Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Solgar

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Peak ATP with CoQ-10 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 is a dietary supplement by Solgar with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 278 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Coenzyme Q-10, PEAK ATP. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This tablet contains three active ingredients. Sodium is an essential mineral your body uses for nerve signals and fluid balance, though this product's sodium content is a consideration if you're monitoring intake for blood pressure or heart health.

Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) is an antioxidant compound your cells make naturally and use for energy production; it's often lower in people taking certain medications. PEAK ATP is a form of adenosine—a compound involved in cellular energy and heart rhythm—derived from the adenine nucleotide family.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients: dicalcium phosphate, methacrylic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable cellulose, silica, glyceryl triacetate, and vegetable magnesium stearate, which are fillers, binders, and coating materials.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cardiovascular disease diagnosis — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Coenzyme Q10 deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Coenzyme Q10) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).

The data we hold shows CoQ-10 is likely effective for CoQ-10 deficiency and possibly effective for fibromyalgia, migraine headache, heart failure, and diabetic neuropathy. PEAK ATP (adenosine) is rated effective for treating a specific heart rhythm problem called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and for cardiac stress testing—but these are clinical uses of the prescription injectable form given by doctors, not the oral supplement form in this product.

Evidence for the oral supplement form of PEAK ATP is limited. Sodium's effectiveness ratings in our data relate to medical uses like cystic fibrosis treatment, not to supplemental intake for general health.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coenzyme Q10 Adenosine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

CoQ-10 is generally well tolerated; side effects like stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, and heartburn occur in less than 1% of people, and doses above 100 mg may be divided to reduce them. Headache, dizziness, and insomnia have been reported rarely, as have skin reactions.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but the data cautions that excess intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. PEAK ATP's safety as an oral supplement hasn't been thoroughly studied—the prescription injectable form is powerful and used only in medical settings.

Pregnancy safety for CoQ-10 is uncertain; safety data for PEAK ATP in pregnancy and lactation are not established. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coenzyme Q10 Adenosine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Coenzyme Q10, Adenosine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 278 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take: dipyridamole or other heart medications (especially major concern with dipyridamole), blood thinners like warfarin, blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, lithium, carbamazepine or other seizure drugs, HIV medications like didanosine, or any drug that raises sodium levels. If you take caffeine supplements or rely on them for energy, let your prescriber know, as they can block PEAK ATP's effects.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may interest people with fibromyalgia, migraines, or heart-related concerns who want to explore CoQ-10—but the PEAK ATP and sodium components come with real interaction risks and limited supplement-form evidence. If you take any heart, blood pressure, blood-thinning, seizure, or mood medications, or if you're managing sodium intake, you need to check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

The prescription form of adenosine is powerful and different from the supplement; don't assume the oral version has the same safety profile.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 26, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Peak ATP with CoQ-10, straight from the product label.

Brand Solgar
Barcode (UPC) 033984001978
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 26, 2020
DSLD ID 213858
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
033984001978
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium10 mg1%
Coenzyme Q-1030 mg--
PEAK ATP125 mg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Methacrylic Acid, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Vegetable Cellulose, Silica, Glyceryl Triacetate, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Solgar's ATP with Coenzyme Q-10 Tablets are free of corn, yeast, wheat, soy and dairy products and are formulated without the use of artificial preservatives, flavors, or colors.

Enteric coated

Suitable for vegetarians

Sugar and starch free

Storage

To assure freshness and potency, store at room temperature 59 degrees-86 degrees F (15 degrees-30 degrees C). Store away from heat, light and moisture.

Precautions

Do not use if outer bottle seal is missing, torn or damaged in any way.

If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medication or have a medical condition, please consult your healthcare practitioner before taking any dietary supplement.

Keep out of reach of children.

General Statements

For more information, call toll-free 1-877-SOLGAR 4 www.solgar.com Solgar since 1947

Formula

Coenzyme-Q10

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement for adults, take one (1) tablet, two (2) times daily, between meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Peak ATP is a registered trademark of TSI Health Sciences, Inc. and is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,227,371 and 5,049,372 and other patents pending.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Coenzyme Q-10

Interacts with
198 drugs
30 mg per serving Form: Ubiquinone

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...

Coenzyme Q-10 monograph & interactions

PEAK ATP

Interacts with
47 drugs
125 mg per serving

Adenosine is a natural building block your body uses for energy and cell signaling, and a prescription injectable version is used by doctors to treat...

PEAK ATP monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Methacrylic Acid, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Vegetable Cellulose, Silica, Glyceryl Triacetate, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Peak ATP with CoQ-10?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
278Drugs
2 Major 232 Moderate 44 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Coenzyme Q-10 198
PEAK ATP 47

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Peak ATP with CoQ-10 interact with 278 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Peak ATP with CoQ-10 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Coenzyme Q-10 PEAK ATP

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Peak ATP with CoQ-10 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Coenzyme Q-103 drug types · 198 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Coenzyme Q-10 full monograph & interactions

PEAK ATP3 drug types · 47 drugs

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Dipyridamole can increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of adenosine.
Dipyridamole decreases the metabolism of adenosine. Intravenous infusion of adenosine in patients who are taking dipyridamole can cause dizziness, bradycardia, and syncope. Dipyridamole should be discontinued for several days prior to a cardiac stress test using adenosine.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine might increase the risk of heart block when used concomitantly with adenosine.
Carbamazepine and adenosine can both cause heart block. Giving them concurrently might produce an additive effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methylxanthines

Methylxanthines are competitive antagonists of adenosine and can block its pharmacologic effects.
The methylxanthines, aminophylline, caffeine, and theophylline, can block the effects of adenosine by acting as competitive antagonists at adenosine cell surface receptors. It is recommended that methylxanthines be avoided for 24 hours prior to cardiac stress tests.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
PEAK ATP full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Peak ATP with CoQ-10, from the product label.

Solgar

See all Solgar products
Name
Solgar Vitamin and Herb
City
Leonia
State
N.J.
ZipCode
07605
Phone Number
1-877-765-4274
Web Address
www.solgar.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar: Common Questions

Does Peak ATP with CoQ-10 by Solgar interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Peak ATP with CoQ-10 has a known interaction with 278 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Peak ATP with CoQ-10 contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is CoQ-10 safe to take if I'm on a statin for cholesterol?
Our data doesn't list statins as interacting with CoQ-10, but statins are known to lower CoQ-10 levels in the body—which is why many people add it back. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product makes sense for your situation, since they know your full medication list and health history.
What are the most common side effects from CoQ-10?
Gastrointestinal effects like stomach discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and heartburn occur in less than 1% of people. Dividing daily doses above 100 mg may help reduce these. Headache and dizziness have been reported rarely.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Our data shows conflicting safety ratings for sodium in pregnancy—one rating says likely safe, another says possibly unsafe. CoQ-10 and PEAK ATP safety in pregnancy aren't established in our data. You'll need to talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Does this product have any fillers?
Yes, it contains inactive ingredients including dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable cellulose, silica, and magnesium stearate, which are common tablet binders and fillers.
Can I take this with my warfarin?
No—our data shows CoQ-10 may reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effects. You must check with your doctor before taking this product if you're on warfarin or any blood thinner.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Peak ATP with CoQ-10 is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Peak ATP with CoQ-10 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Peak ATP with CoQ-10’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coenzyme Q10

Interacts with 198 drugs

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...

Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Adenosine

Interacts with 47 drugs

Adenosine is a natural building block your body uses for energy and cell signaling, and a prescription injectable version is used by doctors to treat certain fast heart rhythms. As an over-t...

Read the full Adenosine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Peak ATP with CoQ-10's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 88 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Coenzyme Q10 40 references
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  2. Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med 1994;S265-72. PubMed
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  9. Landbo C, Almdal TP. [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. Ugeskr Laeger 1998;160:3226-7.
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  11. Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med J 2001;94:1112-7. PubMed
  12. The Huntington Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington's disease. Neurology 2001;57:397-404.
  13. Hodgson JM, Watts GF, Playford DA, et al. Coenzyme Q10 improves blood pressure and glycaemic control: a controlled trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:1137-42. PubMed
  14. Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;246:75-82. DOI
  15. Porterfield LM. Why did the response to warfarin change? RN 2000;63:107.
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  22. Ho MJ, Bellusci A, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD007435. PubMed
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  24. Stamelou, M., Reuss, A., Pilatus, U., Magerkurth, J., Niklowitz, P., Eggert, K. M., Krisp, A., Menke, T., Schade-Brittinger, C., Oertel, W. H., and Hoglinger, G. U. Short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, place DOI
  25. Keogh A, Fenton S, Leslie C, et al. Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q, therapy in class II and III systolic heart failure. Heart Lung Circ. 2003;12:135-41.
  26. Gane, E. J., Weilert, F., Orr, D. W., Keogh, G. F., Gibson, M., Lockhart, M. M., Frampton, C. M., Taylor, K. M., Smith, R. A., and Murphy, M. P. The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant mitoquinone decreases liver damage in a phase II study of hepatitis C
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  30. Matthews, P. M., Ford, B., Dandurand, R. J., Eidelman, D. H., O'Connor, D., Sherwin, A., Karpati, G., Andermann, F., and Arnold, D. L. Coenzyme Q10 with multiple vitamins is generally ineffective in treatment of mitochondrial disease. Neurology 1993;43(5
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  34. Parkinson Study Group QE3 Investigators, Beal MF, Oakes D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: no evidence of benefit. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(5):543-52.
  35. Alehagen U, Johansson P, Bjornstedt M, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: A 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citi
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See these in context on the Coenzyme Q10 monograph →

Adenosine 10 references
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  4. Haskell CM, Wong M, Williams A, Lee LY. Phase I trial of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate in patients with advanced cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 1996;27:165-73.. DOI
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See these in context on the Adenosine monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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