract as inactive ingredients.

Each of these botanicals has a traditional role in herbal cleansing formulas, though the evidence for how well they work isn't firmly established in the data we hold for most of them.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Internal cleansing system for children.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Gastritis, Nausea and vomiting — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Clove is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Diarrhea (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Clove is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Nausea and vomiting.
  • Also on file: Wormwood is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia, Gastritis.

The evidence we hold doesn't establish clear effectiveness for ParaGONE 2 For Kids. Black walnut, marshmallow, wormwood, and clove all carry effectiveness ratings of insufficient reliable evidence or possibly effective for specific uses — such as clove possibly being effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia, which isn't relevant to this product's intended use in kids.

We don't have effectiveness data on file for orange peel extract. If you're considering this product for a specific health goal, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about what the actual evidence shows.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Marshmallow Sweet Orange Wormwood Clove

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Black walnut, marshmallow, and wormwood all carry cautions about limited human safety data, especially for long-term use in children. Black walnut leaf, bark, and hull can cause stomach upset due to their tannin content, and there's a historical association between daily English walnut bark and tongue cancer risk.

Wormwood contains thujone, a neurotoxin, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and in rare cases serious effects like kidney damage or seizures — it's unsafe in pregnancy. Clove is well tolerated as a food spice but concentrated clove oil can be toxic in children at doses as low as 5–10 mL; the product's cherry flavor may mask taste.

Black walnut, marshmallow, and wormwood are all best avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data; clove is considered likely safe in pregnancy but data on medicinal doses during breastfeeding are limited.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Marshmallow Sweet Orange Wormwood Clove

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Wormwood, Marshmallow, Sweet Orange.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,157 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this product (especially to a child) or taking it yourself, double-check Moderate-severity interactions with seizure medications (anticonvulsants), mood stabilizers like lithium, and any drugs processed by your liver's CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, or CYP2C9 enzymes — a large group that includes many common prescriptions. Also flag diabetes medications and blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs due to Minor interactions.

Use the medication checker on this page to verify your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a multi-ingredient herbal product with limited evidence of effectiveness and several important medication interactions, especially involving liver enzymes and seizure drugs. It's not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding parents.

If your child is on any prescription medications — or if you're an adult considering it — check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before starting, and talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether it's appropriate.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 24, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ParaGONE 2 For Kids, straight from the product label.

Brand Renew Life
Net contents 1 fl. Oz.; 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 24, 2016
DSLD ID 58009
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegetarian, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.33 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.66 mL
Servings per container
90
IngredientAmount% DV
Black Walnut extract25 mg--
Marshmallow extract10 mg--
Orange peel extract10 mg--
Wormwood extract10 mg--
Clove extract10 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, filtered Water, natural Cherry flavor, Grapefruit seed extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Internal Cleansing System*

Manufactured in a GMP facility

Quality and Purity Guaranteed MADE IN USA

Brand IP Statement(s)

RENEW LIFE The Digestive Care Company

Formulation

Gluten-Free

Alcohol free.

Contains no gluten, yeast, soy, salt, dairy, animal products or artificial ingredients

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

TAMPER EVIDENT: DO NOT USE IF SAFETY SEAL IS BROKEN OR MISSING.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

WARNING: Consult your physician before using this or any product if your child is taking medication or has a medical condition.

Discontinue use if abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting occur, unless directed by your physician.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: ParaGONE 1 and ParaGONE 2 are designed to be taken together. Children ages 4 to 8: Take 5 drops twice daily. Children ages 9 to 12: Take 10 drops twice daily. Take on an empty stomach; allow 30 minutes before eating. Use as directed for 15 days, followed by a 5-day rest period, then followed by 1-3 repetitions as needed. Repeat cycle as needed. Drink plenty of water while using this product. Please read accompanying literature prior to using this product.

Storage

Store in a dry place at 59-86(0)F (15-30(0)C).

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

0112

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

ParaGONE 2 For Kids label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.33 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Black Walnut extract

No known
interactions
25 mg per serving

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these us...

Black Walnut extract monograph & interactions

Marshmallow extract

Interacts with
2,040 drugs
10 mg per serving

Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats,...

Marshmallow extract monograph & interactions

Orange peel extract

Interacts with
246 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and es...

Orange peel extract monograph & interactions

Wormwood extract

Interacts with
50 drugs
10 mg per serving

Wormwood is a very bitter herb traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease digestion, and it has early research interest in Crohn's disease. It...

Wormwood extract monograph & interactions

Clove extract

Interacts with
977 drugs
10 mg per serving

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main com...

Clove extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Filtered Water, Natural Cherry flavor, Grapefruit seed extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ParaGONE 2 For Kids?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,156Drugs
48 Major 996 Moderate 1,112 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Marshmallow extract 2,040
Clove extract 977
Orange peel extract 246
Wormwood extract 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in ParaGONE 2 For Kids interact with 2,156 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in ParaGONE 2 For Kids interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow extract Clove extract Orange peel extract Wormwood extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ParaGONE 2 For Kids with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Marshmallow extract3 drug types · 2,040 drugs

Lithium

Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Marshmallow extract full monograph & interactions

Clove extract7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove extract full monograph & interactions

Orange peel extract7 drug types · 246 drugs

Celiprolol (Celicard)

Consuming sweet orange with celiprolol can decrease oral absorption of celiprolol.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that celiprolol levels, after a single dose of 100 mg, are decreased by up to 90% in people who drink sweet orange juice 200 mL three times daily. It's not known if lower consumption of sweet orange juice will have the same effect. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Ivermectin (Stromectol, Others)

Consuming sweet orange juice with ivermectin can decrease the oral absorption of ivermectin.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking ivermectin orally with sweet orange juice 750 mL over 4 hours reduces the bioavailability of ivermectin. This effect does not seem to be related to effects on P-glycoprotein. The effect on ivermectin is more pronounced in males compared to females.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Consuming sweet orange juice can decrease oral absorption of OATP substrates. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Clinical research shows that consuming sweet orange juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. For example, sweet orange juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine, a substrate of OATP, by about 72% and of celiprolol, another OATP substrate, by up to 90%. Since sweet orange juice seems to affect OATP for a short time, recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange juice by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Consuming sweet orange juice with pravastatin can increase the absorption of pravastatin.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming sweet orange juice 800 mL over 3 hours, including before, during, and after taking pravastatin 10 mg, increases pravastatin levels by about 149%, without affecting pravastatin elimination. Theoretically this effect might be due to modulation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by sweet orange juice. Sweet orange juice does not seem to affect simvastatin levels, but it is not known if sweet orange affects any of the other statins.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Consuming sweet orange juice with fexofenadine can decrease oral absorption of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that coadministration of sweet orange juice 1200 mL decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 72%. In an animal model, sweet orange juice decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by 31%. Fexofenadine manufacturer data indicates that concomitant administration of sweet orange juice and fexofenadine results in larger wheal and flare sizes in research models. This suggests that sweet orange reduces the clinical response to fexofenadine. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that orange juice extract inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, increasing absorption and levels of P-gp substrates. In contrast, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking large amounts of sweet orange juice decreases absorption and levels of the P-gp substrate celiprolol. This suggests that orange juice actually induces drug efflux by P-gp or affects drug levels by another mechanism such as inhibiting the gut drug transporter called organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Until more is known, sweet orange juice should be used cautiously in people taking P-gp substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium-fortified sweet orange juice might reduce quinolone absorption.
Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut. Theoretically, the calcium in certain fortified orange juices can also bind to quinolone antibiotics and reduce their absorption and levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Orange peel extract full monograph & interactions

Wormwood extract1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, taking wormwood might interfere with the effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Thujone, a constituent of wormwood, has convulsant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Wormwood extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ParaGONE 2 For Kids, from the product label.

Renew Life

Name
ReNew Life Formulas
City
Palm Harbor
State
FL
ZipCode
34683
Phone Number
1-800-830-1800
Web Address
www.renewlife.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life: Common Questions

Does ParaGONE 2 For Kids by Renew Life interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ParaGONE 2 For Kids has a known interaction with 2,156 medications, including 48 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ParaGONE 2 For Kids contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I give this to my child if they're on seizure medication?
No — wormwood extract in this product has a documented Moderate interaction with seizure medications and may interfere with how they work. Talk to your child's doctor before considering any new supplement.
What does black walnut extract do?
Black walnut has been used traditionally in herbal formulas, but the evidence we hold doesn't clearly show it works for any specific condition. Its leaf, bark, and hull can cause stomach upset due to tannin content.
Is clove extract safe for kids?
Clove is well tolerated in food amounts, but concentrated clove oil can be toxic in children — doses as low as 5–10 mL have caused serious effects. This liquid product is a supplement, not a food spice, so talk with your pediatrician first.
Can I use this while breastfeeding?
No — black walnut, marshmallow, and wormwood all should be avoided while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Clove data are limited for medicinal doses during breastfeeding. Check with your doctor or pharmacist.
What does wormwood extract do?
Wormwood has been used for digestive and other purposes, but the evidence we hold doesn't firmly establish it works. It contains thujone, a neurotoxin, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and (rarely) serious effects like seizures.
Will this affect how my medications work?
Yes — potentially. Clove can inhibit liver enzymes that break down many drugs, raising their levels. Wormwood may interfere with seizure medications. Marshmallow might affect lithium and oral drug absorption. Use the checker on this page with your exact medications.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ParaGONE 2 For Kids label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind ParaGONE 2 For Kids’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Walnut

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...

Read the full Black Walnut monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Marshmallow

Interacts with 2,040 drugs

Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...

Read the full Marshmallow monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Orange

Interacts with 246 drugs

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and essential oil are used in aromatherapy and...

Read the full Sweet Orange monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Wormwood

Interacts with 50 drugs

Wormwood is a very bitter herb traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease digestion, and it has early research interest in Crohn's disease. It contains thujone, which can be toxic in...

Read the full Wormwood monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ParaGONE 2 For Kids's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 61 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Walnut 3 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor

See these in context on the Black Walnut monograph →

Marshmallow 5 references
  1. Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Pharm Biol 2011;49(3):327-33.

See these in context on the Marshmallow monograph →

Sweet Orange 17 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. FDA, CFSAN. FDA-approved potassium health claim notification for potassium containing foods. 2000. Available at: www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/hclm-k.html.
  3. Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, et al. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1095-100. PubMed
  4. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  5. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Munoz C, et al. Reduction of fexofenadine bioavailability by fruit juices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:P21.
  6. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  7. Lilja JJ, Juntti-Patinen L, Neuvonen PJ. Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:184-90.
  8. Tian R, Koyabu N, Takanaga H, et al. Effects of grapefruit juice and orange juice on the intestinal efflux of P-glycoprotein substrates. Pharm Res 2002;19:802-9. PubMed
  9. Vanapalli SR, Chen Y, Ellingrod VL, et al. Orange juice decreases the oral bioavailability of ivermectin in health volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-10):P94.
  10. Huang SM, Lesko LJ. Drug-drug, drug-dietary supplement, and drug-citrus fruit and other food interactions: what have we learned? J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:559-69. PubMed
  11. Koitabashi Y, Kumai T, Matsumoto N, et al. Orange juice increased the bioavailability of pravastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, in rats and healthy human subjects. Life Sci 2006;78:2852-9. PubMed
  12. Takanaga H, Ohnishi A, Yamada S, et al. Polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice are inhibitors of P-glycoprotein but not cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;293:230-6. DOI
  13. Greenblatt DJ. Analysis of drug interactions involving fruit beverages and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:1403-7. PubMed
  14. Bailey DG. Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70:645-55. PubMed
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Wormwood 10 references
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See these in context on the Wormwood monograph →

Clove 26 references
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See these in context on the Clove monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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