Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Pinnacle Probiotic Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by aProvenProduct

Pinnacle Probiotic label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Pinnacle Probiotic against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Pinnacle Probiotic is a dietary supplement by aProvenProduct with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive health and balance, diarrhea (including antibiotic-related), vaginal yeast and bacterial infections.Based on those ingredients, 308 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Probiotic Blend, Prebiotic Blend. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 13 active ingredients.
  • “Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Pinnacle Probiotic contains 13 active ingredients — a blend of beneficial bacteria and one yeast species, plus a prebiotic component. The bacterial strains are Lactobacillus species (L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. lactis, L. casei, L. plantarum, and L. salivarius), Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. lactis), Streptococcus thermophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii.

The prebiotic blend contains inulin, which acts as food for the beneficial bacteria. These ingredients are delivered in a vegetarian capsule.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lactobacillus Acidophilus) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Bacterial vaginosis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lactobacillus Acidophilus) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Constipation — rated "Possibly Effective" (Inulin) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Diabetes — rated "Possibly Effective" (Inulin) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Helicobacter pylori — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lactobacillus Acidophilus) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for this product varies by ingredient and condition. L. acidophilus is possibly effective for irritable bowel syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and bacterial vaginosis.

B. bifidum is possibly effective for irritable bowel syndrome and respiratory tract infections. S. boulardii shows the strongest evidence: it's possibly effective for rotaviral diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, Clostridioides difficile infection, and Helicobacter pylori.

The inulin in the prebiotic blend is possibly effective for obesity, constipation, and diabetes. For many other claimed uses — such as allergic rhinitis, anxiety, asthma, and cognitive decline — the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate.

We could not find effectiveness ratings for L. rhamnosus, L. lactis, L. casei, L. plantarum, B. lactis, L. salivarius, or L. brevis.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Bifidum Streptococcus Thermophilus Bifidobacterium Longum Saccharomyces Boulardii Inulin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The probiotic strains in this product are generally well tolerated in healthy adults and children, though those with weakened immune systems should be cautious before using any probiotic supplement. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal — bloating, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea — and they're uncommon.

Rarely, live probiotic organisms have caused serious infections (bacteremia, sepsis) in critically ill or immunocompromised patients, particularly those with central venous catheters; these cases are uncommon in otherwise healthy people. The inulin in the prebiotic blend commonly causes bloating, gas, and gastrointestinal cramping, especially at higher doses over 30 grams.

For pregnancy, L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, and S. boulardii are rated possibly safe, and inulin is rated likely safe; however, safety data are limited. For breastfeeding, data on file are incomplete — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is appropriate for you while nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Bifidum Streptococcus Thermophilus Bifidobacterium Longum Saccharomyces Boulardii Inulin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Saccharomyces Boulardii, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Inulin, Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bifidobacterium Longum.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 308 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Pinnacle Probiotic, double-check the following with your own doctor or pharmacist: antibiotic drugs (Moderate — may reduce probiotic effectiveness; timing matters), antifungal drugs (Minor — may reduce effectiveness of S. boulardii), and antidiabetes drugs (Minor — inulin may increase low blood sugar risk).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with diarrhea (especially antibiotic-associated or travelers' diarrhea), irritable bowel syndrome, and some gastrointestinal conditions, depending on which strain matters most for your situation. If you take antibiotics, antifungals, or diabetes medications, check with your doctor or pharmacist first — timing and spacing matter.

People with healthy immune systems who are not critically ill generally tolerate probiotics well, though gas and bloating can happen. Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a weakened immune system.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 13 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 21, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Pinnacle Probiotic, straight from the product label.

Brand aProvenProduct
Barcode (UPC) 852597002123
Net contents 60 Acid-Resistant Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 21, 2012
DSLD ID 16850
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
852597002123
IngredientAmount% DV
L. rhamnosus0 NP--
L. acidophilus0 NP--
L. lactis0 NP--
Probiotic Blend100 mg--
B. bifidum0 NP--
S. thermophilus0 NP--
B. longum0 NP--
L. casei0 NP--
L. plantarum0 NP--
B. lactis0 NP--
L. salivarius0 NP--
S. boulardii0 NP--
L. brevis0 NP--
Prebiotic Blend260 mg--

Other ingredients: DR Vegetarian Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

now (check) aPP aPProved

Complete Probiotic Excellence

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take 1-2 Capsules before bed. Do not take within 2 hours of taking antibiotics.

Storage

Storage:

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Refigeration is not required.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Allergen Info: Contains no known allergens.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, prevent or cure any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Pinnacle Probiotic label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Probiotic Blend

Interacts with
182 drugs
100 mg per serving

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy p...

Probiotic Blend monograph & interactions

Prebiotic Blend

Interacts with
86 drugs
260 mg per serving Form: Inulin

Inulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements an...

Prebiotic Blend monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: DR Vegetarian Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Pinnacle Probiotic?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
308Drugs
182 Moderate 126 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Probiotic Blend 182
Prebiotic Blend 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Pinnacle Probiotic interact with 308 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Pinnacle Probiotic interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Probiotic Blend Prebiotic Blend

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Pinnacle Probiotic with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Probiotic Blend1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Probiotic Blend full monograph & interactions

Prebiotic Blend1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, inulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia with antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that inulin improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, it is unclear if it has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Prebiotic Blend full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Pinnacle Probiotic, from the product label.

aProvenProduct

See all aProvenProduct products
Name
aProvenProduct
Street Address
2901 Richmond Rd., Ste. 130-185
City
Lexington
State
KY
ZipCode
40509
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct: Common Questions

Does Pinnacle Probiotic by aProvenProduct interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Pinnacle Probiotic has a known interaction with 308 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Pinnacle Probiotic contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this work if I'm taking an antibiotic?
Maybe, but timing is critical. Antibiotics can kill the live organisms in this probiotic, which might reduce how well it works. Your doctor or pharmacist can advise you on spacing the two — usually taking them several hours apart helps. If you're taking an antibiotic, definitely ask before starting this product.
What's inulin and why is it in here?
Inulin is a prebiotic — it's food for the beneficial bacteria in the capsule. It helps the probiotics survive and thrive in your gut. It's considered likely safe in pregnancy and generally well tolerated, but it can cause bloating, gas, and cramping, especially at higher doses.
Is this safe if I have a weakened immune system?
The data advise caution. While healthy people tolerate probiotics well, those with weakened immunity should check with their doctor first. Rarely, live probiotic organisms have caused serious infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients, so this is one to clear with your own healthcare provider before you start.
What side effects should I expect?
Most people experience either no side effects or mild gastrointestinal ones — bloating, gas, abdominal discomfort, or changes in bowel habits. These are uncommon and usually temporary. If you develop fever, severe abdominal pain, or signs of infection, contact your doctor right away.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The evidence suggests it's possibly safe in pregnancy, but safety data are limited — especially for breastfeeding. There isn't enough information on file to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you during pregnancy or while nursing.
Does this actually treat IBS or just help with diarrhea?
L. acidophilus and B. bifidum are possibly effective for irritable bowel syndrome, and several strains (especially S. boulardii) are possibly effective for different types of diarrhea — including antibiotic-associated and travelers' diarrhea. Evidence is stronger for diarrhea than for IBS overall, so results vary by person and by which condition you're addressing.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Pinnacle Probiotic is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Pinnacle Probiotic label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Pinnacle Probiotic’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium bifidum is a 'friendly' bacteria (probiotic) that naturally lives in the human gut and is taken to support digestion and gut balance. Some evidence suggests probiotics may he...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Streptococcus Thermophilus

Streptococcus thermophilus is a friendly bacterium used as a probiotic, often combined with other strains in yogurt and supplements. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people and may...

Read the full Streptococcus Thermophilus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Longum

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium longum is a 'friendly' bacterium found naturally in the human gut and used as a probiotic. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for digestive issues, though evi...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Longum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saccharomyces Boulardii

Interacts with 40 drugs

Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast used as a probiotic, with the strongest evidence for preventing and treating certain types of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea...

Read the full Saccharomyces Boulardii monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Inulin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Inulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements and processed foods. It may help with regu...

Read the full Inulin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Pinnacle Probiotic's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 107 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
  10. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

Bifidobacterium Bifidum 7 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  3. Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Randomized controlled trial of probiotics to reduce common cold in schoolchildren. Pediatr Int. 2012;54(5):682-7. PubMed
  4. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  5. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  6. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  7. Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed

See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph →

Streptococcus Thermophilus 21 references
  1. Saxelin M, Chuang NH, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6. PubMed
  2. Tynkkynen S, Singh KV, Varmanen P. Vancomycin resistance factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int J Food Microbiol 1998;41:195-204. PubMed
  3. Klein G, Zill E, Schindler R, et al. Peritonitis associated with vancomycin-resistant Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient; organism identification, antibiotic therapy, and case report. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:
  4. Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. PubMed
  5. Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. DOI
  6. Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60.
  7. MacGregor G, Smith AJ, Thakker B, Kinsella J. Yoghurt biotherapy: contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients? Postgrad Med J 2002;78:366-7. PubMed
  8. Land MH, Rouster-Stevens K, Woods CR, et al. Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics 2005;115:178-81.
  9. De Groote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:278-80. PubMed
  10. Vahabnezhad E, Mochon AB, Wozniak LJ, Ziring DA. Lactobacillus bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a pediatric patient with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(5):437-9. PubMed
  11. Dolatkhah N, Hajifaraji M, Abbasalizadeh F, Aghamohammadzadeh N, Mehrabi Y, Abbasi MM. Is there a value for probiotic supplements in gestational diabetes mellitus? A randomized clinical trial. J Health Popul Nutr. 2015;33:25. PubMed
  12. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  13. Sendil S, Shrimanker I, Mansoora Q, Goldman J, Nookala VK. Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia in an immunocompromised renal transplant patient. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6887. PubMed
  14. Albarillo FS, Shah U, Joyce C, Slade D. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Infection: A single-center 4-year descriptive analysis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2020;12(3):119-123. PubMed
  15. Pasala S, Singer L, Arshad T, Roach K. Lactobacillus endocarditis in a healthy patient with probiotic use. IDCases. 2020;22:e00915. PubMed
  16. Agrawal S, Tuchman ES, Bruce MJ, Theodorou ME. Fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):e236835.
  17. Antoun M, Hattab Y, Akhrass FA, Hamilton LD. Uncommon pathogen, Lactobacillus, causing infective endocarditis: Case report and review. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2020;2020:8833948. PubMed
  18. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  19. Franko B, Vaillant M, Recule C, Vautrin E, et al. Lactobacillus paracasei endocarditis in a consumer of probiotics. Med Mal Infect. 2013;43(4):171-3. PubMed
  20. Campbell RE, Miller A, Afroze A. Native valve endocarditis secondary to Lactobacillus paracasei bacteremia. Consultant. 2020;60(9):27-8. DOI
  21. Kato K, Funabashi N, Takaoka H, et al. Lactobacillus paracasei endocarditis in a consumer of probiotics with advanced and severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis complicated with diffuse left ventricular mid-layer fibrosis. Int J Cardiol. 2016;224:157-161. PubMed

See these in context on the Streptococcus Thermophilus monograph →

Bifidobacterium Longum 21 references
  1. Ha GY, Yang CH, Kim H, Chong Y. Case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:1227-8.
  2. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
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See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Longum monograph →

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See these in context on the Saccharomyces Boulardii monograph →

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See these in context on the Inulin monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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