Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Prebiotic+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NS Natural Stacks

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Prebiotic+ is a dietary supplement by NS Natural Stacks with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,036 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Sodium, Potassium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Resistant Starch Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (24 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

Prebiotic+ has 6 active ingredients. Sodium and potassium are electrolytes—minerals your body needs to keep fluids balanced and your heart and nerves working right.

Trehalose, unmodified potato starch, and green banana flour are carbohydrates that act as prebiotics, meaning they feed the good bacteria in your gut. Orafti Synergy1 Inulin-FOS is a fiber blend that also supports healthy gut bacteria.

Together, these ingredients are designed to improve digestive health and support your microbiome. The powder also contains an inactive ingredient, Ceylon cinnamon.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support healthy digestion and gut bacteria growth.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Diarrhea, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Obesity — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Black Psyllium is rated "Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Banana is rated "Possibly Effective" for Diarrhea.
  • Also on file: Black Psyllium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Diabetes, Diarrhea, Hypertension, Obesity.

The evidence on this product's active ingredients is mixed. Green banana flour shows possibly effective evidence for diarrhea, but we don't have established effectiveness ratings for the other ingredients in our data.

The prebiotic carbohydrates—trehalose, resistant starch complex, and inulin-FOS—are commonly used to support gut bacteria, but the specific effectiveness evidence we hold on file for those components isn't complete. If you're looking at this product for a specific health goal, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist to see if the evidence matches what you're trying to do.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Potassium Banana

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium and potassium are essential minerals, but this product contains them as supplements, not just food amounts. High sodium intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart and kidney strain.

High potassium intake can cause heart rhythm problems, low blood pressure, and mental confusion—especially risky if you have kidney disease. Green banana flour is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects from banana starch are bloating, gas, and cramping.

Serious adverse effects are rare but can include allergic reaction or intestinal obstruction. For pregnancy and breastfeeding, the data on sodium and potassium supplementation is limited or mixed—dietary amounts from food are considered safe, but supplements warrant a conversation with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Potassium Banana

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Potassium, Sodium, Banana.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 2,037 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking Prebiotic+ if you're on any blood pressure or heart medications—especially potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers—because of the potassium content. If you take lithium, antihypertensive drugs, corticosteroids, or levodopa (for Parkinson's disease), review this product with your healthcare provider before starting.

High sodium and potassium from supplemental sources can shift how these drugs work or cause dangerous electrolyte levels.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Prebiotic+ is a prebiotic powder aimed at supporting healthy gut bacteria through fiber and resistant starches. If you take blood pressure medications, heart drugs, lithium, or Parkinson's medication, or if you have kidney disease or high blood pressure, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product—the sodium and potassium content could interfere with how your medications work or cause serious electrolyte imbalances.

For most people, discuss it with your healthcare provider first to make sure it's the right fit for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Prebiotic+, straight from the product label.

Brand NS Natural Stacks
Barcode (UPC) 701698826490
Net contents 1 lb; 454 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 21, 2016
DSLD ID 66743
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
13.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
55.2 Gram(s)
Servings per container
16
UPC/BARCODE
701698826490
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories92 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates23.4 Gram(s)7%
Sugar3.3 Gram(s)--
Calories from Fat0 Calorie(s)--
Dietary Fiber2.4 Gram(s)10%
Protein1 Gram(s)1%
Saturated Fat0 Gram(s)--
Sodium10 mg1%
Potassium50 mg1%
Cholesterol0 mg--
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Trehalose3.5 Gram(s)--
Resistant Starch Complex24 Gram(s)--
unmodified Potato Starch18 Gram(s)--
Green Banana Flour4.6 Gram(s)--
Orafti Synergy1 Inulin-FOS1.4 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Ceylon Cinnamon

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Warning: Consult a healthcare practitioner before taking this or any nutritional supplement if you are pregnant/nursing, have or suspect a medical condition, are taking any medications, or other non-Natural Stacks dietary supplements.

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

OraftiSynergy1 is a registered trademark of BENEO-Orafti Inc.

Live Optimal

Formula

Prebiotic+ features a blend of natural prebiotics to encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria (such as probiotics bifidobacteria and lactobacilli).

-15 grams net resistant starch (RS2) in each serving - Potato starch and green banana flour for healthy gut flore - Inulin-FOS from European chicory to help regulate blood sugar - Enhanced with super nutrients Trehalose and Ceylon Cinnamon

General Statements

Research suggests that the compounds in Prebiotic+ can improve gut and overall health. The benefits include optimal digestion, increased metabolism, and deeper sleep.

Digestion - Metabolism - Sleep

Note: Product packed with a nontoxic desiccant.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This Product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

U.S.A. manufactured in cGMP facility

Formulation

No preservatives No artificial colors No dairy No GMO

Gluten free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Mix with 4-6 oz of cold water or blend into your favorite smoothie. Start by taking 1/2 scoop per day for 1 week then increase to 1-2 scoops per day, preferably in the evening. Scoop included.

See for yourself

Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size13.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

3.3 Gram(s) per serving

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
2.4 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Protein

1 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
50 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Trehalose

3.5 Gram(s) per serving

Resistant Starch Complex

24 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Ceylon Cinnamon. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Prebiotic+?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,036Drugs
247 Moderate 1,789 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Prebiotic+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C

Green Banana Flour1 drug type · 5 drugs

Levodopa

Taking banana may reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
A case report describes apparent wearing off in a patient with Parkinson disease after eating a banana every day. The wearing off subsided after removing dietary bananas.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Prebiotic+, from the product label.

NS Natural Stacks

See all NS Natural Stacks products
Name
Natural Stacks Inc.
Street Address
16192 Coastal Hwy
City
Lewes
State
DE
ZipCode
19958
Phone Number
1-855-678-2257
Web Address
www.naturalstacks.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks: Common Questions

Does Prebiotic+ by NS Natural Stacks interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Prebiotic+ has a known interaction with 2,036 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Prebiotic+ contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have any fillers or inactive ingredients?
Yes—Ceylon cinnamon is listed as an inactive ingredient. The 6 active ingredients (sodium, potassium, trehalose, resistant starch complex, unmodified potato starch, green banana flour, and inulin-FOS) do the work; Ceylon cinnamon is there for flavor or preservation but doesn't contribute to the prebiotic effect.
Is this safe to take during pregnancy?
The data we hold is limited or mixed. Dietary potassium from food is likely safe in pregnancy, but sodium and potassium supplements need a careful look—talk with your doctor before taking this product while pregnant. Green banana flour as a food is considered safe in pregnancy, but concentrated supplements aren't as well studied.
Can this help with diarrhea?
Green banana flour shows possibly effective evidence for diarrhea relief. The other prebiotic ingredients (resistant starch, inulin-FOS) are designed to support gut health, but we don't have specific effectiveness data for them in our records. If you're using this for diarrhea, check with your doctor or pharmacist to confirm it's the right choice for your situation.
What side effects might I notice from this powder?
The most common side effects come from the prebiotic carbohydrates and banana flour: bloating, gas, cramping, and softer stools. These are typical when your gut adjusts to added fiber. Rare serious effects include allergic reactions or intestinal obstruction, though those are uncommon. High potassium or sodium from any supplement can cause heart rhythm problems or mental confusion—watch for palpitations or confusion and alert your doctor right away.
Why does this product have sodium and potassium in it?
Sodium and potassium are electrolytes that help balance fluids and support nerve and heart function. They're included here as part of the mineral and prebiotic formulation, but because this is a supplement rather than food, the amounts need to be managed carefully—especially if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, or take certain medications.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Prebiotic+ is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Prebiotic+ label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Prebiotic+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
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Potassium 12 references
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  10. Hotozuka S, Yasu T, Hikita E, Shirota M. Interaction Between Levodopa and Banana in a Patient With Parkinson's Disease. Am J Ther 2022;29(4):465-467. PubMed
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See these in context on the Banana monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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