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Dietary supplement

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Culturelle

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry is a dietary supplement by Culturelle with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,121 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Sodium, Bacillus subtilis DE111. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Culturelle Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry contains 3 active ingredients: sodium, inulin, and Bacillus subtilis DE111, a probiotic strain. The gummy also includes inactive ingredients—water, cane sugar, pectin, natural flavors, citric acid, sodium citrate, corn starch, fruit and vegetable colors, and fractionated coconut oil—to make up the finished product.

The probiotic strain is the main active component; sodium and inulin play supporting roles. Inulin is a type of fiber that feeds beneficial bacteria in your gut.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: digestive health and gut microbiome balance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Constipation, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Flatulence — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Black Psyllium is rated "Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Inulin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation.
  • Also on file: Bacillus Subtilis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

The evidence on this product's ingredients is mixed. Bacillus subtilis DE111 is possibly effective for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but evidence for athletic performance, constipation, and other uses is insufficient.

Inulin is possibly effective for obesity, constipation, and diabetes, though evidence for fatty liver disease and anemia is insufficient. Sodium's effectiveness for the conditions listed in our data—cystic fibrosis and amphotericin B kidney damage—doesn't apply to how these gummies are being used.

For the product as a whole, the effectiveness data we hold doesn't establish whether it works as a general probiotic.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Inulin Bacillus Subtilis

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Bacillus subtilis DE111 is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though quality and safety vary by product and strain, and safety data is limited—talk with your doctor before using it if you have concerns. Inulin is generally well tolerated but commonly causes gas, bloating, diarrhea, and stomach cramps, especially at higher doses; amounts in food are fine, but concentrated supplements warrant caution.

Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and worsening of kidney disease. The safety notes advise against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice; normal dietary sodium is fine.

Pregnancy and lactation data for sodium are mixed—rated both Likely Safe and Possibly Unsafe—so talk with your doctor before taking this product if you are pregnant or nursing. Inulin and Bacillus subtilis are likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Inulin Bacillus Subtilis

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Inulin, Sodium, Bacillus Subtilis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,122 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking if you use blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), lithium, diabetes drugs, antibiotics, or corticosteroids. Sodium in the product may reduce blood pressure medication effectiveness or increase lithium levels; antibiotics may kill the live probiotic organisms; and diabetes drugs combined with inulin may increase low blood sugar risk.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

These gummies may appeal to you if you're looking for a probiotic with added fiber and tolerate their ingredients well. Be cautious if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, diabetes drugs, antibiotics, or corticosteroids—check with your doctor or pharmacist first.

If you're pregnant, nursing, or have heart, kidney, or blood pressure concerns, discuss this product with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 16, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry, straight from the product label.

Brand Culturelle
Barcode (UPC) 049100400921
Net contents 52 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 16, 2022
DSLD ID 267568
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
26
UPC/BARCODE
049100400921
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)2%
Dietary Fiber2 Gram(s)7%
Sodium10 mg1%
Added Sugars1 Gram(s)2%
Total Sugars1 Gram(s)--
Inulin2 Gram(s)--
Bacillus subtilis DE11130 mg--

Other ingredients: Water, Cane Sugar, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Corn Starch, Colors from Fruit and Vegetables, fractionated Coconut Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Vegan

Dairy-free Gluten-free Non-GMO

Probiotics have the power to help keep you healthy by promoting a natural balance of good bacteria in your microbiome.

From the most trusted probiotic blend Probiotics Balance your gut naturally with the power of good bacteria

High survivability

The unique probiotic strain in Culturelle Probiotic Gummies was specifically selected to ensure great taste, texture and efficacy.

Made in Canada.

Meets the FDA's guidlines for gluten-free.

Meets the FDA’s guidelines for gluten-free.

Formula

2 grams fiber per serving

Mixed Berry Gummies with other natural flavors

3 Billion CFUs 3 billion CFUs of good bacteria

General Statements

Unleash the Power of Your Microbiome! Your gut microbiome helps support an overall healthy you because it’s linked to your digestive health, cognition, mood, nutrition, & immune system. Trust your gut to Culturelle All Culturelle products contain probiotic strains that work through expiration.

From the Most Trusted Probiotic Brand

Based on the 2019 BrandSpark American Shopper Study.

Precautions

For questions, concerns or to report an adverse event, please call (800) 722-3476.

Keep out of reach of children. Not intended for children under 3 years of age due to risk of choking.

Caution: Do not take if seal is broken.

While there are no dairy-derived ingredients in the product, it is produced in a facility that also handles dairy ingredients.

Inform a healthcare professional before starting any dietary supplement, particularly if there is a known immune-compromised condition.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Culturelle is a trademark of DSM. DE111 is a trademark of Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes, Inc.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Probiotic Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Enjoy two (2) gummies daily with or without food.

Storage

Storage Instructions: Store Culturelle in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

See for yourself

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container26 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
2 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Inulin

Interacts with
86 drugs
2 Gram(s) per serving Form: Chicory root extract

Inulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements an...

Inulin monograph & interactions

Bacillus subtilis DE111

Interacts with
182 drugs
30 mg per serving

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium found in soil and some fermented foods, and it is used mainly to support gut health and diges...

Bacillus subtilis DE111 monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Cane Sugar, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Corn Starch, Colors from Fruit and Vegetables, Fractionated Coconut Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,121Drugs
409 Moderate 1,712 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Inulin 86

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Bacillus subtilis DE1111 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bacillus subtilis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. subtilis.
Since B. subtilis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. subtilis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Inulin1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, inulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia with antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that inulin improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, it is unclear if it has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry, from the product label.

Culturelle

Name
i-Health, Inc.
Street Address
55 Sebethe Drive
City
Cromwell
State
CT
ZipCode
06416
Phone Number
(800) 722-3476
Web Address
www.culturelle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle: Common Questions

Does Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry by Culturelle interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry has a known interaction with 2,121 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will these gummies work as well if I take antibiotics?
Probably not as well. Antibiotics can kill the live Bacillus subtilis organisms in the gummies, so they won't work the way they're meant to. If you're taking antibiotics, ask your doctor or pharmacist about timing—they may suggest spacing the two apart.
Can I take these if I'm on blood pressure medication?
The sodium in these gummies might reduce how well your blood pressure drugs work. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding them, especially if your blood pressure is already hard to control.
Will these cause bloating?
Inulin is known to cause gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and stomach cramps, especially at higher amounts. If you're sensitive to fiber, you may notice these side effects when you start.
Are these safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Our data is mixed on sodium safety in pregnancy and lactation—it's rated both likely safe and possibly unsafe. Inulin and the probiotic strain are likely safe, but because sodium safety is unclear, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using these gummies while pregnant or nursing.
What is Bacillus subtilis DE111?
It's a probiotic strain—a live beneficial bacterium—that is possibly effective for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The evidence for other uses like constipation or athletic performance is not yet established.
What does inulin do?
Inulin is a type of fiber that feeds the good bacteria in your gut. It's possibly effective for obesity, constipation, and diabetes, though evidence for other uses is not yet clear.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Probiotic Gummies Mixed Berry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 83 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
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Inulin 17 references
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Bacillus Subtilis 10 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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