Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Circulate Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Whitaker Nutrition

Circulate label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Circulate against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Circulate is a dietary supplement by Whitaker Nutrition with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing iodine deficiency, supporting thyroid hormone production, general energy and metabolism support.Based on those ingredients, 312 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Nattokinase, Mixed Tocotrienols, Brown Seaweed extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Circulate has four active ingredients working on different body systems. Iodine supports thyroid function and is effective for preventing iodine deficiency and protecting tissues after radiation exposure; it's also possibly effective for mouth inflammation and gum disease.

Mixed tocotrienols are vitamin E compounds that may help with blood sugar control. Brown seaweed extract (from Ascophyllum nodosum) is a sea plant rich in iodine and minerals, though its effectiveness for the conditions studied isn't yet established in the data we hold.

Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from fermented soybeans that appears to affect blood flow and clotting, though evidence for specific benefits isn't yet clear. The product also contains inactive ingredients—microcrystalline cellulose, dextrin, gelatin, magnesium stearate, and silica—which are fillers and binders that help form the capsule.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: healthy blood flow and circulation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Angina, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Iodine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Venous leg ulcers (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Tocotrienols is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Hypercholesterolemia.
  • Also on file: Nattokinase is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Angina, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, and more.

Iodine in this product is likely effective for iodine deficiency and for protecting the body after radiation exposure. It's possibly effective for reducing oral mouth sores (oral mucositis) and gum disease (periodontitis).

Mixed tocotrienols are possibly effective for blood sugar control in diabetes but have shown no clear benefit for high cholesterol. For brown seaweed extract and nattokinase, the evidence we hold shows insufficient data to rate their effectiveness—the research isn't yet clear enough to say whether they work for prediabetes, weight, reflux, heart disease, or the other conditions studied.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Iodine Tocotrienols Ascophyllum Nodosum Nattokinase

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Iodine is well tolerated in normal dietary amounts, but high doses can cause thyroid problems including goiter and abnormal thyroid function; side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and a metallic taste. Rare hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported.

Long-term use or high doses may cause acnelike skin lesions (iododerma). Mixed tocotrienols appear well tolerated with no adverse effects reported in clinical trials.

Nattokinase is generally tolerated short-term but can rarely cause bleeding; there's also a risk of allergic reaction in people sensitive to natto. For pregnancy and breastfeeding: iodine safety data advises caution in pregnancy—use only the dose your doctor recommends—and avoid high doses while nursing.

Brown seaweed's high iodine content and possible heavy metal contamination mean it should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Mixed tocotrienols lack enough safety data for pregnancy, so it's best to avoid supplements unless your doctor advises otherwise; little is known about breastfeeding safety.

Nattokinase safety data advises against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Iodine Tocotrienols Ascophyllum Nodosum Nattokinase

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Iodine, Nattokinase, Tocotrienols, Ascophyllum Nodosum.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 312 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Circulate, double-check it with your pharmacist if you take lithium (mood stabilizer), antithyroid drugs, thyroid hormone replacement, amiodarone (heart rhythm drug), blood thinners (like warfarin or clopidogrel), or blood pressure medications. These have documented Moderate interactions—your doctor or pharmacist can help you decide whether it's safe and if you need monitoring.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take lithium, antithyroid drugs, thyroid hormone, amiodarone, or blood thinners, you'll want to check this product with your pharmacist first—the iodine and nattokinase pose documented interactions. It's a reasonable choice for iodine support and possibly for blood sugar management in diabetes, but only if your medications don't conflict.

Pregnant or nursing? Talk to your doctor before starting, especially because of the iodine and nattokinase.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 24, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Circulate, straight from the product label.

Brand Whitaker Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 678829212500
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 24, 2019
DSLD ID 201539
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
678829212500
IngredientAmount% DV
Iodine6 mcg4%
Mixed Tocotrienols25 mg--
Brown Seaweed extract300 mg--
Nattokinase100 mg--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dextrin, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Julian Whitaker, MD's Circulate has been formulated to be taken with a high-quality multinutrient program such as Forward Plus Daily Regimen and Forward Gold Daily Regimen.

Seanol is a registered trademark of Simply Healthy, LLC. NSK-SD is a registered trademark of JBSL.

General Statements

Unconditionally guaranteed for purity and labeled potency.

For healthy blood flow and circulation

Almost out? Call 1-800-722-8008 or visit drwhitaker.com Choose AutoDelivery, Get free shipping forever

Storage

To preserve quality and freshness, store bottle with cap tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formula

Includes Seanol, Nattokinase, and Tocotrienols

Contains: Soy

Each capsule provides 1,000 FU (fibrin units) of nattokinase activity.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Doctor's Suggested Use: Take 2 capsules daily with lunch or dinner.

Precautions

Contains: Soy

Precautions: Consult a health care practitioner before use if you take warfarin or other blood thinning products, or are pregnant or nursing, have a serious medical condition, or use any medications.

Keep out of reach of children.

Seals/Symbols

GF Gluten Free

Formulation

GF Gluten Free

General

SKU: CIR 02 C13000, 2018 R-1

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Circulate label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Iodine

Interacts with
7 drugs
6 mcg per serving

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements...

Iodine monograph & interactions

Mixed Tocotrienols

Interacts with
122 drugs
25 mg per serving

Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early resea...

Mixed Tocotrienols monograph & interactions

Brown Seaweed extract

Interacts with
22 drugs
300 mg per serving

Ascophyllum nodosum (often sold as bladderwrack or brown seaweed) is a nutrient-rich algae that people use for weight, blood sugar, and thyroid suppor...

Brown Seaweed extract monograph & interactions

Nattokinase

Interacts with
289 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Soy

Nattokinase is an enzyme from the fermented soybean food natto that may have mild blood-thinning and blood-flow effects. Some small studies hint at be...

Nattokinase monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dextrin, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Circulate?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
312Drugs
312 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Nattokinase 289
Mixed Tocotrienols 122
Brown Seaweed extract 22
Iodine 7

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Circulate interact with 312 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Circulate interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Nattokinase Mixed Tocotrienols Brown Seaweed extract Iodine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Circulate with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Nattokinase2 drug types · 289 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Nattokinase might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Nattokinase has thrombolytic and anticoagulant effects. There is a case report of intracranial hemorrhage in a patient who added nattokinase to aspirin therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, nattokinase might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research suggests that nattokinase may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nattokinase full monograph & interactions

Mixed Tocotrienols1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Taking tocotrienols orally inhibits experimentally-induced platelet aggregation in humans. Theoretically tocotrienols might increase the risk of bleeding if taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. However, tocotrienols 400-800 mg daily have been used with aspirin and/or clopidogrel for 1 year with no clear cumulative antiplatelet effects and no reports of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Mixed Tocotrienols full monograph & interactions

Brown Seaweed extract3 drug types · 22 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, combining Ascophyllum nodosum with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Ascophyllum nodosum contains iodine, although the bioavailability of iodine from Ascophyllum nodosum is lower than that of potassium iodide. Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Due to its iodine content, Ascophyllum nodosum might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Ascophyllum nodosum contains iodine, although the bioavailability of iodine from Ascophyllum nodosum is lower than that of potassium iodide. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Ascophyllum nodosum while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Due to its iodine content, Ascophyllum nodosum might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Ascophyllum nodosum contains iodine, although the bioavailability of iodine from Ascophyllum nodosum is lower than that of potassium iodide. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Ascophyllum nodosum while using thyroid hormone could alter the effects of thyroid hormone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Brown Seaweed extract full monograph & interactions

Iodine3 drug types · 7 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Combining iodine with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use with iodine might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Iodine might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking iodine while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Combining iodine with lithium might have additive hypothyroid effects.
Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. Several case reports suggest that concomitant use of lithium and potassium iodide can reduce thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Iodine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Circulate, from the product label.

Whitaker Nutrition

See all Whitaker Nutrition products
Name
Healthy Directions
City
Bethesda
State
MD
ZipCode
20817
Web Address
healthydirections.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Circulate by Whitaker Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Circulate has a known interaction with 312 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Circulate contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is iodine in this product safe if I take thyroid medication?
Iodine can interact with thyroid hormone replacement and antithyroid drugs—it may change how well they work. High-dose iodine can cause thyroid problems on its own. If you take any thyroid medication, check with your pharmacist first; you may need thyroid function monitoring if you do start it.
Can I take this with aspirin or other blood thinners?
Nattokinase in this product can increase bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. There's even a case report of serious brain bleeding from this combination. Definitely talk to your pharmacist before adding this product to any blood thinner.
What does nattokinase actually do?
Nattokinase is an enzyme from fermented soybeans that affects blood clotting and may reduce blood pressure slightly. Its effectiveness for heart disease, angina, atherosclerosis, and other conditions hasn't been clearly established in the research we hold. If you're sensitive to natto, you should avoid it—allergic reactions are possible.
Is it safe to take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are times when you should talk to your doctor first. Iodine is important in pregnancy, but high doses can harm the baby—use only what your doctor advises. Brown seaweed should be avoided due to its high iodine content and possible contaminants. Nattokinase and mixed tocotrienols lack enough safety data, so avoid them unless your doctor says otherwise.
What are the most common side effects of iodine?
Most people tolerate iodine well, but possible side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, a metallic taste, and rhinorrhea (runny nose). High doses or long-term use can cause thyroid problems, goiter, or acnelike skin lesions. Very rarely, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis occur.
How much iodine is in one capsule?
We don't have the dose per capsule in the product facts we hold. Check the label or call the manufacturer for exact amounts of each ingredient, especially since iodine doses matter for safety.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Circulate label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Circulate’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Iodine

Interacts with 7 drugs

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements help when you are truly deficient, but...

Read the full Iodine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tocotrienols

Interacts with 122 drugs

Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early research is interesting but far from conclusi...

Read the full Tocotrienols monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Ascophyllum Nodosum

Interacts with 22 drugs

Ascophyllum nodosum (often sold as bladderwrack or brown seaweed) is a nutrient-rich algae that people use for weight, blood sugar, and thyroid support, but solid human evidence is limited f...

Read the full Ascophyllum Nodosum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Nattokinase

Interacts with 289 drugs

Nattokinase is an enzyme from the fermented soybean food natto that may have mild blood-thinning and blood-flow effects. Some small studies hint at benefits for blood pressure and circulatio...

Read the full Nattokinase monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Circulate's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 44 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Iodine 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Goodman GA, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
  3. Ghent WR, Eskin BA, Low DA, Hill LP. Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast. Can J Surg 1993;36:453-60.
  4. Potassium iodide for nuclear exposure. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(12):171214.
  5. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  6. Cabezas C, Bustamante B, Holgado W, Begue RE. Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:352-4. PubMed
  7. Sterling JB, Heymann WR. Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:691-7. PubMed
  8. Yarrington CD, Pearce EN. Dietary iodine in pregnancy and postpartum. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2011;54:459-70. PubMed
  9. Goel, S., Mandhani, A., Srivastava, A., Kapoor, R., Gogoi, S., Kumar, A., and Bhandari, M. Is povidone iodine an alternative to silver nitrate for renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy in chyluria? BJU.Int 2004;94(7):1082-1085. PubMed
  10. Teng, W., Shan, Z., Teng, X., Guan, H., Li, Y., Teng, D., Jin, Y., Yu, X., Fan, C., Chong, W., Yang, F., Dai, H., Yu, Y., Li, J., Chen, Y., Zhao, D., Shi, X., Hu, F., Mao, J., Gu, X., Yang, R., Tong, Y., Wang, W., Gao, T., and Li, C. Effect of iodine int
  11. Crawford, B. A., Cowell, C. T., Emder, P. J., Learoyd, D. L., Chua, E. L., Sinn, J., and Jack, M. M. Iodine toxicity from soy milk and seaweed ingestion is associated with serious thyroid dysfunction. Med J Aust. 10-4-2010;193(7):413-415. PubMed
  12. Ohkuma, M. Molluscum contagiosum treated with iodine solution and salicylic acid plaster. Int J Dermatol. 1990;29(6):443-445. PubMed
  13. Connelly KJ, Boston BA, Pearce EN, Sesser D, Snyder D, Braverman LE, Pino S, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism caused by excess prenatal maternal iodine ingestion. J Pediatr. 2012 Oct;161(4):760-2. PubMed
  14. Kasahara T, Narumi S, Okasora K, Takaya R, Tamai H, Hasegawa T. Delayed onset congenital hypothyroidism in a patient with DUOX2 mutations and maternal iodine excess. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Jan;161A(1):214-7.
  15. Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Iñiguez C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Estarlich M, Plaza B, Barona-Vilar C, Espada M, Vioque J, Ballester F. Effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr 1;173(7):8 PubMed
  16. Sang Z, Wang PP, Yao Z, Shen J, Halfyard B, Tan L, Zhao N, Wu Y, Gao S, Tan J, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang W. Exploration of the safe upper level of iodine intake in euthyroid Chinese adults: a randomized double-blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):367-73 PubMed
  17. Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Wierckx K, Delanghe JR, Kaufman JM. Value and pitfalls in iodine fortification and supplementation in the 21st century. Br J Nutr. 2011 Oct;106(7):964-73. PubMed
  18. Yun SE, Kang Y, Bae EJ, Hwang K, Jang HN, Cho HS, Chang SH, Park DJ. Iodine-induced thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis after ingestion of Salicornia herbace. Ren Fail. 2014 Apr;36(3):461-3.
  19. Iodine Hypersensitivity. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2011; 27(5):270504.
  20. Hammel JA, Selby JC. Pustular eruption in a patient with cancer treated with complementary and alternative medicine. JAMA Dermatology 2017 October; E1. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3749. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  21. Gil GS, Smith BW, Guerra JR, Williams WT. Acute Delirium in a Hypothyroid Patient Precipitated by Iodine Supplements Use. Am J Ther. 2018;25(6):e717-e718. PubMed
  22. Hamby T, Kunnel N, Dallas JS, Wilson DP. Maternal iodine excess: an uncommon cause of acquired neonatal hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018;31(9):1061-1064. PubMed
  23. Censi S, Watutantrige-Fernando S, Groccia G, et al. The Effects of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy on Iodine Status, Thyroglobulin Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in a Mild-to-Moderate Iodine
  24. Rovner MS, Wolf BJ, Rubin M, et al. Instillation of 5% Povidone-Iodine Ophthalmic Drops Decreases the Respiratory Rate in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(6):378-382. PubMed
  25. Guenezan J, Garcia M, Strasters D, et al. Povidone Iodine Mouthwash, Gargle, and Nasal Spray to Reduce Nasopharyngeal Viral Load in Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;147(4):400-401. PubMed
  26. Li F, Wan S, Zhang L, et al. A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Iodine Excess on the Intellectual Development of Children in Areas with High Iodine Levels in their Drinking Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022;200(4):1580-1590. PubMed

See these in context on the Iodine monograph →

Tocotrienols 4 references
  1. Mensink RP, van Houwelingen AC, Kromhout D, Hornstra G. A vitamin E concentrate rich in tocotrienols had no effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins, or platelet function in men with mildly elevated serum lipid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:213-9. PubMed
  2. Baumann LS, Spencer JS. The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:311-5. PubMed
  3. Khoo TL, Halim AS, Zakaria Z, Mat Saad AZ, Wu LY, Lau HY. A prospective, randomised, double-blinded trial to study the efficacy of topical tocotrienol in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011 Jun;64(6):e137-45. Epub 201 PubMed
  4. Slivka A, Rink C, Paoletto D, Sen CK. Platelet function in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients treated with tocotrienol. FASEB J. 2020;34(9):11838-11843. PubMed

See these in context on the Tocotrienols monograph →

Ascophyllum Nodosum 5 references
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  2. Sterling JB, Heymann WR. Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:691-7. PubMed
  3. Combet E, Ma ZF, Cousins F, et al. Low-level seaweed supplementation improves iodine status in iodine-insufficient women. Br J Nutr 2014;112:753-61. PubMed
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See these in context on the Ascophyllum Nodosum monograph →

Nattokinase 9 references
  1. Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in rat femoral artery. Life Sci 2003;73:1289-98.. PubMed
  2. Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enchancement of fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol 1990;84:139-43.
  3. Chang, Y. Y., Liu, J. S., Lai, S. L., Wu, H. S., and Lan, M. Y. Cerebellar hemorrhage provoked by combined use of nattokinase and aspirin in a patient with cerebral microbleeds. Intern Med 2008;47(5):467-469. PubMed
  4. Kim, J. Y., Gum, S. N., Paik, J. K., Lim, H. H., Kim, K. C., Ogasawara, K., Inoue, K., Park, S., Jang, Y., and Lee, J. H. Effects of nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertens.Res 2008;31(8):1583-1588. PubMed
  5. <p>Maruyama M, Sumi H (eds): Effect of natto diet on blood pressure, in Basic and Clinical Aspects of Japanese Traditional Food Natto II. Japan Technology Transfer Association (JTTAS), 1998, pp 1–3.</p>
  6. Kurosawa Y, Nirengi S, Homma T, et al. A single-dose of oral nattokinase potentiates thrombolysis and anti-coagulation profiles. Sci Rep 2015;5:11601. PubMed
  7. Ramachandran L, Aqeel A, Jafri A, Sidhu Y, Mohamed Djirdeh T. Nattokinase-associated hemoperitoneum in an elderly woman. Cureus 2021;13(12):e20074. PubMed
  8. Awatani-Yoshidome K, Hashimoto T, Satoh T. Anaphylaxis from nattokinase in a patient with fermented soybean (natto) allergy. Allergol Int 2022;71(1):153-4. PubMed
  9. Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Sato N, Futamura K, Matsunaga K, Yagami A. Nattokinase, a subtilisin family serine protease, is a novel allergen contained in the traditional Japanese fermented food natto. Allergol Int 2022.

See these in context on the Nattokinase monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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