CS-W Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Pure Herbs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking CS-W against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
CS-W is a dietary supplement by Pure Herbs with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for nerve pain (neuropathy), muscle and joint pain (arthritis), back pain.Based on those ingredients, 692 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Motherwort Aerial Parts Extract, Habanero Pepper Fruit Extract, Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against CS-W by Pure Herbs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with CS-W by Pure Herbs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of CS-W by Pure Herbs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Pure Herbs CS-W contains six active ingredients in a proprietary blend plus four others individually listed. The habanero pepper fruit extract supplies capsicum, known for pain relief in conditions like shingles nerve pain and diabetic nerve damage.
Blessed thistle, myrrh resin, motherwort, and hawthorn flower/fruit/leaf are traditional botanical extracts added for various purposes — though the evidence supporting most of them is limited or not yet established in our data. Lily-of-the-valley root extract is also included; this ingredient requires particular caution because it contains cardiac glycosides, powerful compounds that affect heart function and carry serious safety concerns.
The product contains no other inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Capsicum is likely effective for shingles nerve pain and diabetic nerve damage, and possibly effective for cluster headaches and back pain.
For the other ingredients — blessed thistle, myrrh, motherwort, hawthorn, and lily-of-the-valley — either the evidence is insufficient to rate their effectiveness or, in some cases, research suggests they may not work for their traditional uses. Before taking this product, understand that most of what's in it lacks solid proof of benefit.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Capsicum is generally well tolerated in food amounts, but this concentrated supplement form isn't well studied at higher doses; common side effects from oral use include belching, bloating, burning sensations, diarrhea, nausea, and flushing. Blessed thistle and motherwort are considered likely unsafe in pregnancy because they're traditionally thought to stimulate the uterus, and blessed thistle at high doses can cause nausea or vomiting.
Myrrh and hawthorn also lack safety data in pregnancy and should be avoided. Lily-of-the-valley is particularly concerning — all parts are poisonous and can cause life-threatening heart rhythm problems; it is likely unsafe during pregnancy and lactation.
For nursing mothers, safety of the concentrated supplements hasn't been established for most ingredients.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, ask your pharmacist or doctor about any heart medications (especially digoxin or corticosteroids taken long-term), blood pressure drugs (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like Viagra), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin or aspirin), diabetes medications, diuretics, lithium, theophylline, certain antibiotics (macrolides or tetracyclines), quinine, and over-the-counter acid reducers or laxatives. Altogether, these interactions span 692 individual medications.
If you take any of these drug types, this supplement is not safe to add without professional guidance.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product is not suitable for anyone with a heart condition, anyone taking digoxin or other cardiac medications, or anyone on blood pressure or blood thinning medications without their doctor's explicit approval first. If you're pregnant or nursing, talk with your pharmacist or doctor before considering it — several ingredients carry safety warnings.
Even if you take no other medications, the presence of lily-of-the-valley (a poisonous plant with cardiac risks) and the limited evidence for most ingredients make this a supplement to discuss carefully with your pharmacist or doctor beforehand.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 22, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about CS-W, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Pure Herbs |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 22, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 280003 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for CS-W by Pure Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 1969 mg | -- |
| Habanero Pepper Fruit Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Blessed Thistle Aerial Parts Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Myrrh Resin Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Lily of the Valley Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Motherwort Aerial Parts Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: None
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: For adults, mix 2 mL (abt. 1/2 tsp) of extract in 2 fl. oz (60 mL) water one time daily preferably with a meal.
Shake well before use
Formulation
Supports a healthy circulatory system. Supports digestive function.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Warning: Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women. If you have a medical condition or are taking medication, consult your doctor prior to use.
Discontinue use and consult with your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.
Keep out of reach of children
Brand IP Statement(s)
Pure Herbs, Ltd. Natural Herbal Extracts
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
"No expense has been spared to provide the finest nature has to offer."
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
CS-W by Pure Herbs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in CS-W by Pure Herbs
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
CS-W by Pure Herbs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Pure Herbs CS-W is a liquid supplement with six active ingredients, and it does interact with a number of medications.
The most serious concerns come from lily-of-the-valley, which contains cardiac glycosides (compounds that affect the heart). Using it with digoxin (a heart medication), prolonged corticosteroid therapy, or quinine can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity — a Major severity interaction that can be life-threatening.
Hawthorn also carries Major interactions with nitrates and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (like sildenafil), both of which can cause dangerous drops in blood pressure when combined.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Several other drug types have Moderate interactions. Capsicum (from habanero pepper) may increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin, raise low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) risk with diabetes medications, and affect theophylline levels.
Myrrh can also trigger low blood sugar with diabetes drugs and may reduce warfarin's effectiveness. Lily-of-the-valley interacts with diuretics, lithium, stimulant laxatives, and certain antibiotics — all through its cardiac glycoside content.
Hawthorn similarly affects beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, blood thinners, and digoxin. Blessed thistle and motherwort carry Minor interactions with acid-reducing medications and CNS depressants, respectively.
Although we checked five of the six ingredients, we could not find interaction data for the proprietary blend listed first. That means any interactions its unlisted components might have aren't reflected here.
Run your exact medications through the checker below before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against CS-W?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in CS-W interact with 692 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 6 ingredients in CS-W interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Motherwort Aerial Parts Extract Habanero Pepper Fruit Extract Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract Lily of the Valley Root Extract Myrrh Resin Extract Blessed Thistle Aerial Parts Extract
AvanafilStendra
How Avanafil interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Avanafil interactionAzelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone PropionateDymista
How Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate interactionBeclometasone DipropionateBecotide
How Beclometasone Dipropionate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Beclometasone Dipropionate interactionBeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril
How Beclomethasone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Beclomethasone interactionBeclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar
How Beclomethasone Dipropionate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Beclomethasone Dipropionate interactionBetamethasoneCelestone, Diprolene AF, Diprosone
How Betamethasone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Betamethasone interactionBetamethasone DipropionateSernivo
How Betamethasone Dipropionate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Betamethasone Dipropionate interactionBetamethasone Dipropionate, CalcipotrieneEnstilar, Wynzora
How Betamethasone Dipropionate, Calcipotriene interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Betamethasone Dipropionate, Calcipotriene interactionBetamethasone ValerateLuxiq
How Betamethasone Valerate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Betamethasone Valerate interactionBudesonideEntocort EC, Eohilia, Pulmicort, Tarpeyo, Uceris
How Budesonide interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Budesonide interactionClobetasolClobex, Temovate
How Clobetasol interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Clobetasol interactionCortisone AcetateCortisone Tablets, Cortone
How Cortisone Acetate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Cortisone Acetate interactionDexamethasoneDecadron, Dexone, Dextenza, Dexycu, Hemady, Hexadrol +1 more
How Dexamethasone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Dexamethasone interactionDigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with CS-W — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Using lily-of-the-valley with digoxin can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Digoxin interactionHawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Digoxin interactionFinasteride, TadalafilEntadfi
How Finasteride, Tadalafil interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionFludrocortisoneFlorinef Acetate
How Fludrocortisone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Fludrocortisone interactionFluticasoneFlixotide, Flonase, Flovent, Seretide, Veramyst
How Fluticasone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Fluticasone interactionFluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium, VilanterolTrelegy Ellipta
How Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium, Vilanterol interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium, Vilanterol interactionFluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol TrifenatateBreo Ellipta
How Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate interactionGlyceryl TrinitrateNitronal
How Glyceryl Trinitrate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Glyceryl Trinitrate interactionHydrocortisoneAlkindi Sprinkle, Alphaderm, Calmurid HC, Carmol HC cream, Cortef, Dioderm +8 more
How Hydrocortisone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Hydrocortisone interactionIsosorbide DinitrateAngitak, Cedocard Retard, Isoket, Isoket Retard, Isordil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Isosorbide Dinitrate interactionIsosorbide Dinitrate, HydralazineBiDil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionIsosorbide MononitrateAngeze, Angeze SR, Chemydur 60XL, Dynamin, Elantan, Elantan LA +13 more
How Isosorbide Mononitrate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Isosorbide Mononitrate interactionMacitentan, TadalafilOpsynvi
How Macitentan, Tadalafil interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionMethylprednisoloneMedrol, Medrol Dosepak
How Methylprednisolone interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Methylprednisolone interactionNicorandilAprior, Dancor, Ikorel, Sigmart, Zynicor
How Nicorandil interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Nicorandil interactionNitroglycerinGonitro, Nitro Time, Nitro-Bid, Nitrocine Timecaps, Nitrogard, Nitrogard SR +7 more
How Nitroglycerin interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Nitroglycerin interactionOlopatadine Hydrochloride, Mometasone FuroateRyaltris
How Olopatadine Hydrochloride, Mometasone Furoate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Lily Of The Valley Root ExtractCorticosteroids Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Read the full Lily Of The Valley Root Extract + Olopatadine Hydrochloride, Mometasone Furoate interactionPentaerythritol TetranitratePeritrate, Peritrate SA
How Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interacts with CS-W — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract + Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in CS-W with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Motherwort Aerial Parts Extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking motherwort concomitantly with other CNS depressants may increase the risk of sedation.
Motherwort has been reported to cause CNS depression and sedation.
Habanero Pepper Fruit Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.
Aspirin
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.
Theophylline
Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.
Hawthorn Flower, Fruit, Leaf Extract
Nitrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.
Beta-Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.
Lily of the Valley Root Extract
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with prolonged corticosteroid therapy can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Concomitant, long-term corticosteroid use can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Using lily-of-the-valley with digoxin can cause cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Use of the cardiac glycoside digoxin and lily-of-the-valley concomitantly increases the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Quinine
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with quinine can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Quinine may reduce the clearance of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of quinine with lily-of-the-valley might reduce the clearance of cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley and increase the risk of toxicity.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with diuretics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. Concomitant use of potassium depleting diuretics and lily-of-the-valley can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity due to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance.
Lithium
Theoretically, lily-of-the-valley can increase levels of lithium and increase toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lily-of-the-valley might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Macrolide Antibiotics
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with macrolide antibiotics can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Macrolide antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of macrolide antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Lily-of-the-valley contains cardiac glycosides. The overuse of stimulant laxatives can increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity with lily-of-the-valley due to potassium depletion.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin, a cardiac glycoside. Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracycline antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardiac glycosides found in lily-of-the-valley.
Myrrh Resin Extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, myrrh might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that myrrh has hypoglycemic effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, myrrh might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
In one case, a patient who was previously stable on warfarin had a significant decline in international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of an aqueous extract of myrrh.
Blessed Thistle Aerial Parts Extract
Antacids
Theoretically, blessed thistle might decrease the effectiveness of antacids.
There are reports that blessed thistle increases stomach acid.
H2-Blockers
Theoretically, blessed thistle might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers.
There are reports that blessed thistle increases stomach acid.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)
Theoretically, blessed thistle might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs.
There are reports that blessed thistle increases stomach acid.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for CS-W, from the product label.
Pure Herbs
See all Pure Herbs products- Name
- Pure Herbs, Ltd.
- City
- Sterling Heights
- State
- MI
- Phone Number
- (800) 860-4372
- Web Address
- www.pureherbs.com
CS-W by Pure Herbs: Common Questions
Does CS-W by Pure Herbs interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is lily-of-the-valley really poisonous?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What does capsicum (habanero pepper) actually do in this product?
Why does this product have so many drug interactions?
Is the evidence good for blessed thistle, myrrh, or motherwort?
What are the most common side effects I might notice?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if CS-W is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind CS-W’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Capsicum
Interacts with 239 drugsCapsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...
Read the full Capsicum monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlessed Thistle
Interacts with 36 drugsBlessed thistle is a bitter herb traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease mild digestive complaints. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits are not well proven. It...
Read the full Blessed Thistle monograph → Herb & supplement monographMyrrh
Interacts with 88 drugsMyrrh is a fragrant gum resin from Commiphora trees that has long been used in mouthwashes, throat remedies, and skin care. Modern evidence for most of its uses is limited and comes mostly f...
Read the full Myrrh monograph → Herb & supplement monographLily-of-the-valley
Interacts with 157 drugsLily-of-the-valley is a poisonous plant that contains powerful heart-affecting compounds called cardiac glycosides, similar to the drug digoxin. While it was used historically for heart cond...
Read the full Lily-of-the-valley monograph → Herb & supplement monographMotherwort
Interacts with 248 drugsMotherwort is a traditional herb in the mint family long used for anxiety, heart palpitations, and women's reproductive complaints, but solid human evidence is very limited. It should be avo...
Read the full Motherwort monograph → Herb & supplement monographHawthorn
Interacts with 191 drugsHawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...
Read the full Hawthorn monograph →Sources & How We Checked
CS-W's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 137 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Capsicum 89 references
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Cooper RL, Cooper MM. Red pepper-induced dermatitis in breast-fed infants. Dermatol 1996;93:61-2. PubMed
- Millqvist E. Cough provocation with capsaicin is an objective way to test sensory hyperreactivity in patients with asthma-like symptoms. Allergy 2000;55:546-50. DOI
- Locock RA. Capsicum. Can Pharm J 1985;118:517-9.
- Mason L, Moore RA, Derry S, et al. Systematic review of topical capsaicin for the treatment of chronic pain. BMJ 2004;328:991. PubMed
- Schmulson MJ, Valdovinos MA, Milke P. Chili pepper and rectal hyperalgesia in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1214-5. PubMed
- Surh YJ, Lee SS. Capsaicin in hot chili pepper: carcinogen, co-carcinogen or anticarcinogen? Food Chem Toxicol 1996;34:313-6. PubMed
- Bouraoui A, Brazier JL, Zouaghi H, Rousseau M. Theophylline pharmacokinetics and metabolism in rabbits following single and repeated administration of Capsicum fruit. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1995;20:173-8.
- Hogaboam CM, Wallace JL. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by capsaicin. An effect unrelated to actions on sensory afferent neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;202:129-31. PubMed
- Wang JP, Hsu MF, Teng CM. Antiplatelet effect of capsaicin. Thromb Res 1984;36:497-507. PubMed
- Williams SR, Clark RF, Dunford JV. Contact dermatitis associated with capsaicin: Hunan hand syndrome. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25:713-5. PubMed
- Zollman TM, Bragg RM, Harrison DA. Clinical effects of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) on the human cornea and conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2186-9. PubMed
- Bortolotti M, Coccia G, Grossi G, Miglioli M. The treatment of functional dyspepsia with red pepper. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:1075-82. PubMed
- Hakas JF Jr. Topical capsaicin induces cough in patient receiving ACE inhibitor. Ann Allergy 1990;65:322-3.
- Rapoport AM, Bigal ME, Tepper SJ, Sheftell FD. Intranasal medications for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache. CNS Drugs 2004;18:671-85. PubMed
- Stjarne P, Rinder J, Heden-Blomquist E, et al. Capsaicin desensitization of the nasal mucosa reduces symptoms upon allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1998;118:235-9. PubMed
- Levy RL. Intranasal capsaicin for acute abortive treatment of migraine without aura. Headache 1995;35:277.
- Fusco BM, Marabini S, Maggi CA, et al. Preventative effect of repeated nasal applications of capsaicin in cluster headache. Pain 1994;59:321-5. PubMed
- Sicuteri F, Fusco BM, Marabini S, et al. Beneficial effect of capsaicin application to the nasal mucosa in cluster headache. Clin J Pain 1989;5:49-53. PubMed
- Marabini S, Ciabatti PG, Polli G, et al. Beneficial effects of intranasal applications of capsaicin in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1991;248:191-4. PubMed
- Frerick H, Keitel W, Kuhn U, et al. Topical treatment of chronic low back pain with a capsicum plaster. Pain 2003;106:59-64. PubMed
- Keitel W, Frerick H, Kuhn U, et al. Capsicum pain plaster in chronic non-specific low back pain. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:896-903. PubMed
- Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47. PubMed
- Sumano-López H, Gutiérrez-Olvera L, Aguilera-Jiménez R, et al. Administration of ciprofloxacin and capsaicin in rats to achieve higher maximal serum concentrations. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(5):286-90. PubMed
- Wanwimolruk S, Nyika S, Kepple M, et al. Effects of capsaicin on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, theophylline and quinine in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1993;45(7):618-21. PubMed
- Cruz L, Castañeda-Hernández G, Navarrete A. Ingestion of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral asprin administration in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol.
- Rodriguez-Stanley, S., Collings, K. L., Robinson, M., Owen, W., and Miner, P. B., Jr. The effects of capsaicin on reflux, gastric emptying and dyspepsia. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. 2000;14(1):129-134. PubMed
- Brown, L., Takeuchi, D., and Challoner, K. Corneal abrasions associated with pepper spray exposure. Am.J.Emerg.Med. 2000;18(3):271-272. PubMed
- Vesaluoma, M., Muller, L., Gallar, J., Lambiase, A., Moilanen, J., Hack, T., Belmonte, C., and Tervo, T. Effects of oleoresin capsicum pepper spray on human corneal morphology and sensitivity. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2000;41(8):2138-2147.
- Stam, C., Bonnet, M. S., and van Haselen, R. A. The efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel in the treatment of acute low back pain: a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind comparative clinical trial. Br Homeopath J 2001;90(1):21-28. PubMed
- Olajos, E. J. and Salem, H. Riot control agents: pharmacology, toxicology, biochemistry and chemistry. J.Appl.Toxicol. 2001;21(5):355-391. PubMed
- Fett, D. D. Botanical briefs: Capsicum peppers. Cutis 2003;72(1):21-23.
- McCarthy, G. M. and McCarty, D. J. Effect of topical capsaicin in the therapy of painful osteoarthritis of the hands. J.Rheumatol. 1992;19(4):604-607.
- Chaiyata, P., Puttadechakum, S., and Komindr, S. Effect of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) ingestion on plasma glucose response and metabolic rate in Thai women. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2003;86(9):854-860.
- Petruzzi, M., Lauritano, D., De Benedittis, M., Baldoni, M., and Serpico, R. Systemic capsaicin for burning mouth syndrome: short-term results of a pilot study. J.Oral Pathol.Med. 2004;33(2):111-114. PubMed
- Misra, M. N., Pullani, A. J., and Mohamed, Z. U. Prevention of PONV by acustimulation with capsicum plaster is comparable to ondansetron after middle ear surgery: [La prevention des NVPO par acustimulation avec un emplatre de Capsicum est comparable a ce PubMed
- Milke, P., Diaz, A., Valdovinos, M. A., and Moran, S. Gastroesophageal reflux in healthy subjects induced by two different species of chilli (Capsicum annum). Dig.Dis. 2006;24(1-2):184-188.
- de Jong, N. W., van der Steen, J. J., Smeekens, C. C., Blacquiere, T., Mulder, P. G., van Wijk, R. G., and de Groot, H. Honeybee interference as a novel aid to reduce pollen exposure and nasal symptoms among greenhouse workers allergic to sweet bell pepp
- Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.
- Tandan, R., Lewis, G. A., Krusinski, P. B., Badger, G. B., and Fries, T. J. Topical capsaicin in painful diabetic neuropathy. Controlled study with long-term follow-up. Diabetes Care 1992;15(1):8-14. PubMed
- Gupta, P. J. Red hot chilli consumption is harmful in patients operated for anal fissure - a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Dig.Surg. 2007;24(5):354-357. PubMed
- Patane, S., Marte, F., Di Bella, G., Cerrito, M., and Coglitore, S. Capsaicin, arterial hypertensive crisis and acute myocardial infarction associated with high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone. Int.J Cardiol. 5-1-2009;134(1):130-132. PubMed
- Gupta, P. J. Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, crossover trial. Arq Gastroenterol. 2008;45(2):124-127. PubMed
- Gupta, P. J. Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. Ann.Ital.Chir 2008;79(5):347-351.
- Patane, S., Marte, F., La Rosa, F. C., and La, Rocca R. Capsaicin and arterial hypertensive crisis. Int J Cardiol. 10-8-2010;144(2):e26-e27. PubMed
- Chaiyasit, K., Khovidhunkit, W., and Wittayalertpanya, S. Pharmacokinetic and the effect of capsaicin in Capsicum frutescens on decreasing plasma glucose level. J Med.Assoc.Thai. 2009;92(1):108-113.
- Blanc, P., Liu, D., Juarez, C., and Boushey, H. A. Cough in hot pepper workers. Chest 1991;99(1):27-32. PubMed
- Akcay, A. B., Ozcan, T., Seyis, S., and Acele, A. Coronary vasospasm and acute myocardial infarction induced by a topical capsaicin patch. Turk.Kardiyol.Dern.Ars 2009;37(7):497-500.
- van Boxel, O. S., ter Linde, J. J., Siersema, P. D., and Smout, A. J. Role of chemical stimulation of the duodenum in dyspeptic symptom generation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):803-811. PubMed
- Niemcunowicz-Janica, A., Ptaszynska-Sarosiek, I., and Wardaszka, Z. [Sudden death caused by an oleoresin capsicum spray]. Arch.Med.Sadowej.Kryminol. 2009;59(3):252-254.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., and Schempp, C. M. Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11(4):247-267. PubMed
- McCormack, P. L. Capsaicin dermal patch: in non-diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Drugs 10-1-2010;70(14):1831-1842. PubMed
- Bortolotti, M. and Porta, S. Effect of red pepper on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary study. Dig.Dis.Sci 2011;56(11):3288-3295. PubMed
- Webster, L. R., Peppin, J. F., Murphy, F. T., Lu, B., Tobias, J. K., and Vanhove, G. F. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of NGX-4010, capsaicin 8% patch, in an open-label study of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 PubMed
- Gerber, S., Frueh, B. E., and Tappeiner, C. Conjunctival proliferation after a mild pepper spray injury in a young child. Cornea 2011;30(9):1042-1044. PubMed
- Lim, L. G., Tay, H., and Ho, K. Y. Curry induces acid reflux and symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig.Dis.Sci 2011;56(12):3546-3550. PubMed
- Ludy, M. J., Moore, G. E., and Mattes, R. D. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans. Chem Senses 2012;37(2):103-121. PubMed
- Sayin, M. R., Karabag, T., Dogan, S. M., Akpinar, I., and Aydin, M. A case of acute myocardial infarction due to the use of cayenne pepper pills. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr. 2012;124(7-8):285-287. PubMed
- Bley, K., Boorman, G., Mohammad, B., McKenzie, D., and Babbar, S. A comprehensive review of the carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic potential of capsaicin. Toxicol.Pathol. 2012;40(6):847-873. PubMed
- Derry, S. and Moore, R. A. Topical capsaicin (low concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;9:CD010111. PubMed
- Tominack, R. L. and Spyker, D. A. Capsicum and capsaicin--a review: case report of the use of hot peppers in child abuse. J.Toxicol.Clin.Toxicol. 1987;25(7):591-601. PubMed
- Schuurs, A. H., Abraham-Inpijn, L., van Straalen, J. P., and Sastrowijoto, S. H. An unusual case of black teeth. Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol. 1987;64(4):427-431. PubMed
- Kumar, N., Vij, J. C., Sarin, S. K., and Anand, B. S. Do chillies influence healing of duodenal ulcer? Br.Med.J.(Clin.Res.Ed) 6-16-1984;288(6433):1803-1804. PubMed
- Steffee, C. H., Lantz, P. E., Flannagan, L. M., Thompson, R. L., and Jason, D. R. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper) spray and "in-custody deaths". Am.J.Forensic Med.Pathol. 1995;16(3):185-192. PubMed
- Knight, T. E. and Hayashi, T. Solar (brachioradial) pruritus--response to capsaicin cream. Int.J.Dermatol. 1994;33(3):206-209. DOI
- Watson, W. A., Stremel, K. R., and Westdorp, E. J. Oleoresin capsicum (Cap-Stun) toxicity from aerosol exposure. Ann.Pharmacother. 1996;30(7-8):733-735. PubMed
- Busker, R. W. and van Helden, H. P. Toxicologic evaluation of pepper spray as a possible weapon for the Dutch police force: risk assessment and efficacy. Am.J.Forensic Med.Pathol. 1998;19(4):309-316. PubMed
- Sausenthaler, S., Koletzko, S., Schaaf, B., Lehmann, I., Borte, M., Herbarth, O., von Berg, A., Wichmann, H. E., and Heinrich, J. Maternal diet during pregnancy in relation to eczema and allergic sensitization in the offspring at 2 y of age. Am J Clin Nu PubMed
- Bleuel I, Zinkernagel M, Tschopp M, Tappeiner C. Association of bilateral acute anterior uveitis with a capsaicin patch. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013;21(5):394-5. PubMed
- Casanueva B, Rodero B, Quintial C, Llorca J, González-Gay MA. Short-term efficacy of topical capsaicin therapy in severely affected fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2013;33(10):2665-70. PubMed
- Copeland S, Nugent K. Persistent respiratory symptoms following prolonged capsaicin exposure. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2013;4(4):211-5.
- García-Menaya JM, Cordobés -Durán C, Bobadilla-González P, et al. Anaphylactic reaction to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) in a patient with a latex-fruit syndrome. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2014;42(3):263-5. PubMed
- Kim DH, Yoon KB, Park S, et al. Comparison of NSAID patch given as monotherapy and NSAID patch in combination with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, a heating pad, or topical capsaicin in the treatment of patients with myofascial pain syndrome o
- Kulkantrakorn K, Lorsuwansiri C, Meesawatsom P. 0.025% capsaicin gel for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Pract. 2013;13(6):497-503. PubMed
- Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H, Ozcelik H. The impact of capsaicin intake on risk of developing gastric cancers: a meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2014;45(3):334-41. PubMed
- Sandor B, Papp J, Mozsik G, et al. Orally given gastroprotective capsaicin does not modify aspirin-induced platelet aggregation in healthy male volunteers (human phase I examination). Acta Physiol Hung. 2014 Dec;101(4):429-37. PubMed
- Van Nooten F, Treur M, Pantiri K, Stoker M, Charokopou M. Capsaicin 8% patch versus oral neuropathic pain medications for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2017 Ap PubMed
- Simpson DM, Robinson-Papp J, Van J, et al. Capsaicin 8% patch in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pain. 2017 Jan;18(1):42-53. PubMed
- Campbell CM, Diamond E, Schmidt WK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of injected capsaicin for pain in Morton's neuroma. Pain. 2016 Jun;157(6):1297-304. PubMed
- Jorgensen MR, Pedersen AM. Analgesic effect of topical oral capsaicin gel in burning mouth syndrome. Acta Odontol Scand. 2017 Mar;75(2):130-6.
- Yuan LJ, Qin Y, Wang L, et al. Capsaicin-containing chili improved postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and fasting lipid disorders in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and lowered the incidence of large-for-gestational-age newborns. Clin PubMed
- Dean DJ, Sabagha N, Rose K, et al. A pilot trial of topical capsaicin cream for treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Acad Emerg Med. 2020;27(11):1166-1172. PubMed
- Jang HH, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee YM. Effects of Capsicum annuum supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20912. PubMed
- Joseph MSc A, John PhD F, Thomas MSc JV, Sivadasan SDP, Maliakel PhD B, Mohan PhD R, I M K. Influence of a novel food-grade formulation of red chili extract (Capsicum annum) on overweight subjects: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J D
- Kocak AO, Dogruyol S, Akbas I, et al. Comparison of topical capsaicin and topical piroxicam in the treatment of acute trauma-induced pain: A randomized double-blind trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(9):1767-1771. PubMed
- Lassen CL, Meyer K, Bredthauer A, Klier TW. Facial and oral cross-contamination of a 3-year-old child with high concentration capsaicin: A case report. A A Pract. 2020;14(9):e01258. PubMed
- Predel HG, Ebel-Bitoun C, Peil B, Weiser TW, Lange R. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac?+?capsaicin gel in patients with acute back/neck pain: A multicenter randomized controlled study. Pain Ther. 2020;9(1):279-296. PubMed
- Umigai N, Kozai Y, Saito T, Takara T. Effects of paprika carotenoid supplementation on bone turnover in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Food Nutr Res. 2020;64. PubMed
- Trin K, Perino J, Allouchery M, Géniaux H, Miremont G, Salvo F. Second-degree burn induced by high-concentration topical capsaicin with mobility sequelae: A case report. Pain Pract 2023;23(2):216-219. PubMed
Blessed Thistle 2 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Myrrh 8 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Al Faraj S. Antagonism of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin caused by the use of Commiphora molmol as a herbal medication: a case report. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2005;99:219-20.
- Al-Jaroudi D, Kaddour O, Al-Amin N. Risks of myrrh use in pregnancy. JBRA Assist Reprod 2016;20(4):257-8.
- Xu YY, Li L, Xuan L, Guan K. Patch test diagnosis of non-immediate cutaneous reaction to myrrh following oral intake of a traditional Chinese medicine decoction. Contact Dermatitis. 2019;80(2):135-136. PubMed
- Al-Romaiyan A, Huang GC, Jones P, Persaud S. Commiphora myrrha stimulates insulin secretion from mouse and human islets of Langerhans. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jan 10;264:113075. PubMed
Lily-of-the-valley 7 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
- Alexandre J, Foucault A, Coutance G, et al. Digitalis intoxication induced by an acute accidental poisoning by lily of the valley. Circulation 2012 Feb 28;125(8):1053-5. PubMed
Motherwort 6 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Wojtyniak K, Szymanski M, Matlawska I. Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort): a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2013;27(8):1115-20.
- Xia WT, Zhou H, Wang Y, et al. Motherwort injection in preventing post-abortion hemorrhage after induced abortion: A multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2019. pii: S1550-8307(19)30447-1. PubMed
- Cao Shan DOSOGC, Zhang W, Zhao Z, et al. Post-marketing safety surveillance and reevaluation of Motherwort injection: A clinical study of 10 094 cases. J Tradit Chin Med. 2018 Aug;38(4):625-635. DOI
Hawthorn 25 references
- Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
- Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
- Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
- Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
- Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
- Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
- Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
- Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
- Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
- Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. PubMed
- Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. DOI
- Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
- Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. PubMed
- Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
- Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
- Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
- Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
- Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
- Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
- Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
- Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
- Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
- Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC