Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by CATALO

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula is a dietary supplement by CATALO with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 350 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Flaxseed Oil, NSK-SD, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Optimum Heart Formula” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (344 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This softgel contains four active ingredients: flaxseed oil, sodium, nattokinase (NSK-SD), and coenzyme Q10. The product also includes inactive ingredients — gelatin capsule, glycerin, purified water, beeswax, lecithin, natural lycopene, and natural annatto — that serve as binders, thickeners, and colorants.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: maintain healthy heart and cardiovascular system.
  • We looked for evidence on: Angina, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, Congestive heart failure, Congestive heart failure (CHF) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Likely Effective" for Coenzyme Q10 deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Possibly Effective" for Congestive heart failure (CHF), Myocardial infarction (MI).
  • Also on file: Flaxseed Oil is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Hyperlipidemia.

The evidence for this formula's individual components is mixed. Coenzyme Q10 is likely effective for CoQ10 deficiency itself and possibly effective for congestive heart failure, fibromyalgia, migraines, and diabetic nerve pain.

Flaxseed oil, however, is rated possibly ineffective for high cholesterol, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and obesity — so it hasn't shown reliable benefit for these conditions. Nattokinase has insufficient evidence to rate its effectiveness for heart disease, atherosclerosis, angina, or chronic fatigue.

Sodium's role here is less about treating disease and more about maintaining basic body function, though the evidence for sodium supplementation in heart conditions is insufficient.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Flaxseed Oil Nattokinase Coenzyme Q10

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated, with gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or heartburn occurring in less than 1% of users. Flaxseed oil is also generally well tolerated orally, though a small number of people report changes in bowel habits, dry mouth, or indigestion at typical doses.

Nattokinase carries a blood-thinning effect and rare reports of serious bleeding, plus rare allergic reactions in people sensitive to natto. Sodium is safe in normal dietary amounts but problematic in excess — high intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding: coenzyme Q10's safety during lactation hasn't been well studied (use only with your doctor's advice); nattokinase should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data; flaxseed oil is possibly safe in pregnancy but has limited breastfeeding data; sodium is possibly unsafe while breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Flaxseed Oil Nattokinase Coenzyme Q10

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Coenzyme Q10, Flaxseed Oil, Nattokinase, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 350 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) — nattokinase and flaxseed oil both increase bleeding risk, and there's a reported case of brain hemorrhage with this combination. Also check if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, or chemotherapy drugs — these all have documented moderate interactions with ingredients in this formula.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines ingredients with heart-related claims, but the evidence for benefit is weak or incomplete. More importantly, multiple ingredients interact with common medications — especially blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, and lithium — making it essential to check your exact medications before starting.

If you take any prescription drugs, particularly for blood pressure, blood clotting, or mood disorders, talk with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula, straight from the product label.

Brand CATALO
Net contents 30 Softgel(s); 22.4 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 22, 2024
DSLD ID 303110
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
747 mg
Maximum serving Sizes:
1494 mg
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Protein0.1 Gram(s)--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat0.5 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat0.1 Gram(s)--
Flaxseed Oil0 NP--
Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Energy5 Kcal--
Carbohydrates0 Gram(s)--
Sodium1 mg--
NSK-SD0 NP--
Optimum Heart Formula344 mg--
Kaneka Q10100 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified, Yellow Beeswax, Lecithin, Lycopene, Natural, Annatto, Natural

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Extra CoQ10 Heart Formula

Catalo Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula uses natural CoQ10 processed by advanced technology.

CoQ10 is a strong antioxidative coenzyme which assists in energy production for the heart and body. It can also protect blood vessels from aging and maintain cardiovascular health.

Organic Flaxseed Oil and Nattokinase are added and act as a blood vessel cleanser, providing synergy effect together with CoQ10.

Suitable for: Adults, elderlies, concerned about heart and cardiovascular health, poor appetite, always feel tired or lack of energy, under stress, drinkers or smokers, who wants to be young and beautiful, dry and aging skin

Formulation

Maintain Healthy Heart

Main Functions: Strengthen blood vessels, maintain healthy heart, cardiovascular system, liver and kidney Powerful antioxidants, prevent damagers by harmful free radicals Whiten skin, anti-wrinkles and anti-aging Improve energy level and remain energetic

This product is made from natural sources and may have color variation. This is a normal phenomenon and does not affect product quality.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Serving Directions For adults, take 1-2 softgels daily Take after meal

Storage

Storage Keep in a dry and cool place Avoid direct sunlight

General Statements

Net Weight 22.4g (747mg x 30 softgels)

Customer Hotline: (852) 3556 8686

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practices

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size747 mg Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

0.1 Gram(s) per serving

Energy

5 Kcal per serving

Carbohydrates

0 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
1 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Optimum Heart Formula

344 mg per serving

Kaneka Q10

Interacts with
198 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Coenzyme Q-10

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...

Kaneka Q10 monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified, Yellow Beeswax, Lecithin, Lycopene, Natural, Annatto, Natural. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
350Drugs
350 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Flaxseed Oil 293
NSK-SD 289
Sodium 205
Kaneka Q10 198

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula interact with 350 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 7 ingredients in Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Flaxseed Oil NSK-SD Sodium Kaneka Q10

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Flaxseed Oil3 drug types · 293 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Small clinical studies show that consuming flaxseed oil might decrease platelet aggregation and increase bleeding time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, combining flaxseed oil with other antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical evidence suggests that long-term consumption of flaxseed oil can modestly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while other clinical research shows no effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Concomitant use of flaxseed oil and ezetimibe reduces the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil.
In one clinical study, concomitant consumption of ezetimibe 10 mg daily with flaxseed oil 2 grams providing 1 gram of alpha-linolenic acid daily blocked the absorption of alpha-linolenic acid, resulting in an overall reduction in alpha-linolenic plasma levels from baseline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Flaxseed Oil full monograph & interactions

NSK-SD2 drug types · 289 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Nattokinase might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Nattokinase has thrombolytic and anticoagulant effects. There is a case report of intracranial hemorrhage in a patient who added nattokinase to aspirin therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, nattokinase might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research suggests that nattokinase may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
NSK-SD full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Kaneka Q103 drug types · 198 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Kaneka Q10 full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula, from the product label.

CATALO

See all CATALO products
Name
CATALO Natural Health Foods
Street Address
5/F, Suite C-D, 15 Cheung Shun St.
City
Hong Kong
Phone Number
(852) 3556 8686
Web Address
CATALO.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO: Common Questions

Does Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula by CATALO interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula has a known interaction with 350 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product actually work for heart health?
The evidence is incomplete. Coenzyme Q10 in this formula is possibly effective for heart failure, but nattokinase and flaxseed oil lack reliable evidence for cardiovascular benefit. Your doctor can tell you whether this product is right for your specific heart condition.
What are the most common side effects?
Coenzyme Q10 occasionally causes gastrointestinal upset like nausea, diarrhea, or heartburn (less than 1% of users). Flaxseed oil rarely causes bowel habit changes or dry mouth in a small number of people. Nattokinase's main concern is its blood-thinning effect, not minor side effects.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or nursing?
The safety data is mixed. Coenzyme Q10 and flaxseed oil have limited or uncertain data during breastfeeding — check with your doctor. Nattokinase should be avoided during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. For a personalized decision, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
What's the sodium content in this product?
The product facts don't specify the amount of sodium per dose. If you're on a sodium-restricted diet or take lithium, blood pressure medications, or certain steroids, contact the manufacturer or your pharmacist to check whether the sodium level is safe for you.
Is nattokinase safe if I take aspirin?
There is a reported case of serious brain bleeding in someone who combined nattokinase with low-dose aspirin. Before using this product with aspirin or any blood thinner, talk with your doctor — the combination carries real risk.
What happens if I take this with warfarin?
Coenzyme Q10 in this formula may reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effect. There are four reported cases of decreased warfarin effectiveness linked to CoQ10. If you take warfarin, discuss this product with your doctor before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Flaxseed Oil

Interacts with 293 drugs

Flaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil. It may help support heart health and provide healthy...

Read the full Flaxseed Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Nattokinase

Interacts with 289 drugs

Nattokinase is an enzyme from the fermented soybean food natto that may have mild blood-thinning and blood-flow effects. Some small studies hint at benefits for blood pressure and circulatio...

Read the full Nattokinase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coenzyme Q10

Interacts with 198 drugs

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...

Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Natural CoQ10 Heart Formula's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 108 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Flaxseed Oil 21 references
  1. Kolonel LN, Nomura AM, Cooney RV. Dietary fat and prostate cancer: current status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:414-28. PubMed
  2. Ramon JM, Bou R, Romea S, et al. Dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Spain. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:679-85. PubMed
  3. Nordstrom DC, Honkanen VE, Nasu Y, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized study: flaxseed vs. safflower seed. Rheumatol Int 1995;14:231-4. PubMed
  4. De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:335-8.
  5. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1571-9. PubMed
  6. Bloedon LT, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk. Nutr Rev 2004;62:18-27. DOI
  7. Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L, et al. Serum linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to prostate and other cancers: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2004;111:444-50.. PubMed
  8. Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Zock PL. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 2004;134:919-22.
  9. Paschos GK, Magkos F, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:1201-6. PubMed
  10. Harper CR, Edwards MC, Jacobson TA. Flaxseed oil supplementation does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentration or particle size in human subjects. J Nutr 2006;136:2844-8. PubMed
  11. University of Montreal. Pregnant Women Consuming Flaxseed Oil Have High Risk Of Premature Birth.ScienceDaily, October 29, 2008. Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081027140817.htm (Accessed May 14, 2009).
  12. Allman, M. A., Pena, M. M., and Pang, D. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1995;49(3):169-178.
  13. Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;3 PubMed
  14. Taghizadeh M, Jamilian M, Mazloomi M, Sanami M, Asemi Z. A randomized-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on vitamin E co-supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes. J
  15. Blackwood DP, LaVallee RK, Al Busaidi A, Jassal DS, Pierce GN. A randomized trial of the effects of ezetimibe on the absorption of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac disease patients: a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2015 Oct;10(5):e155-e159. PubMed
  16. Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Aghdaei HA, et al. Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:36-43. PubMed
  17. Downie LE, Hom MM, Berdy GJ, et al. An artificial tear containing flaxseed oil for treating dry eye disease: A randomized controlled trial. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(1):148-157. PubMed
  18. Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kheirouri S, Golmohammadi A, Moludi J, Jafari-Vayghan H, Alizadeh M. Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic indices in patients with coronary artery disease: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. J PubMed
  19. Jamilian M, Tabassi Z, Reiner Z, et al. The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(7):792-799
  20. Li L, Li H, Gao Y, Vafaei S, Zhang X, Yang M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Funct 2023;14(2):675-690. PubMed
  21. Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Karim YS, et al. The effect of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):

See these in context on the Flaxseed Oil monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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