Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Breach Strawberry Kiwi Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Redcon1

Breach Strawberry Kiwi label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Breach Strawberry Kiwi against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Breach Strawberry Kiwi is a dietary supplement by Redcon1 with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 306 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Taurine, Coconut Water powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1 — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 8 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Branched-Chain Amino Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Breach Strawberry Kiwi is a powder blend with 8 active ingredients. The main ones are sodium and potassium—electrolytes that support muscle function and hydration—along with taurine, an amino acid compound; glycerol, a compound that draws water into the intestines; coconut water powder, which provides electrolytes naturally; and three branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that support muscle protein.

The product also contains inactive ingredients like citric acid, malic acid, maltodextrin, natural and artificial flavor, sweeteners (sucralose and acesulfame-K), and silica.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle recovery and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Physical performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Postoperative recovery, muscle protein synthesis, amino acid availability — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glycerol is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Taurine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery.

The evidence for most ingredients in this product is mixed or limited. Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for reducing kidney damage from the antibiotic amphotericin B, though neither is relevant to a sports drink.

Taurine is possibly effective for heart failure and liver disease, but possibly ineffective for weight loss. Glycerol is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for athletic performance.

Coconut water powder, potassium, and the branched-chain amino acids have insufficient evidence or no established ratings for the conditions they're marketed toward. We don't hold effectiveness data for leucine, isoleucine, or valine individually.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Taurine Glycerol Coconut

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts but linked to high blood pressure and heart strain in excess—the caution is to avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Potassium from food is fine, but supplements can cause dangerously high blood levels, especially in people with kidney disease.

Taurine is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though long-term safety is less certain, and serious side effects are rare but can include hypersensitivity reactions. Glycerol is generally well tolerated in normal amounts but can cause stomach upset and dizziness at medicinal doses.

Coconut water powder is likely safe as food but can trigger allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in people with coconut sensitivity. No pregnancy or lactation data is on file for glycerol; sodium is rated likely safe but also possibly unsafe (mixed rating); potassium, taurine, and coconut are rated likely safe.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Taurine Glycerol Coconut

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Potassium, Taurine, Coconut, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 306 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Breach, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure or heart medications (antihypertensives, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics), lithium, corticosteroids, diabetes drugs, or any sodium-containing medications. Sodium and potassium at these doses interact with all of these drug types at Moderate or Minor severity.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a sports hydration powder with electrolytes and amino acids. It may work best for people doing intense exercise who need sodium and potassium replacement, though the evidence for branched-chain amino acids in performance isn't established in our data.

If you take blood pressure medication, heart drugs, lithium, kidney medications, or diabetes drugs, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product—sodium and potassium interactions are real. Coconut allergies also warrant caution.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Breach Strawberry Kiwi, straight from the product label.

Brand Redcon1
Barcode (UPC) 647603260907
Net contents 12.16 Oz(s); 345 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 23, 2020
DSLD ID 235675
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
11.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
11.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
647603260907
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium160 mg7%
Potassium340 mg7%
Taurine1 Gram(s)--
Glycerol1 Gram(s)--
Coconut Water powder1 Gram(s)--
Leucine2.5 Gram(s)--
Isoleucine1.25 Gram(s)--
Valine1.25 Gram(s)--
Branched-Chain Amino Acids0 NP--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural flavor, Artificial flavor, Malic Acid, Sucralose, Acesulfame-K, Maltodextrin, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

The objective: Be in a 24/7 anabolic state of growth and recovery. The only way to maximize your true physical potential is by constant consumption of BCAA and EAA'S.

Breakdown recovery barriers

Strawberry Kiwi Naturally and artificially flavored

Muscle endurance Recovery

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Breach Suggested Use: For maximum performance and hydration benefits, mix (1) scoop of Breach with 8-10 ounces of water and consume before, during or after your training. For best results, consume (3) serving per day. On non-training days, consume (1) serving upon waking.

Formula

Aminos 30 servings

5 grams of BCAA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Warning: Keep out of reach of children. This product is intended to be consumed by healthy adults 18 years of age or older.

Before using this product, seek advice from your pharmacist or physician.

Avoid using this product if you have if you have any pre-existing medical condition including but not limited to: high or low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke, heart, liver or kidney disease, seizure disorder, thyroid disease, psychiatric disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to prostate enlargement or if you are taking MAO Inhibitor or any other medication or supplements. Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing, prone to dehydration or exposed to excessive heat. Discontinue use and consult your healthcare professional.

Storage

Store at 59-86 degrees Fahrenheit (15-30 Celcius). Protect from light and moisture. Product does not completely fill container.

General Statements

Settling occurs in shipping.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1 label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Breach Strawberry Kiwi label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size11.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
160 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
340 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Taurine

Interacts with
173 drugs
1 Gram(s) per serving

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...

Taurine monograph & interactions

Glycerol

No known
interactions
1 Gram(s) per serving

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well establis...

Glycerol monograph & interactions

Coconut Water powder

Interacts with
86 drugs
1 Gram(s) per serving

Coconut is a nutritious tropical food enjoyed as oil, water, milk, and flesh, and it is generally safe to eat in normal food amounts. While some uses...

Coconut Water powder monograph & interactions

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

0 NP per serving
  • › Leucine
  • › Isoleucine
  • › Valine

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural flavor, Artificial flavor, Malic Acid, Sucralose, Acesulfame-K, Maltodextrin, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1 Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Breach Strawberry Kiwi?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
306Drugs
220 Moderate 86 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Taurine 173
Coconut Water powder 86
Potassium 62

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Breach Strawberry Kiwi interact with 306 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 8 ingredients in Breach Strawberry Kiwi interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Taurine Coconut Water powder Potassium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Breach Strawberry Kiwi with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Taurine full monograph & interactions

Coconut Water powder1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking coconut with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that coconut milk might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Coconut Water powder full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Breach Strawberry Kiwi, from the product label.

Redcon1

See all Redcon1 products
Name
Redcon1 Supplements
Street Address
1141 S Rogers Circle Suite 3
City
Boca Raton
State
FL
ZipCode
33487
Phone Number
561-961-8349
Web Address
www.redcon1.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1: Common Questions

Does Breach Strawberry Kiwi by Redcon1 interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Breach Strawberry Kiwi has a known interaction with 306 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Breach Strawberry Kiwi contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this okay if I take blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. Sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure drugs work, and potassium can raise levels to unsafe highs when combined with certain blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product fits your treatment plan.
Does it actually help with athletic performance?
Glycerol in the product is possibly effective for athletic performance according to our data, but we don't have established evidence for the branched-chain amino acids or potassium for this use. It's mainly a hydration and electrolyte replacement drink.
What if I'm allergic to tree nuts or coconut?
This product contains coconut water powder, and coconut can trigger allergic reactions ranging from mild hives to anaphylaxis in sensitive people. If you have a known coconut allergy, avoid this product.
Is it safe to use while pregnant?
Sodium is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy, and while potassium, taurine, and coconut are rated likely safe, we don't have pregnancy data for glycerol. Talk with your doctor before using this during pregnancy—they know your full health picture.
Can I take this if I have kidney disease?
Potassium supplements can be dangerous for people with kidney problems because kidneys have trouble clearing excess potassium. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.
What are the amino acids for?
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are branched-chain amino acids that support muscle protein, especially after exercise. We don't hold effectiveness data on them for any specific condition, but they're a common ingredient in sports drinks.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Breach Strawberry Kiwi is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Breach Strawberry Kiwi label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Breach Strawberry Kiwi’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycerol

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well established as a laxative and a skin and eye moi...

Read the full Glycerol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coconut

Interacts with 86 drugs

Coconut is a nutritious tropical food enjoyed as oil, water, milk, and flesh, and it is generally safe to eat in normal food amounts. While some uses (like skin moisturizing and hydration) h...

Read the full Coconut monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Breach Strawberry Kiwi's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 89 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
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Potassium 12 references
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  12. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad

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Taurine 21 references
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  16. Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
  17. Sun Q, Wang B, Li Y, Sun F, et al. Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2016 Mar;67(3):541-9. PubMed
  18. Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
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  20. Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
  21. Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed

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Glycerol 8 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Wagner DR. Hyperhydrating with glycerol: implications for athletic performance. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:207-12. PubMed
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  6. Blanchet-Bardon C, Tadini G, Machado Matos M, Delarue A. Association of glycerol and paraffin in the treatment of ichthyosis in children: an international, multicentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Aug;26 PubMed
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Coconut 10 references
  1. Teuber SS, Peterson WR. Systemic allergic reaction to coconut (Cocos nucifera) in 2 subjects with hypersensitivity to tree nut and demonstration of cross-reactivity to legumin-like seed storage proteins: new coconut and walnut food allergens. J Allergy Cl PubMed
  2. Rosado A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Gonzalez-Mancebo E, et al. Anaphylaxis to coconut. Allergy 2002;57(2):182-3. PubMed
  3. Karmakar PR, Das A, Chatterjee BP. Placebo-controlled immunotherapy with Cocos nucifera pollen extract. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1994;103(2):194-201. PubMed
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  5. Cifuentes L, Mistrello G, Amato S, et al. Identification of cross-reactivity between buckwheat and coconut. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(6):530-2. PubMed
  6. Michavila Gomez A, Amat Bou M, Gonzalez Cortés MV, Segura Navas L, Moreno Palanques MA, Bartolomé B. Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(2):219-20. PubMed
  7. 21CFR170.3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services. Updated April 1, 2017. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=170.3
  8. Alatawi KA, Alshubaily FA. Coconut products alleviate hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidimic and nephropathy indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(8):4224-4231. PubMed
  9. Kruse L, Lor J, Yousif R, Pongracic JA, Fishbein AB. Coconut allergy: Characteristics of reactions and diagnostic predictors in a pediatric tertiary care center. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021;126(5):562-568.
  10. Pathmanandavel K, Kaur N, Joshi P, Ford LS. Anaphylaxis and allergy to coconut: An Australian pediatric case series. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(10):3657-3659. PubMed

See these in context on the Coconut monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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