Periwinkle Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Hawaii Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Periwinkle against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Periwinkle is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, circulation problems, dizziness and ringing in the ears.Based on those ingredients, 172 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are certified organic Periwinkle extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: certified organic periwinkle extract. Periwinkle is a plant whose leaves contain powerful compounds called vinca alkaloids, which have been studied for their effects on blood pressure and circulation.
The liquid also includes vegetable palm glycerin and pharmaceutical-grade alcohol as inactive ingredients to preserve and deliver the extract.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The product facts we have don't include effectiveness ratings for periwinkle extract, so the evidence isn't established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Here's what you need to know: periwinkle contains strong alkaloids that can be toxic at higher doses, and the product should only be used with professional guidance. The safety data advises against use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding because of its potent alkaloids and lack of safety information.
Orally, periwinkle can cause serious side effects including damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system due to its vinca alkaloid content. It's also been reported to cause stomach upset, skin flushing, and low blood pressure.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
If you take blood pressure–lowering drugs (antihypertensives), check with your pharmacist before adding periwinkle. The extract may increase how much those medications lower your pressure.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Periwinkle is not a typical over-the-counter supplement — it's a potent plant extract with real risks. If you're considering it, talk to your pharmacist or doctor first, especially if you take blood pressure medication.
Do not use it if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Periwinkle, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Hawaii Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 650905465321 |
| Net contents | 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 21, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 237585 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| certified organic Periwinkle extract | 970 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Palm Glycerin, pharmaceutical grade Alcohol
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008
Made with Aloha!
Formulation
Contains no GMO, gluten, artificial colors, heavy metals, preservatives, pesticides, fertilizers.
Super concentrated liquid herbal extract. Dry herb/menstruum ratio: 1:3.
Manufactured in an FDA registered facility.
Non GMO Gluten free
Made in USA, Hawaii
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions for use: Shake well before using. Take about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 ml, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to 2-4 oz of juice or water up to 4 times per day.
Precautions
Warning: Keep out of the reach of children.
May have contraindications. We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.
Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.
Consult a physician before using during pregnancy, if nursing or taking any medications.
Do not use if seal is broken or missing.
Storage
Store in a cool dry place.
Formula
(Vinca minor)
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Dietary Supplement
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
FDA Registered Facility Made in United States of America USA
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Certified organic Periwinkle extract
Interacts with172 drugs
Periwinkle (Vinca minor) is a flowering plant whose alkaloids are the source of vinpocetine, a compound marketed for memory and brain circulation. Evi...
Certified organic Periwinkle extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Palm Glycerin, Pharmaceutical grade Alcohol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm does interact with medications.
The extract contains vincamine, a compound that can boost the effects of blood pressure–lowering drugs (antihypertensives). If you take medication to manage high blood pressure, adding periwinkle may lower your pressure further than intended, which could become unsafe.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Additionally, we could not fully assess all potential interactions because periwinkle's alkaloid content is complex. Altogether, these interactions span 170 individual medications.
Before you start periwinkle, check your exact blood pressure medications with the search tool on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Periwinkle?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Periwinkle interact with 172 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Periwinkle interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. certified organic Periwinkle extract
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Acetazolamide interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Aliskiren interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Ammonium Chloride interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Aprocitentan interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartanEdarbi
How Azilsartan interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Azilsartan interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazeprilLotensin
How Benazepril interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Benazepril interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Benzthiazide interactionBetaxololBetoptic, Kerlone
How Betaxolol interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Betaxolol interactionBisoprololZebeta
How Bisoprolol interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bisoprolol interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBosentanTracleer
How Bosentan interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bosentan interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with Periwinkle — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Periwinkle ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Read the full Certified Organic Periwinkle Extract + Bumetanide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Periwinkle with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
certified organic Periwinkle extract
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking periwinkle may increase the effects of antihypertensive drugs due to the hypotensive activity of vincamine, a constituent of periwinkle.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Periwinkle, from the product label.
Hawaii Pharm
See all Hawaii Pharm products- Name
- Hawaii Pharm LLC
- City
- Honolulu
- State
- HI
- ZipCode
- 96815
- Web Address
- www.hawaiipharm.com
Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions
Does Periwinkle by Hawaii Pharm interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
What are the main side effects?
Why does the label say it should only be used with professional advice?
What is vincamine and why does it matter for my blood pressure meds?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Periwinkle is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Periwinkle’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Periwinkle's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 5 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Periwinkle 5 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC