Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 7 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GHTX Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MM Sports Nutrition

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

GHTX is a dietary supplement by MM Sports Nutrition with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 601 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Mucuna pruriens, L-Glutamine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary GHTX Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,525 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

GHTX contains 9 active and inactive ingredients. The active components include L-glutamine (an amino acid), L-glycine (another amino acid), L-lysine (amino acid), gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA (a neurotransmitter), Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (amino acid derivative), Colostrum (immune and growth factors from early milk), Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (amino acid derivative), Mucuna pruriens (a legume containing levodopa, a compound related to dopamine), and Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine or alpha-GPC (a choline compound).

The product also contains inactive ingredients: magnesium stearate, rice powder, and a gelatin capsule.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: lean muscle mass and growth hormone support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Muscle strength, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery, Wound healing — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Ornithine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Postoperative recovery.
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

The evidence for GHTX's ingredients is mixed. L-glutamine is rated effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness.

Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate is possibly effective for athletic performance. Alpha-GPC is possibly effective for Alzheimer disease.

L-glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia. For most other claimed uses — including L-lysine for cold sores (possibly effective), GABA for anxiety or athletic performance, and Mucuna pruriens for Parkinson disease — the evidence is insufficient to establish benefit.

Long-term effectiveness data are generally limited.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though people with kidney or liver disease should use it only under medical supervision; common side effects include bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. L-glycine is generally well tolerated at typical doses, though long-term safety data are limited; rare side effects include mild sedation and gastrointestinal upset.

L-lysine is generally well tolerated at typical doses; high amounts may cause stomach upset, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. GABA is often well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is not well studied; common side effects include drowsiness, nausea, and muscle weakness.

Mucuna pruriens contains levodopa and should be used carefully with professional guidance; it may cause diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, headache, or insomnia. Alpha-GPC is generally well tolerated, though long-term safety is not fully established; rare side effects include dizziness, headache, and gastrointestinal upset.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, L-glutamine is rated likely safe; for L-glycine, L-lysine, GABA, Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Mucuna pruriens, and alpha-GPC, the safety data are insufficient — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lysine, Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba), Glutamine, Cowhage, Glycine, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: seizure medications; diabetes medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 601 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking GHTX, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take methyldopa (a blood pressure drug), any MAOI antidepressant, levodopa (Parkinson medication), any antidiabetes drug, any antipsychotic, a tricyclic antidepressant, guanethidine, an anticonvulsant (seizure medication), any antihypertensive (blood pressure medication), a CNS depressant (sedative, sleep aid, or opioid), a 5-HT4 agonist (gut motility medication), or scopolamine (motion-sickness patch).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

GHTX is marketed for athletic performance and recovery, and a few ingredients (L-glutamine, Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, alpha-GPC) have some evidence behind them. However, it contains Mucuna pruriens, a levodopa-containing plant that interacts with several major medication classes — including blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, and seizure medications — as well as antipsychotics and diabetes drugs.

If you take any prescription medication, particularly for blood pressure, depression, seizures, or blood sugar control, check your exact drugs with your doctor or pharmacist before starting. Long-term safety data for most ingredients are limited.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 27, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GHTX, straight from the product label.

Brand MM Sports Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 691381254405
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 27, 2014
DSLD ID 37029
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
691381254405
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine0 NP--
L-Glycine0 NP--
L-Lysine0 NP--
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid0 NP--
Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate0 NP--
Colostrum0 NP--
Proprietary GHTX Blend2525 mg--
Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate0 NP--
Mucuna pruriens0 NP--
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine0 NP--

Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Rice powder, Gelatin Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

Some individuals may experience a minor tingling of the skin and/or a slight shortness of breath shortly after taking GABA. This is a characteristic of this amino acid and quickly subsides.

WARNING: Consult a physician before starting any diet and exercise program and before using this product. This product is only intended to be taken by healthy adults 21 years of age and older. NOT intended for women. Do not take this product if you have prostate hypertrophy, liver disease, kidney or heart disease. Discontinue use and call a physician or licensed qualified health care professional immediately if you experience unexpected side effects.

If taking prescription medications, consult a licensed healthcare practitioner prior to use.

Do not use this product if you are taking an MAO inhibitor. Will potentiate levodopa medications. Consult your physician before use if you have hypertension, cardiac or pulmonary disease or if you are taking products containing L-Dopa.

Contains: Milk and Soy (lecithin).

Manufactured in a cGMP facility that processes milk, egg, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, wheat and soybeans.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Formula

This product contains GABA.

This product contains Mucuna pruriens (Velvet Bean) (L-Dopa).

Contains: Milk and Soy (lecithin).

ADRX combines the benefits of Whole Adrenal and Adrenal Cortex in addition to a special mixture of botanicals to support the healthy function of adrenal glands and adrenal recovery. The ADRX formula delivers borad-spectrum nutritional support from standardized extracts of Ashwagandha, Cordyceps, Rhodiola, Astragalus, Bacopa and Magnolia.

General Statements

ADVANCED GH ENDOCRINE SECRETAGOGUE SUPPORT

- Increases Lean Body Mass and Muscle Power Output - Promotes Anabolic Growth Hormone Intervention - Enhances Rapid Recovery

- PROVIDES MAXIMUM GH AND IGF-1 SUPPORT

GHTX is a scientifically-based formula providing the body with precursors to support healthy physiological levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) along with neuromuscular optimization and cognitive enhancement. Driven by GH and IGF-1 enhancement ingredients, GHTX was formulated to deliver the following results: - Increase Lean Body Mass and Muscle Power Output - Promote GH and IGF-1 Anabolic Intervention - Enhance Rapid Recovery GHTX is the most advanced and clinically validated formula available from MMSN engineered to provide maximum GH and IFG-1 support for healthy individuals.

Panax Ginseng and Eleuthero function primarily as adaptogens supporting the overall health, including physical, chemical, physiological and biochemical factors. ADRX is the most advanced and clinically validated formula available from MMSN engineered to provide maximum adrenal support for healthy individuals.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

QIG QUALITY INGREDIENTS GUARANTEED

MM SPORTS NUTRITION(R)

MAX MUSCLE MADE IN THE USA

General

70-05-174 23213

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take three (3) capsules thirty minutes before bedtime. Take with a full glass of water on an empty stomach.

Suggested Cycle: Min. Cycle: Continuous use for 6 weeks Max. Cycle: Continuous use for 12 weeks Off Cycle: Non-use for 4 weeks

Storage

STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE IN THE ORIGINAL CONTAINER AWAY FROM MOISTURE AND SUNLIGHT. ALWAYS KEEP TIGHTLY SEALED.

See for yourself

GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary GHTX Blend

2525 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Rice powder, Gelatin Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GHTX?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
601Drugs
17 Major 392 Moderate 192 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GHTX with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid2 drug types · 419 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking GABA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical research shows that GABA can decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Endogenous GABA has well-established relaxant effects and GABA(A) receptors have an established physiological role in sleep. However, the effects of GABA supplements are unclear, as it is unknown whether exogenous GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier. Although there have been limited reports of drowsiness or tiredness with GABA supplements, these effects have not been widely reported in clinical studies. Additionally, intravenous GABA 0.1-1 mg/kg has been shown to induce anxiety in a dose-dependent manner.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Mucuna pruriens8 drug types · 193 drugs

Levodopa

Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Some cowhage products have been standardized to contain 75-400 mg of levodopa per dose.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with methyldopa might cause additive hypotension. In addition, methyldopa may inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and increase levodopa levels in the central nervous system; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with non-selective MAOIs might cause hypertensive crisis. However, this interaction has not been reported with MAO-B selective inhibitors such as selegiline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anesthesia

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated. Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa might counteract the antidopaminergic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with guanethidine might cause additive hypotension; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tricyclic Antidepressants (Tcas)

Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of TCAs might reduce the absorption of levodopa. Some case reports describe patients that developed hypertension and dyskinesia when taking both levodopa and TCAs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine1 drug type · 16 drugs

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

L-Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

L-Lysine1 drug type · 1 drug

5-Ht4 Agonists

Theoretically, lysine may reduce the effects of 5-HT4 agonists.
Animal research suggests that L-lysine is a partial serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) antagonist and inhibits diarrhea induced by the 5-HT4 agonist, 5-hydroxytryptophane.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GHTX, from the product label.

MM Sports Nutrition

See all MM Sports Nutrition products
Name
Max Muscle Sports Nutrition
Street Address
210 W. Taft Ave.
City
Orange
State
CA
ZipCode
92865
Web Address
www.maxmuscle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition: Common Questions

Does GHTX by MM Sports Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GHTX has a known interaction with 601 medications, including 17 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GHTX contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take GHTX if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
L-glutamine is rated likely safe in pregnancy. For the other active ingredients — L-glycine, L-lysine, GABA, Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Mucuna pruriens, and alpha-GPC — there isn't enough reliable safety data to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, especially since Mucuna pruriens may lower milk supply.
What is Mucuna pruriens and why should I be careful with it?
Mucuna pruriens is a plant that naturally contains levodopa, a compound related to dopamine. Because it acts like a drug, it can interact with many medications — blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, seizure drugs, blood sugar drugs, and antipsychotics. It should be used only with professional guidance.
Is L-glutamine safe to use long-term?
L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults at typical doses, though people with kidney or liver disease should use it only under medical supervision. Long-term safety is not well studied, and the product's own safety notes advise against supplemental doses unless your doctor recommends them.
Does GHTX actually improve athletic performance?
Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, one of the ingredients, is rated possibly effective for athletic performance, but L-glutamine's role in athletic performance has insufficient evidence. The other ingredients either have insufficient evidence or limited effectiveness data for sports use.
What side effects might I experience?
Common side effects from the amino acids include bloating, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and stomach upset. GABA may cause drowsiness or muscle weakness. Mucuna pruriens may cause diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, headache, or insomnia. Side effects are usually mild and dose-related, but they resolve if you stop taking the product.
Can I use GHTX with my seizure medication?
L-glutamine may theoretically reduce how well anticonvulsant medications (seizure drugs) work. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting GHTX if you take any seizure medication.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if GHTX is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GHTX label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GHTX’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Lysine

Interacts with 1 drug

Lysine is an essential amino acid your body cannot make on its own, so it must come from food or supplements. People most often take extra lysine to try to prevent or shorten cold sores, but...

Read the full Lysine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba)

Interacts with 419 drugs

GABA is a calming chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that your body makes on its own, and it is sold as a supplement for stress, anxiety, and sleep. The science behind oral GABA supplemen...

Read the full Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Ornithine

Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes naturally as part of the urea cycle, which helps remove ammonia. It is sold as a supplement for fatigue, exercise recovery, and sleep,...

Read the full Ornithine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Cowhage

Interacts with 193 drugs

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied for Parkinson's disease symptoms and ma...

Read the full Cowhage monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-gpc

Interacts with 16 drugs

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...

Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GHTX's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 52 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Glycine 5 references
  1. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.. PubMed
  2. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
  3. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
  4. Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
  5. Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycine monograph →

Lysine 7 references
  1. Thein DJ, Hurt WC. Lysine as a prophylactic agent in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:659-66. PubMed
  2. McCune MA, Perry HO, Muller SA, O'Fallon WM. Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride. Cutis 1984;34:366-73.
  3. DiGiovanna JJ, Blank H. Failure of lysine in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Treatment and prophylaxis. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:48-51. DOI
  4. Milman N, Scheibel J, Jessen O. Lysine prophylaxis in recurrent herpes simplex labialis: a double-blind, controlled crossover study. Acta Derm Venereol 1980;60:85-7.
  5. Griffith RS, Walsh DE, Myrmel KH, et al. Success of L-lysine therapy in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Treatment and prophylaxis. Dermatologica 1987;175:183-90. DOI
  6. Lo JC, Chertow GM, Rennke H, Seifter JL. Fanconi's syndrome and tubulointerstitial nephritis in association with L-lysine ingestion. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28:614-7. PubMed
  7. Smriga M, Torii K. L-Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15370-5.

See these in context on the Lysine monograph →

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) 12 references
  1. Cavagnini F, Invitti C, Pinto M, et al. Effect of acute and repeated administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1980;93:149-54.
  2. Nurnberger JI Jr, Berrettini WH, Simmons-Alling S, et al. Intravenous GABA administration is anxiogenic in man. Psychiatry Res 1986;19:113-7. PubMed
  3. Gershman RN, Vasilenko MA, Iliushina GG, et al. [Gammalon in the rehabilitation in infantile cerebral palsy]. Pediatr.Akus.Ginekol. 1977;(6):26-7.
  4. Loeb C, Benassi E, Bo, GP, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and phosphatidylserine in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res. 1987;1:209-12 . PubMed
  5. Inoue K, Shirai T, Ochiai H, et al. Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:490-95.
  6. ELLIOTT, K. A. and JASPER, H. H. Gammaaminobutyric acid. Physiol Rev. 1959;39(2):383-406.
  7. Winsky-Sommerer, R. Role of GABAA receptors in the physiology and pharmacology of sleep. Eur.J.Neurosci. 2009;29(9):1779-1794.
  8. Meldrum, B. S. GABAergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1989;27 Suppl 1:3S-11S. PubMed
  9. Loeb, C., Marinari, U. M., Benassi, E., Besio, G., Cottalasso, D., Cupello, A., Maffini, M., Mainardi, P., Pronzato, M. A., and Scotto, P. A. Phosphatidylserine increases in vivo the synaptosomal uptake of exogenous GABA in rats. Exp.Neurol. 1988;99(2):4 PubMed
  10. Melis, G. B., Paoletti, A. M., Mais, V., and Fioretti, P. Interference of dopamine infusion on gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-stimulated prolactin increase. J.Endocrinol.Invest 1980;3(4):445-448.
  11. Boonstra E, de Kleijn R, Colzato LS, Alkemade A, Forstmann BU, Nieuwenhuis S. Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior. Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 6;6:1520. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01520. eCollection 2015. PubMed
  12. de Bie TH, Witkamp RF, Balvers MG, Jongsma MA. Effects of ?-aminobutyric acid supplementation on glucose control in adults with prediabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023;118(3):708-719. PubMed

See these in context on the Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph →

Ornithine 1 reference
  1. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Ornithine monograph →

Cowhage 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Anon. Epidemiological notes and reports: Mucuna pruriens-associated pruritus--New Jersey. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985;34:732-3.
  4. HP-200 in Parkinson's Disease study group. An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease: Results of a multicenter clinical trial. J Alt Comp Med 1995;1:249-55. DOI
  5. Infante ME, Perez AM, Simao MR, et al. Outbreak of acute toxic psychosis attributed to Mucuna pruriens. Lancet 1990;336:1129. PubMed
  6. Vaidya AB, Rajagopalan TG, Mankodi NA, et al. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the cowhage plant-Mucuna pruriens Bak. Neurol India 1978;26:171-6.
  7. Vadivel V, Janardhanan K. Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of velvet bean: an under-utilized food legume in south India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51:279-87. PubMed
  8. Akhtar MS, Qureshi AQ, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic evaluation of Mucuna pruriens, Linn seeds. J Pak Med Assoc 1990;40:147-50.
  9. Prakash, D., Niranjan, A., and Tewari, S. K. Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three Mucuna species. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2001;52(1):79-82.
  10. Vadivel, V. and Janardhanan, K. Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of seven South Indian wild legumes. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr 2005;60(2):69-75. PubMed
  11. Creapure (Creatine Monohydrate). Toxicological Datasheet. Degussa BioActives. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/.../95s-0316-rpt0154-54-Ref-50-vol112.pdf.
  12. Pulikkalpura H, Kurup R, Mathew PJ, Baby S. Levodopa in Mucuna pruriens and its degradation. Sci Rep 2015;5:11078. PubMed

See these in context on the Cowhage monograph →

Alpha-gpc 4 references
  1. Di Perri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, et al. A multicentre trial to the evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res 1991;19:330-41.
  2. Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69. PubMed
  3. Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, et al. Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29:103-7.
  4. Lee G, Choi S, Chang J, et al. Association of L-a glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2136008.

See these in context on the Alpha-gpc monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring