American Ginseng Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking American Ginseng against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
American Ginseng is a dietary supplement by Tonic Tinctures with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for stress and energy support, immune support and colds, blood sugar management.Based on those ingredients, 217 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Wisconsin American Ginseng. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: Wisconsin American Ginseng, a root traditionally used to support health and energy. The liquid form includes distilled water and organic alcohol as inactive ingredients to preserve and deliver the ginseng.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
American ginseng is possibly effective for reducing how often you catch colds and upper respiratory infections. The evidence for its use in anemia of chronic disease and breast cancer isn't established well enough for us to rate it.
If you're thinking about using it for one of those conditions, your doctor or pharmacist can help you figure out if it makes sense for you.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
American ginseng is generally well tolerated in the short term for healthy adults, though the quality and strength of products vary, and we don't have much long-term safety data. Headache has been reported by some people who take it.
Because of safety concerns raised in lab research, it's best avoided during pregnancy. There isn't enough information to know if it's safe while breastfeeding, so the safer choice is to skip it then.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
If you take warfarin (Coumadin) or other blood thinners, immunosuppressant drugs, diabetes medications, or MAOI antidepressants, run them through the checker on this page before starting. These are the medication types we have documented interactions for.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
American ginseng may help reduce cold and respiratory infection risk. If you take warfarin, immunosuppressants, diabetes drugs, or an MAOI antidepressant, you need to check with your pharmacist first — this product can interfere with how they work.
Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk to your doctor before using it.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 26, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about American Ginseng, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Tonic Tinctures |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 60 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 26, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 241168 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin American Ginseng | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: distilled Water, organic Alcohol
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula
Artisan liquid extract 1 dropper is approximately equal to 750 mgs
Formulation
Gluten free, no hidden additives
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Shake gently before use
Directions: Use as directed, 1-3 droppers 1-3 times a day. Use within 45 days of opening.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children.
Discontinue use if unusual symptoms occur.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
Caution: These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Dropper(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Wisconsin American Ginseng
Interacts with217 drugs
American ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the...
Wisconsin American Ginseng monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Distilled Water, Organic Alcohol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Tonic Tinctures American Ginseng can interact with a number of medications, and the most serious concern is with blood thinners like warfarin (Coumadin).
American ginseng appears to reduce how well warfarin works — it lowers your INR (a measure of how thin your blood is), which means the drug may not protect you as well from clots.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
You'll also want to check with us if you take immunosuppressants (drugs that calm your immune system after transplant or for certain autoimmune conditions), diabetes medications, or MAOIs (a type of antidepressant). American ginseng seems to rev up immune function, which could work against immunosuppressants.
It may also lower blood sugar, so combining it with diabetes drugs could push your levels too low. There are a couple of case reports of insomnia, headache, tremors, and mood changes when ginseng was used with the MAOI phenelzine (Nardil).
Altogether, these interactions span 212 individual medications. Use the medication checker below to look up your exact drugs before you start this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against American Ginseng?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in American Ginseng interact with 217 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in American Ginseng interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Wisconsin American Ginseng
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Warfarin Sodium interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Acarbose interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Acetohexamide interactionAdalimumabHumira
How Adalimumab interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab interactionAdalimumab-adazHyrimoz
How Adalimumab-adaz interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-adaz interactionAdalimumab-adbmCyltezo
How Adalimumab-adbm interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-adbm interactionAdalimumab-afzbAbrilada
How Adalimumab-afzb interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-afzb interactionAdalimumab-attoAmjevita
How Adalimumab-atto interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-atto interactionAdalimumab-bwwdHadlima
How Adalimumab-bwwd interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-bwwd interactionAdalimumab-fkjpHulio
How Adalimumab-fkjp interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Adalimumab-fkjp interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Albiglutide interactionAlefaceptAmevive
How Alefacept interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Alefacept interactionAlemtuzumabCampath
How Alemtuzumab interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Alemtuzumab interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAmphetamineAdensys XR-ODT, Adzenys ER, Dyanavel XR, Mydayis
How Amphetamine interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Amphetamine interactionAnifrolumab-fniaSaphnelo
How Anifrolumab-fnia interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Anifrolumab-fnia interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAntithymocyte GlobulinThymoglobulin
How Antithymocyte Globulin interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Antithymocyte Globulin interactionAtezolizumabTecentriq
How Atezolizumab interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Atezolizumab interactionAzamuneImmunoprin
How Azamune interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Azamune interactionAzathioprineAzamune, Imuran
How Azathioprine interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Azathioprine interactionBasiliximabSimulect
How Basiliximab interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Basiliximab interactionBeclometasone DipropionateBecotide
How Beclometasone Dipropionate interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Beclometasone Dipropionate interactionBeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril
How Beclomethasone interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Beclomethasone interactionBeclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar
How Beclomethasone Dipropionate interacts with American Ginseng — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wisconsin American GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Wisconsin American Ginseng + Beclomethasone Dipropionate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in American Ginseng with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Wisconsin American Ginseng
Warfarin (Coumadin)
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for American Ginseng, from the product label.
Tonic Tinctures
See all Tonic Tinctures products- Name
- Tonic Apothecary
- Web Address
- www.tonictinctures.com
American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures: Common Questions
Does American Ginseng by Tonic Tinctures interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Is it safe while breastfeeding?
Does it actually prevent colds?
What side effects should I watch for?
Why does the quality matter if it's a natural product?
Can I use this alongside my other supplements?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if American Ginseng is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind American Ginseng’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
American Ginseng's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 12 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
American Ginseng 12 references
- Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Phenelzine and the dream machine-ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985;5:65. PubMed
- Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:201-2. PubMed
- Janetzky K, Morreale AP. Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:692-3. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1009-13. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1221-6. PubMed
- Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb(1)-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18:2166-8..
- McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng (CVT-E002) to Prevent Acute Respiratory Illness in Institutionalized Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:13-9. PubMed
- Yuan CS, Wei G, Dey L, et al. American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:23-7.
- Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin R, et al. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2005;173:1043-8.. PubMed
- McElhaney JE, Goel V, Toane B, et al. Efficacy of COLD-fX in the prevention of respiratory symptoms in community-dwelling adults: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2006;12:153-7. PubMed
- Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, et al. Immune modulating effects of daily supplementation of COLD-fX (a proprietary extract of North American ginseng) in healthy adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006;39:162-167. DOI
- Stavro PM, Woo M, Leiter LA, et al. Long-term intake of North American ginseng has no effect on 24-hour blood pressure and renal function. Hypertension 2006;47(4):791-6. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC