Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by TerraVita Premium Collection
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder is a dietary supplement by TerraVita Premium Collection with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, circulation problems, dizziness and ringing in the ears.Based on those ingredients, 172 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Periwinkle Extract, Powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: periwinkle extract in powder form. There are no inactive ingredients listed.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
We hold no effectiveness data for periwinkle in our records.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Periwinkle is considered unsafe for oral use. Its vinca alkaloid compounds — particularly in higher doses — can damage your liver, kidneys, and nervous system, and may cause gastrointestinal upset, skin flushing, or abnormally low blood pressure.
The safety data advises against use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to the potent alkaloids and lack of safety information in these populations. Because of these risks, this product should only be used under professional medical guidance.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) — periwinkle may strengthen their effect and lower your pressure too much. Check your exact medications with the tool below before starting.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Periwinkle is a potent botanical with serious safety concerns and a documented interaction with blood pressure medications. If you're considering it, talk with your doctor or pharmacist first — especially if you take any prescription drugs or have liver or kidney concerns.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder, straight from the product label.
| Brand | TerraVita Premium Collection |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 064435211479 |
| Net contents | 4 Ounce(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 22, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 289803 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Powder |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Periwinkle Extract, Powder | 1000 mg | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
A Dietary Supplement
Brand IP Statement(s)
Copyright 2017 TerraVita - Distributed by ZooScape LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions Stir 1/4 of a teaspoon into a glass of water and consume 3 times daily, with meals.
General Statements
TerraVita is an exclusive line of premium natural products that use the finest, purest and most potent ingredients in the world. TerraVita's hallmarks are the highest possible standards of purity, potency, stability and freshness. All products are prepared with the greatest quality control, from raw materials through the entire manufacturing process, right up to the moment your product is sealed for freshness and shipped to you.
Please recycle!
FDA Disclaimer Statement
Statements not evaluated by FDA. Product not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.25 Teaspoon(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container113 Amounts shown are per serving.
Periwinkle Extract, Powder
Interacts with172 drugs
Periwinkle (Vinca minor) is a flowering plant whose alkaloids are the source of vinpocetine, a compound marketed for memory and brain circulation. Evi...
Periwinkle Extract, Powder monograph & interactionsPeriwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection interacts with blood pressure medications (antihypertensives).
The periwinkle extract contains vincamine, a compound that can lower blood pressure on its own — so taking it alongside blood pressure drugs may push your pressure too low.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
We've identified 172 individual medications in this category. If you're on any blood pressure medication — whether it's an ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, diuretic, or another type — you need to check it against the interaction tool below before you start this product.
Combining them without guidance could cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or an unsafe drop in blood pressure.
Before you take periwinkle, run your exact medications through the search tool on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder interact with 172 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Periwinkle Extract, Powder
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Acebutolol interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Acetazolamide interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Aliskiren interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Ammonium Chloride interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Aprocitentan interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartanEdarbi
How Azilsartan interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Azilsartan interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazeprilLotensin
How Benazepril interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Benazepril interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Benzthiazide interactionBetaxololBetoptic, Kerlone
How Betaxolol interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Betaxolol interactionBisoprololZebeta
How Bisoprolol interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bisoprolol interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBosentanTracleer
How Bosentan interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bosentan interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Periwinkle Extract, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Periwinkle Extract, Powder + Bumetanide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Periwinkle Extract, Powder
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder, from the product label.
TerraVita Premium Collection
See all TerraVita Premium Collection products- Name
- TerraVita Fine Whole Herbs
- City
- Brampton
- State
- Ontario
Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection: Common Questions
Does Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder by TerraVita Premium Collection interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What are vinca alkaloids and why do they matter?
What side effects might I experience?
Why is there a 4:1 on the label?
Do I need professional supervision to take this?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Periwinkle 4:1 Extract Powder's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 5 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Periwinkle 5 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC