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Dietary supplement

Para-Defense Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas

Para-Defense label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Para-Defense against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Para-Defense is a dietary supplement by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 1,323 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Garlic, organic Clove, organic Red Clover. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Para-Defense contains 8 active ingredients in a proprietary blend: organic garlic, organic clove, organic thyme, organic red clover, organic olive, organic pumpkin, organic lion's mane mushroom, and wild-crafted cramp bark. The product is a liquid formulation, so it also includes inactive ingredients: vegetable glycerin, deionized water, organic stevia leaf extract, and fennel essential oil.

Each of these botanicals has traditional or research-supported roles — garlic and clove for immune and metabolic support, thyme and lion's mane for respiratory and cognitive health, red clover for hormonal balance, pumpkin for urinary and prostate health, cramp bark for muscle tension, and olive as a source of polyphenols. The blend is designed for children, as indicated by the ChildLife Clinicals branding.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Healthy intestinal microbiome.
  • We looked for evidence on: Intestinal parasite infection, Digestive health, Gastrointestinal flora, Pathogenic microorganism clearance.
  • The closest evidence on file: Pumpkin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Intestinal parasite infection (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for Para-Defense's ingredients is mixed. Garlic shows possibly effective evidence for periodontitis (gum disease), diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Clove has possibly effective evidence only for ventilator-associated pneumonia (a hospital-acquired lung infection), while evidence for cough, acute pain, and indigestion is insufficient. Thyme, red clover, pumpkin, and lion's mane all lack sufficient reliable evidence for their uses in this context — evidence ratings for those ingredients range from insufficient to no established data.

Olive similarly has insufficient evidence across the conditions tested. Cramp bark has insufficient evidence for muscle cramps, dysmenorrhea (period cramps), and pregnancy-related leg cramps.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Garlic Clove Thyme Red Clover Olive Pumpkin Lion's Mane Mushroom Cramp Bark

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 8 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 8.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 8 of 8.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Garlic is generally well tolerated orally but may cause stomach upset, body odor, flatulence, bad breath, nausea, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. There is a rare case report of increased bleeding risk.

The product notes that garlic food amounts are fine, but concentrated supplement doses should be approved by a doctor first. Clove is safe as a spice but clove oil in small doses (5–10 mL) can be toxic in children; serious effects are rare but include liver failure and, with inhaled clove, respiratory issues.

Thyme is generally well tolerated as food and tea but concentrated essential oil can be toxic; common effects include gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, headache, and contact dermatitis topically. Red clover is generally well tolerated short-term but should be avoided in pregnancy due to its estrogen-like effects, and breastfeeding safety is not established.

Pumpkin is well tolerated as food; concentrated seed supplements are less studied. Lion's mane is generally well tolerated but has insufficient long-term safety data and should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Cramp bark has limited human safety data and should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Garlic Clove Thyme Red Clover Olive Pumpkin Lion's Mane Mushroom Cramp Bark

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 8 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Garlic, Red Clover, Pumpkin, Thyme, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,324 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this product, double-check these medication types with your child's doctor or pharmacist: blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (increased bleeding risk, especially with garlic and lion's mane); diabetes medications (garlic, clove, and lion's mane may lower blood sugar further); blood pressure medications (garlic may lower pressure more); liver-metabolized drugs, particularly those using CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP2E1 pathways (garlic and clove may change their levels); estrogen replacement or hormone therapy (thyme and red clover may interfere); cancer medications like tamoxifen (red clover's estrogen-like activity is a concern); and lithium (pumpkin may raise its level). No interactions are documented for olive or cramp bark in our data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product blends traditional botanicals with some research support (particularly garlic for blood pressure and diabetes), but evidence is incomplete for most uses and the formulation is designed for children. The main concern is the interaction risk — especially with blood thinners, diabetes medications, blood pressure drugs, and liver-metabolized medications.

If your child takes any prescription medication, check it against this product's interactions before starting, and talk it over with your child's doctor or pharmacist to make sure it's a good fit.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 26, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Para-Defense, straight from the product label.

Brand ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas
Net contents 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 59 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 26, 2020
DSLD ID 241485
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Kosher, Infants/Baby (0 - 1 Year), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, 0.75 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, 0.75 mL
Servings per container
79
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend250 mg--
organic Garlic0 NP--
organic Clove0 NP--
organic Thyme0 NP--
organic Red Clover0 NP--
organic Olive0 NP--
organic Pumpkin0 NP--
organic Lion's Mane0 NP--
wild crafted Cramp Bark0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, deionized Water, organic Stevia leaf extract, Fennel Essential Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Infants 0-12 mos: 0.25 mL 3x daily Children 1-3 yrs: 0.5 mL 3x daily Children 4+ yrs: 0.75 mL 3x daily ChildLife Clinicals Para-Defense should be taken for no less than 21 consecutive days, or as directed by a medical professional.

Shake well before use.

Formulation

ChildLife Clinicals Para-Defense combines the healing powers of 8 natural ingredients in a synergistic blend. With a mild taste and easy-to-take dosage, ChildLife Clinicals Para-Defense is the number one choice for providing your child with gentle, lasting relief. ChildLife Clinicals uses only the highest quality ingredients.

Gluten free, alcohol free, casein free. Contains no milk, eggs, soy, wheat, yeast, or corn. No artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners.

Healthy intestinal microbiome

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Tamper Resistant: Do not use if outer safety seal is broken or missing.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Servings Per Container: 236; 118; 79

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

Seals/Symbols

K Parve (Kosher) K-1604

Formula

K Parve (Kosher) K-1604

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Para-Defense label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.25 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container79 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Deionized Water, Organic Stevia leaf extract, Fennel Essential Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Para-Defense?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,323Drugs
1,312 Moderate 11 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

organic Garlic 989
organic Clove 977
organic Red Clover 867
organic Thyme 379
organic Lion's Mane 327

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Para-Defense interact with 1,323 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 8 ingredients in Para-Defense interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Garlic organic Clove organic Red Clover organic Thyme organic Lion's Mane organic Pumpkin

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Para-Defense with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Garlic12 drug types · 989 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking garlic with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that garlic and garlic extract lower blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking garlic with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In human research, both garlic and garlic extracts have blood pressure-lowering effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels and effects of atazanavir.
In a case report, a patient consuming six stir-fried garlic cloves three times weekly developed suboptimal atazanavir levels and increases in HIV viral load. While the exact cause of this interaction is unclear, there is speculation that garlic might decrease the intestinal absorption of atazanavir or increase its metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Until more is known, advise patients not to consume large amounts of garlic while taking atazanavir.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Clinical research suggests garlic oil can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1 by 39%. Use garlic oil cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some human research suggests that garlic may induce INTESTINAL CYP3A4, reducing levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific allicin-containing garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induced CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Another study shows that giving docetaxel intravenously, bypassing the CYP3A4 enzymes in the gut mucosa, along with the same specific garlic product for 12 consecutive days, does not affect docetaxel levels. Conversely, there is concern that garlic may inhibit HEPATIC CYP3A4. In a single case report, increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury occurred in a liver transplant patient after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. Several other studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Isoniazid

Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of garlic reduces isoniazid levels by about 65%. Garlic reduced the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC), but not the half-life, of isoniazid. This suggests that garlic extract might inhibit isoniazid absorption across the intestinal mucosa; however, the exact mechanism of this potential interaction is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Protease Inhibitors (Pis)

Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might decrease levels of PIs.
Protease inhibitors are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4, reducing plasma levels of protease inhibitors. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces levels of saquinavir, a PI, by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induce CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase)

Theoretically, garlic containing allicin might decrease levels of saquinavir.
Saquinavir is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and cause subtherapeutic levels of saquinavir. This is primarily based on a pharmacokinetic study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induces CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several pharmacokinetic studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin. Until more is known about this potential interaction, use garlic containing allicin cautiously in patients taking saquinavir.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)

Theoretically, taking garlic with sofosbuvir might decrease its effectiveness.
Animal research in rats shows that giving aged garlic extract 120 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days decreases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 36%, increases the clearance by 63%, and decreases the plasma concentrations at 1 and 8 hours by 35% and 58%, respectively. This interaction is hypothesized to be due to induction of intestinal P-glycoprotein expression by garlic.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Theoretically, garlic might increase levels of tacrolimus.
In one case report, a liver transplant patient taking tacrolimus experienced increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. It is speculated that garlic inhibited hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which increased plasma levels of tacrolimus.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, garlic might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time. In addition, there is a report of two patients who experienced an increase in a previously stabilized international normalized ratio (INR) with concomitant garlic and warfarin use. However, this report has been subsequently debated due to limited clinical information. Other clinical studies have not identified an effect of garlic on INR, warfarin pharmacokinetics, or bleeding risk. More evidence is needed to determine the safety of using garlic with warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Garlic full monograph & interactions

organic Clove7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Clove full monograph & interactions

organic Red Clover9 drug types · 867 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of red clover might interfere with estrogen therapy.
Red clover contains phytoestrogens which might have estrogenic activity in some people. Theoretically, red clover might compete for estrogen receptors and interfere with estrogen-containing drug therapy.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Theoretically, red clover might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
In a case report, a 52-year-old female receiving weekly methotrexate injections for psoriasis developed symptoms of methotrexate toxicity, including severe vomiting and epigastric pain, after three days of taking red clover 430 mg daily. Toxicity resolved after red clover was discontinued. However, no liver function tests or methotrexate levels were reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, the phytoestrogens in red clover might interfere with tamoxifen.
In vitro and animal research suggests that genistein, a constituent of red clover, might antagonize the antitumor effects of tamoxifen. However, there is some evidence from an animal study that red clover does not reduce the efficacy of tamoxifen. Until more is known, tell patients taking tamoxifen to avoid red clover.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Although some laboratory research suggests that red clover may have anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity, clinical research has not shown this effect.
In vitro research suggests that genistein in red clover has antiplatelet effects, and historically, red clover was thought to have anticoagulant effects due to its coumarin content. However, some experts state that this is unlikely as most natural coumarins have not been shown to have anticoagulant effects, and their content in red clover is low. Additionally, some clinical research in postmenopausal patients found no effect on coagulation or prothrombin time with the use of red clover flowering tops 378 mg daily for 12 months or red clover isoflavone (Rimostil) 50 mg daily for 2 years.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Caffeine

Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Red clover contains genistein. Taking genistein 1 gram daily for 14 days seems to inhibit caffeine clearance and metabolism in healthy females. However, this effect does not seem to occur with the lower amounts of genistein found in red clover. A clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of caffeine.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
In vitro evidence shows that red clover inhibits CYP1A2. However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, red clover might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro evidence suggests that red clover weakly inhibits CYP2C19. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
In vitro evidence suggests that red clover might inhibit CYP2C9. However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 probe substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
In vitro evidence shows that red clover might inhibit CYP3A4 isoenzymes. However, a clinical study in healthy postmenopausal individuals shows that taking red clover capsules standardized to contain 60 mg isoflavones twice daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
organic Red Clover full monograph & interactions

organic Thyme4 drug types · 379 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Thyme full monograph & interactions

organic Lion's Mane3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research suggests that lion's mane mushroom extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of lion's mane mushroom can reduce serum glucose and increase serum insulin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of lion's mane mushroom might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In animal and in vitro research, lion's mane mushroom polysaccharides stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Lion's Mane full monograph & interactions

organic Pumpkin1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
organic Pumpkin full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Para-Defense, from the product label.

ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas

See all ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas products
Name
ChildLife
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
ZipCode
90245
Phone Number
(800) 993-0332
Web Address
childlifeclinicals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas: Common Questions

Does Para-Defense by ChildLife Clinicals Clinical Formulas interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Para-Defense has a known interaction with 1,323 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Para-Defense contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe for my child if they're taking diabetes medication?
Not without checking first. Garlic, clove, and lion's mane in this product may lower blood sugar, so adding them to diabetes medication could increase the risk of low blood sugar. Talk to your child's doctor or pharmacist before starting — they may need to adjust the medication dose or monitor blood sugar more closely.
Can I give this if my child is on a blood thinner or aspirin?
You'll need to check with your child's doctor or pharmacist first. Garlic, clove, thyme, and lion's mane all have antiplatelet or anticoagulant activity, which could add to the blood-thinning effect and raise bleeding risk. This is especially important with warfarin, where there's a documented case of increased bleeding.
What are the most common side effects I should watch for?
Garlic may cause stomach upset, bad breath, body odor, and flatulence. Clove and thyme can cause nausea and digestive discomfort. Lion's mane may cause nausea and a skin rash. Red clover may cause nausea, muscle pain, or vaginal spotting. If your child develops any of these, reduce the dose or stop and call your doctor.
Why does the label say garlic should be approved by a doctor before using as a supplement?
Garlic in food amounts is fine, but this product is a concentrated supplement dose. At supplement levels, garlic's effects — including blood pressure lowering, blood thinning, and effects on how the liver breaks down drugs — become stronger and less predictable, so medical supervision is recommended.
Is this liquid form better than a pill for kids?
The liquid form makes dosing easier for children, but it doesn't change the interaction risk or side-effect profile. The same precautions about checking medications and doctor approval apply.
Can I use this if my child is on a liver-metabolized medication?
Possibly, but not without checking first. Garlic and clove may slow or speed up how the liver breaks down many common drugs (through CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP2C9), which could make those drugs less or more effective. Ask your child's pharmacist to check whether any of their medications are affected.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

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The Full Monographs Behind Para-Defense’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Garlic

Interacts with 989 drugs

Garlic is a common food and supplement that may modestly help with blood pressure and cholesterol, though the evidence is mixed and effects are usually small. It is generally safe in food am...

Read the full Garlic monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Thyme

Interacts with 379 drugs

Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...

Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Red Clover

Interacts with 867 drugs

Red clover is a plant rich in isoflavones (plant compounds with weak estrogen-like activity) that is most often used for menopause symptoms like hot flashes. The evidence is mixed and genera...

Read the full Red Clover monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Olive

Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Olive oil as part of a Mediterrane...

Read the full Olive monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lion's Mane Mushroom

Interacts with 327 drugs

Lion's mane is an edible mushroom that is popular as a 'nootropic' for memory, focus, and nerve health, but solid human evidence is still limited and early. It is generally well tolerated as...

Read the full Lion's Mane Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cramp Bark

Cramp Bark is the dried bark of Viburnum opulus, traditionally used to ease muscle and menstrual cramps. Modern, high-quality human studies are very limited, so its effectiveness is not well...

Read the full Cramp Bark monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Para-Defense's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 235 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Garlic 154 references
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  4. Garty BZ. Garlic burns. Pediatrics 1993;91:658-9.
  5. Rose KD, Croissant PD, Parliament CF, Levin MB. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: a case report. Neurosurg 1990;26:880-2. PubMed
  6. Burnham BE. Garlic as a possible risk for postoperative bleeding. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;95:213.
  7. Sunter WH. Warfarin and garlic. Pharm J 1991;246:722.
  8. Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism. JAMA 1998;279:1900-2.
  9. Steiner M, Khan AH, Holbert D, Lin RI. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:866-70. PubMed
  10. Steiner M, Lin RS. Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;31:904-8. PubMed
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Thyme 18 references
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Red Clover 24 references
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Olive 2 references
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See these in context on the Olive monograph →

Pumpkin 5 references
  1. Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. DOI
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See these in context on the Pumpkin monograph →

Lion's Mane Mushroom 6 references
  1. Product information for <em>Niaspan</em>. Abbott Laboratories. North Chicago, IL 60064. April 2015.
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