Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Probiotic Solutions

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs is a dietary supplement by GNC Probiotic Solutions with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 232 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60), Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34). Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “LAB4 Probiotics” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “ProHydrolase Protease Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (120 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product has 8 active ingredients. L-glutamine is an amino acid that plays a role in immune function and gut health.

The probiotic blend includes five strains of beneficial bacteria: two types of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (also called B. lactis)—all live microorganisms meant to support digestive and immune balance. It also contains elevATP (a compound linked to cellular energy) and a protease enzyme blend to aid protein breakdown.

The capsule also holds inactive ingredients like potato maltodextrin (a thickener), silica, magnesium stearate, and titanium dioxide—these are fillers and binders that give the capsule its form and shelf stability.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: digestive health and sports performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Athletic performance, Constipation, Diarrhea, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced respiratory infections — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation.
  • Also on file: Bacillus Subtilis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

For L-glutamine, the data shows it's Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and trauma recovery. The probiotic strains have mixed evidence.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is Possibly Effective for irritable bowel syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and bacterial vaginosis. Bifidobacterium bifidum is Possibly Effective for IBS and respiratory tract infections.

Bifidobacterium lactis is Possibly Effective for respiratory tract infections, IBS, and constipation. Bacillus subtilis is Possibly Effective for antibiotic-associated diarrhea but has Insufficient Evidence for athletic performance, constipation, and other uses.

We don't have effectiveness data on file for elevATP or the pineapple enzyme (Ananas comosus).

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis Bacillus Subtilis

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy, but the data advises avoiding supplemental doses while breastfeeding unless a doctor recommends it. The probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum and lactis) are rated Possibly Safe in pregnancy but don't have enough lactation data on file.

Common side effects from L-glutamine include bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and gastrointestinal pain. At high doses, headache and dizziness have been reported.

Very rarely, cases of mania or hypomania have occurred in people with bipolar disorder. The probiotic bacteria generally cause mild gastrointestinal effects like bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea—these are uncommon.

L-glutamine should be used only under medical supervision in people with kidney or liver disease. Anyone with a weakened immune system should talk to their doctor before using probiotics, since rare cases of bacterial infection have been reported.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis Bacillus Subtilis

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Glutamine, Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis, Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bacillus Subtilis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: seizure medications.
  • For scale: 232 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you use antibiotic drugs (Moderate)—these can kill the live bacteria and reduce the product's effectiveness, so you'll need to space doses apart. If you take anticonvulsant medications for seizures (Moderate), let your healthcare provider know, since L-glutamine may theoretically interfere with how they work.

We couldn't check two ingredients, so review your full medication list with your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a probiotic designed to support digestive and immune health during athletic activity or recovery. If you take antibiotics or anticonvulsants, you'll want to review this product with your doctor or pharmacist first—timing matters with the antibiotics especially.

L-glutamine is generally well tolerated, and the probiotic strains are commonly used, but talk with your own healthcare provider before starting, especially if you have a compromised immune system, kidney or liver disease, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Probiotic Solutions
Net contents 30 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2017
DSLD ID 77164
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine150 mg--
Ananas comosus0 NP--
Bacillus subtilis0 NP--
Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60)0 NP--
Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 21)0 NP--
Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20)0 NP--
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34)0 NP--
elevATP150 mg--
LAB4 Probiotics0 NP--
ProHydrolase Protease Enzyme Blend120 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule Shell, Potato Maltodextrin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General

CODE 424638 IRG

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take one capsule daily with a protein product or a meal.

Formulation

Gluten free, lactose free, vegetarian, dairy free.

Gluten free, lactose free, vegetarian, dairy free.

Seals/Symbols

Gf Gluten free

Brand IP Statement(s)

elevATP Healthy Mitochondrial Energy elevATP is a trademark of VDF/Futureceuticals, Inc. and is used under license. ProHydrolase is a trademark of Deerland Enzymes, Inc.

elevATP shown to increase circulating ATP

General Statements

Why GNC Probiotic Solutions Sport? Multiple strains of live, active probiotic cultures Advanced enzyme blend for greater protein absorption

Guaranteed potency through expiration date

Actual size

Made in the UK

Potency guaranteed 25 billion CFUs Clinically studied multi-strain probiotic with advanced enzyme blend for protein absorption

Fuels muscle energy & exercise recovery

25 billion active cultures

Guaranteed potency Probiotic Solutions Sport has been tested to ensure the full 25 billion cultures in each dose are live and active when used by the expiration date.

Storage

No refrigeration necessary

Store in a cool, dry place. No refrigeration required.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Warning: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Glutamine

Interacts with
50 drugs
150 mg per serving

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...

L-Glutamine monograph & interactions

ElevATP

150 mg per serving Form: Apple extract, Peat

ProHydrolase Protease Enzyme Blend

120 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule Shell, Potato Maltodextrin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
232Drugs
232 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60) 182
Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20) 182
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34) 182
Bacillus subtilis 182
L-Glutamine 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs interact with 232 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 8 ingredients in Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60) Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34) Bacillus subtilis L-Glutamine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL 60) full monograph & interactions

Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium. bifidum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. bifidum.
Since B. bifidum preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. bifidum preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL 20) full monograph & interactions

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34)1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium lactis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. lactis.
Since B. lactis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. lactis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CUL 34) full monograph & interactions

Bacillus subtilis1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bacillus subtilis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. subtilis.
Since B. subtilis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. subtilis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus subtilis full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs, from the product label.

GNC Probiotic Solutions

See all GNC Probiotic Solutions products
Name
General Nutrition Corporation
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15222
Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Web Address
gnc.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions: Common Questions

Does Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs by GNC Probiotic Solutions interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs has a known interaction with 232 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while I'm on antibiotics?
Not at the same time. Antibiotics will kill the live bacteria in this product. Space your antibiotic dose and this supplement apart by a few hours—ask your pharmacist for the best timing. Once you finish the antibiotic course, you can resume the probiotic.
Is this safe to take while pregnant?
L-glutamine is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy. The probiotic strains are rated Possibly Safe, but there isn't enough data to be certain. Talk with your doctor before starting—they know your full health picture and can give you personalized advice.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
There isn't enough safety data on file for L-glutamine or most of the probiotics during breastfeeding. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if it's right for you.
What does L-glutamine do in this product?
L-glutamine is an amino acid that supports immune function and gut health, especially during and after intense physical activity. It's Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for recovery from surgery or trauma.
What are the probiotics for?
Each bacterial strain supports digestive and immune balance in different ways. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium are Possibly Effective for irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and some infections. Bifidobacterium lactis may help with constipation and respiratory infections.
Will this cause bloating or digestive upset?
Some people report mild bloating, flatulence, or diarrhea when starting probiotics or L-glutamine, especially at higher doses—but these side effects are uncommon. Start with the recommended dose and give your body a few days to adjust. If stomach pain or persistent diarrhea occurs, stop and check with your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Bifidum

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium bifidum is a 'friendly' bacteria (probiotic) that naturally lives in the human gut and is taken to support digestion and gut balance. Some evidence suggests probiotics may he...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is a well-studied probiotic bacterium commonly added to supplements and yogurts to support digestion and gut health. It appears generally safe for most...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Subtilis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium found in soil and some fermented foods, and it is used mainly to support gut health and digestion. Early research is promising for ce...

Read the full Bacillus Subtilis monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Probiotic Solutions Sport 25 Billion CFUs's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 51 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Bacillus Subtilis 10 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Lampropoulos PK, Gkentzi D, Tzifas S, Dimitriou G. Neonatal sepsis due to Bacillus subtilis. Cureus 2021;13(9):e17692. PubMed
  3. La Jeon Y, Yang JJ, Kim MJ, et al. Combined Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis infection in a patient with oesophageal perforation. J Med Microbiol 2012;61(Pt 12):1766-1769. PubMed
  4. Wallet F, Crunelle V, Roussel-Delvallez M, Fruchart A, Saunier P, Courcol RJ. Bacillus subtilis as a cause of cholangitis in polycystic kidney and liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(7):1477-8.
  5. Velasco E, Martins CA, Tabak D, Bouzas LF. "Bacillus subtilis" infection in a patient submitted to a bone marrow transplantation. Rev Paul Med 1992;110(3):116-7.
  6. Kato A, Yoshifuji A, Komori K, et al. A case of Bacillus subtilis var. natto bacteremia caused by ingestion of natto during COVID-19 treatment in a maintenance hemodialysis patient with multiple myeloma. J Infect Chemother 2022;28(8):1212-1215. PubMed
  7. Freedman KE, Hill JL, Wei Y, et al. Examining the gastrointestinal and immunomodulatory effects of the novel probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(5):2453. PubMed
  8. Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Denayrolles M, et al. Safety assessment of Bacillus subtilis CU1 for use as a probiotic in humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017;83:54-65. PubMed
  9. Hanifi A, Culpepper T, Mai V, et al. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis R0179 on gastrointestinal viability and general wellness: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2015;6(1):19-27. PubMed
  10. Tokano M, Tarumoto N, Imai K, et al. A case of bacterial meningitis caused by Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Intern Med. 2022. Epub ahead of print.

See these in context on the Bacillus Subtilis monograph →

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
  10. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

Bifidobacterium Bifidum 7 references
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  2. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  3. Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Randomized controlled trial of probiotics to reduce common cold in schoolchildren. Pediatr Int. 2012;54(5):682-7. PubMed
  4. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  5. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  6. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  7. Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed

See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph →

Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis 8 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Phuapradit P, Varavithya W, Vathanophas K, et al. Reduction of rotavirus infection in children receiving bifidobacteria-supplemented formula. J Med Assoc Thai 1999;82:S43-8.
  3. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  4. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  5. Taipale TJ, Pienihäkkinen K, Isolauri E, Jokela JT, Söderling EM. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood. Pediatr Res. 2016;79(1-1):65-9. PubMed
  6. Amat-Bou M, Garcia-Ribera S, Climent E, et al. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis (BPL1) supplementation in children and adolescents with prader-willi syndrome: A randomized crossover trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3123. PubMed
  7. Mäkelä SM, Forssten SD, Kailajärvi M, et al. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 on gastrointestinal inflammation induced by a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Br J Clin Ph
  8. Wildt S, Munck LK, Vinter-Jensen L, et al. Probiotic treatment of collagenous colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12(5):395-401. PubMed

See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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