Zinc Supreme Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Zinc Supreme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Zinc Supreme is a dietary supplement by Designs for Health with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for morning sickness in pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome (pms), preventing or treating b6 deficiency.Based on those ingredients, 276 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin B6, Taurine, Malic Acid. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Zinc Supreme contains six active ingredients. Vitamin B6 supports nerve function and is used to treat B6 deficiency and certain types of anemia.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for energy production. Taurine is an amino acid involved in heart and brain function.
Malic acid is an organic compound found in fruits. Zinc supports immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis.
Molybdenum is a trace mineral needed for enzyme function. The product also contains inactive ingredients: vegetable stearate, rice flour, and microcrystalline cellulose.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Vitamin B6 is effective for sideroblastic anemia and B6 deficiency, likely effective for high homocysteine levels, and possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea. Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency, likely effective for Wilson disease, and possibly effective for acne, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetes.
Taurine and malic acid are rated possibly effective for specific conditions—taurine for hepatitis and heart failure, malic acid for dry mouth—but evidence is limited. Riboflavin and molybdenum effectiveness ratings are not established in our data for general use.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin B6 is generally well tolerated at normal doses but can damage nerves (sensory neuropathy) at high doses over time, especially above 1,000 mg daily. Most common side effects are mild—nausea, headache, abdominal pain.
Riboflavin is very safe; excess is cleared in your urine. Most people tolerate it well; bright yellow urine at higher doses is normal and harmless.
Taurine is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though long-term safety is less certain. Common side effects are constipation, diarrhea, or stomach upset.
Malic acid has limited safety data at supplement doses; food amounts are fine. Zinc is well tolerated below 40 mg daily; higher doses may increase the risk of copper deficiency.
Common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste, and stomach cramps. Molybdenum is safe at food amounts and prenatal vitamin doses but should not be used at high supplement doses without medical guidance.
No pregnancy/lactation data is on file for vitamin B6 or zinc; riboflavin, taurine, and malic acid are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Zinc Supreme, double-check with your pharmacist if you take antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications)—vitamin B6, taurine, and malic acid may lower your pressure further. If you're on seizure medications (phenobarbital or phenytoin), antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines, or cephalexin), penicillamine, ritonavir, integrase inhibitors, or bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, zinc can interfere with absorption or levels.
Amiodarone users should note that vitamin B6 may worsen sun sensitivity. If you take lithium, taurine may affect how your body handles it.
And if you're on levodopa without carbidopa, vitamin B6 can reduce its effectiveness.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Zinc Supreme may be worth considering if you're looking to support immune function, but it's essential to check your medications first—especially if you take blood pressure drugs, seizure medications, antibiotics, or antiretrovirals. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, particularly if you take any prescriptions or have high blood pressure, seizure disorder, or HIV.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Zinc Supreme, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Designs for Health |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 879452000964 |
| Net contents | 90 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 25, 2013 |
| DSLD ID | 22547 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 | 50 mg | 2500% |
| Riboflavin | 5 mg | 290% |
| Taurine | 400 mg | -- |
| Malic Acid | 30 mg | -- |
| Zinc | 30 mg | 200% |
| Molybdenum | 250 mcg | 330% |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Stearate, Rice Flour, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended Use: As a dietary supplement, take one capsule per day with a meal, or as directed by your health care practitioner.
Brand IP Statement(s)
TRAACS(R) and the Albion Medallion design are registered trademarks of Albion Laboratories, Inc.
Storage
STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE.
Precautions
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
General
ZNP090-2
Seals/Symbols
ALBION MINERALS A
Guaranteed GMP COMPLIANT Products
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
For Professional Use Only
Notice: Color, size or shape may appear different between lots.
Formulation
Does not contain gluten.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsRiboflavin
Interacts with20 drugs
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...
Riboflavin monograph & interactionsTaurine
Interacts with173 drugs
Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...
Taurine monograph & interactionsMalic Acid
Interacts with172 drugs
Malic acid is a natural acid found in apples and other fruits, often combined with magnesium in supplements marketed for fibromyalgia and muscle pain....
Malic Acid monograph & interactionsZinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsMolybdenum
No knowninteractions
Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so s...
Molybdenum monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Stearate, Rice Flour, Microcrystalline Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health contains six active ingredients, and several of them interact with medications.
The most serious interactions we've documented are Moderate in severity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Vitamin B6 has the broadest interaction profile here. It may reduce blood pressure when combined with antihypertensive drugs, and at high doses it can lower levels of two seizure medications—phenobarbital and phenytoin—by speeding up how your body breaks them down.
It may also worsen the sun sensitivity caused by the heart rhythm drug amiodarone. On the flip side, if you take levodopa for Parkinson's disease without carbidopa, vitamin B6 can interfere with it, though this doesn't happen when you're on the combination product Sinemet.
Zinc interacts with several classes of antibiotics—quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin—by binding to them in your gut and reducing how much gets absorbed. It can also interfere with penicillamine (used for Wilson disease and rheumatoid arthritis), and it may reduce levels of ritonavir and integrase inhibitors used for HIV.
There's also a theoretical concern that zinc might interfere with cisplatin chemotherapy. Taurine and malic acid may both lower blood pressure when paired with antihypertensive drugs.
Taurine may also affect how your body handles lithium. Riboflavin might theoretically reduce the potency of tetracycline antibiotics, though this hasn't been confirmed in people.
Molybdenum has no documented interactions in our data. Altogether, these interactions span 272 individual medications.
Use the search tool below to check your specific prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Zinc Supreme?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Zinc Supreme interact with 276 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 6 ingredients in Zinc Supreme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin B6 Taurine Malic Acid Zinc Riboflavin
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Malic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Acebutolol interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acebutolol interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Acebutolol interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Acetazolamide interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Acetazolamide interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acetazolamide interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aliskiren interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Aliskiren interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Aliskiren interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Malic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Ambrisentan interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Ambrisentan interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amiloride interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amiloride interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiloride interactionZincAmiloride (midamor) Minor
Interaction Summary
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Read the full Zinc + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionZincAmiloride (midamor) Minor
Interaction Summary
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Read the full Zinc + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmiodaroneCordarone, Pacerone
How Amiodarone interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Amiodarone (cordarone) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiodarone interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besilate interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine Besilate interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine Besylate interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besylate interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Malic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Malic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Ammonium Chloride interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Ammonium Chloride interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Ammonium Chloride interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ZincTetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Zinc + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionRiboflavinTetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
Read the full Riboflavin + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionAprobarbital, Butabarbital, PhenobarbitalTriple Barbital
How Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aprocitentan interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Aprocitentan interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Aprocitentan interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, PhenobarbitalPhenaphen
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Atenolol interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Atenolol interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Malic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, PhenobarbitalHypnaldyne
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, ScopolamineBarbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, PhenobarbitalBarbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, PhenobarbitalAnthrocol
How Atropine, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionAzilsartanEdarbi
How Azilsartan interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Azilsartan interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Azilsartan interactionTaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Azilsartan interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TaurineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Taurine + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionMalic AcidAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Malic Acid + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBelladona Extract, PhenobarbitalChardonna-2
How Belladona Extract, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Belladona Extract, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, PhenobarbitalBel Tabs, Bellamine-S, Bellaphen-S, Duragal S, Phenarbal S, Spastrin
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna Alkaloids, PhenobarbitalBarbidonna, Donnatal
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interacts with Zinc Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Zinc Supreme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Taurine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Lithium
Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.
Malic Acid
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, malic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that malic acid isolated from tagetes roots can reduce mean arterial blood pressure.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Riboflavin
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Zinc Supreme, from the product label.
Designs for Health
See all Designs for Health products- Name
- Designs for Health, Inc.
- Street Address
- 980 South Street
- City
- Suffield
- State
- CT
- ZipCode
- 06078
- Web Address
- www.designsforhealth.com
Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health: Common Questions
Does Zinc Supreme by Designs for Health interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
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What are the most common side effects?
Can vitamin B6 cause nerve damage?
Does zinc help prevent colds?
What happens if I take zinc with antibiotics?
Is this product just a B-complex vitamin?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Zinc Supreme’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographRiboflavin
Interacts with 20 drugsRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...
Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monographTaurine
Interacts with 173 drugsTaurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...
Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monographMalic Acid
Interacts with 172 drugsMalic acid is a natural acid found in apples and other fruits, often combined with magnesium in supplements marketed for fibromyalgia and muscle pain. The evidence for its health benefits is...
Read the full Malic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographZinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographMolybdenum
Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so supplements are rarely needed unless a do...
Read the full Molybdenum monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Zinc Supreme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 161 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin B6 32 references
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Geerling BJ, Dagnelie PC, Badart-Smook A, et al. Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1008-13. PubMed
- South M. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use -- reply. Lancet 1999;354:2083. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Baxter P, Aicardi J. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use. Lancet 1999;354:2082-3. PubMed
- Bendich A, Cohen M. Vitamin B6 safety issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:321-30.
- Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A. Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983;309:445-8. PubMed
- Gordon N. Pyridoxine dependency: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:63-5. PubMed
- Lewis PJ. Pain in the hand and wrist. Pyridoxine supplements may help patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMJ 1995;310:1534. PubMed
- Kaufman G. Pyridoxine against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity (letter). Lancet 1984;1:51-2. PubMed
- Mulrow JP, Mulrow CD, McKenna WJ. Pyridoxine and amiodarone-induced photosensitivity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:68-9. PubMed
- Kawada A, Kashima A, Shiraishi H, et al. Pyridoxine-induced photosensitivity and hypophosphatasia. Dermatology 2000;201:356-60.. PubMed
- Vasile A, Goldberg R, Kornberg B. Pyridoxine toxicity: report of a case. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1984;83:790-1. DOI
- Hansson O, Sillanpaa M. Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. Lancet 1976;1:256. DOI
- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Hatzitolios, A., Iliadis, F., Katsiki, N., and Baltatzi, M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based? A systematic review. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2008;30(7):628-639. PubMed
- Vasdev, S., Ford, C. A., Parai, S., Longerich, L., and Gadag, V. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1999;200(1-2):155-162.
- de, Vogel S., Dindore, V., van, Engeland M., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. J Nutr 2008;138(12):2372-2378. PubMed
- Hagen, I., Nesheim, B. I., and Tuntland, T. No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1985;64(8):667-670. PubMed
- Aybak, M., Sermet, A., Ayyildiz, M. O., and Karakilcik, A. Z. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(12):1271-1273.
- Lal, K. J., Dakshinamurti, K., and Thliveris, J. The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996;14(3):355-363. PubMed
- Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, Bohnert K, and Schmidt U. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomed 1997;4(3):183-189. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
- Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2012;43(6):1572-7. PubMed
- Hoyer-Kuhn H, Kohbrok S, Volland R, Franklin J, Hero B, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: first prospective trial after 40 years of practice. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Mar;9(3):468-77. PubMed
- Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of levetiracetam-induced behavioral side effects by pyridoxine. A randomized double blind controlled study. Pediatr Neurol 2021;119:15-21. PubMed
- Gupta M, Gallante B, Bamberger JN, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of idiopathic hyperoxaluria treatments. J Endourol 2021;35(12):1844-1851. PubMed
- Li H, Chen M, Liang S, et al. Excessive vitamin B6 during treatment is related to poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A U-shaped distribution suggests low dose supplement. Clin Nutr 2021;40(4):2293-2300. PubMed
- Tanigawa J, Nabatame S, Tominaga K, et al. High-dose pyridoxine treatment for inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency. Brain Dev 2021;43(6):680-687. PubMed
- Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
Riboflavin 5 references
- Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998;50:466-70. PubMed
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Leeson LJ, Weidenheimer JF. Stability of tetracycline and riboflavin. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58(3):355-7. PubMed
- MacLennan, S. C., Wade, F. M., Forrest, K. M., Ratanayake, P. D., Fagan, E., and Antony, J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(11):1300-1304.
- Dietary reference intakes (DRIs): estimated average requirements. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academics. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf Accessed July 24, 2017.
Taurine 21 references
- Ahmad S, Robertson HT, Golper TA, et al. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. II. Clinical and biochemical effects. Kidney Int 1990;38:912-8. PubMed
- Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
- Obermann M, Schorn CF, Mummel P, et al. Taurine induced toxic encephalopathy? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006;108:812-3. PubMed
- Bichler, A., Swenson, A., and Harris, M. A. A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006;31(4):471-476. PubMed
- Iyadurai, S. J. and Chung, S. S. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 2007;10(3):504-508. PubMed
- Berger, A. J. and Alford, K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 1-5-2009;190(1):41-43. PubMed
- Worthley, M. I., Prabhu, A., De, Sciscio P., Schultz, C., Sanders, P., and Willoughby, S. R. Detrimental effects of energy drink consumption on platelet and endothelial function. Am J Med 2010;123(2):184-187. PubMed
- Morchon, Simon D. and Perez Castrillon, J. L. [Hypoglycemia by intake of taurine]. Rev.Clin Esp. 2010;210(1):49.
- Livshits, Z., Hoffman, R. S., Hymes, K. B., and Nelson, L. S. If vitamins could kill: massive hemolysis following naturopathic vitamin infusion. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(3):224-226. PubMed
- Schoffl, I., Kothmann, J. F., Schoffl, V., Rupprecht, H. D., and Rupprecht, T. "Vodka energy": too much for the adolescent nephron? Pediatrics 2011;128(1):e227-e231. PubMed
- Calabro, R. S., Italiano, D., Gervasi, G., and Bramanti, P. Single tonic-clonic seizure after energy drink abuse. Epilepsy Behav 2012;23(3):384-385. PubMed
- Fujita, T., Ando, K., Noda, H., Ito, Y., and Sato, Y. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension. Circulation 1987;75(3):525-532. PubMed
- Darling, P. B., Lepage, G., Leroy, C., Masson, P., and Roy, C. C. Effect of taurine supplements on fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 1985;19(6):578-582. PubMed
- Fukuyama, Y. and Ochiai, Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4(1):63-69. PubMed
- Franconi, F., Bennardini, F., Mattana, A., Miceli, M., Ciuti, M., Mian, M., Gironi, A., Anichini, R., and Seghieri, G. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am.J. DOI
- Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
- Sun Q, Wang B, Li Y, Sun F, et al. Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2016 Mar;67(3):541-9. PubMed
- Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
- Guan L, Miao P. The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020;885:173533. PubMed
- Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
- Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed
Malic Acid 7 references
- Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Flechas JD, Abraham GE. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with Super Malic: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover pilot study. J Rheumatol 1995;22:953-8.
- Fiume, Z. Final report on the safety assessment of malic acid and sodium malate. Int J Toxicol 2001;20 Suppl 1:47-55. PubMed
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 184 - Direct Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. Available at: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=786bafc6f6343634fbf79fcdca7061e1&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:3.0.1.1
- Saleem R, Ahmad M, Naz A, et al. Hypotensive and toxicological study of citric acid and other constituents from Tagetes patula roots. Arch Pharm Res 2004;27(10):1037-42.
- Chiriac A, Brzezinski P. Topical malic acid in combination with citric acid: an option to treat recalcitrant warts. Dermatol Ther. 2015;28(6):336-8. PubMed
- CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 SUBCHAPTER B. 184.1069 Malic Acid. Food and Drug Administration Department Of Health And Human Services. Updated April 1, 2017. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1069.
- Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Updated May 19, 2017. http://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/malic%20acid.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2018.
Zinc 88 references
- Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
- Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
- Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
- Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
- Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
- Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
- Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
- Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
- Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
- Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
- Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
- Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
- Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
- Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
- Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
- Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
- Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
- Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
- Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
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