Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 3 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Thyroid Health 1 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Professional Botanicals

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Thyroid Health 1 is a dietary supplement by Professional Botanicals with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general nutrition and energy, antioxidant support, cholesterol and metabolic health.Based on those ingredients, 1,538 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Spirulina, Calcium, Yellow Dock. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 15 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (612 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “AdPT” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “EDS” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Thyroid Health 1 contains 15 total ingredients, including several active botanical extracts and digestive enzymes. The product features calcium for bone and metabolic support, plus protease and lipase (digestive enzymes that help break down proteins and fats), and a blend of herbal adaptogens and mushroom extracts: ashwagandha, reishi mushroom, gynostemma (also called jiaogulan), rhodiola, spirulina, cordyceps, and eleuthero.

Yellow dock is also included. Three other ingredients—a proprietary blend, an AdPT blend, and an EDS blend—are listed as containers for their component ingredients, which are detailed individually above.

The product also contains inactive ingredients: rice flour, cellulose, and water.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Nourish and support thyroid gland health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Autoimmune thyroiditis, Thyroid function, Hypothyroidism, Goiter.
  • The closest evidence on file: Cordyceps is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Autoimmune thyroiditis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Hypothyroidism.

Calcium in this product is effective for kidney failure, indigestion, low blood calcium (hypocalcemia), high blood potassium (hyperkalemia), and likely effective for osteoporosis. For the herbal ingredients, ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder.

Gynostemma is possibly effective for diabetes. Reishi is possibly ineffective for high cholesterol.

The effectiveness of protease, lipase, rhodiola, spirulina, cordyceps, and eleuthero for their intended uses in this product is not established in our data—either insufficient evidence exists or evidence is absent. Yellow dock carries no effectiveness ratings in our database.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Blue-green Algae Yellow Dock Calcium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 11 of the 11 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 11 of 11.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 11 of 11.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Calcium is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, though high doses can cause problems; it's likely safe in pregnancy within recommended amounts and safe during breastfeeding. Common oral side effects include belching, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, and stomach upset.

Rare serious concerns include kidney stones and calciphylaxis; very high doses (over 1,500–2,000 mg daily) have been weakly linked to increased prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease risk in some studies. Ashwagandha is traditionally thought to risk miscarriage and should be avoided in pregnancy; safety data during breastfeeding is insufficient, so avoid use.

It is generally well tolerated short-term but may cause diarrhea, upset stomach, nausea, or vomiting. Rare serious adverse effects include acute liver failure and hepatitis.

Reishi, rhodiola, cordyceps, and eleuthero lack sufficient safety data for pregnancy and breastfeeding—all should be avoided. Protease is best avoided in pregnancy and not recommended during breastfeeding.

Lipase has insufficient data for pregnancy and breastfeeding; check with your provider. Gynostemma should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Yellow dock is a laxative and contains oxalates; it should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding because laxative compounds may pass into milk. Spirulina quality varies and some products are contaminated with toxins or heavy metals; avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to contamination risk.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Blue-green Algae Yellow Dock Calcium

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 9 of the 11 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Jiaogulan, Cordyceps, Yellow Dock, Calcium, Rhodiola, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,539 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Thyroid Health 1, check with your pharmacist if you take any HIV integrase inhibitor (dolutegravir, elvitegravir), intravenous ceftriaxone, diuretics, digoxin, warfarin, levothyroxine (thyroid hormone), sotalol, or any blood-pressure, blood-sugar, blood-thinning, immune-suppressing, or sedating medication—all carry documented Moderate or Major interactions with ingredients in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines calcium with multiple herbal extracts and enzymes. If you take any thyroid hormone, blood thinner, blood-pressure or blood-sugar medication, digoxin, diuretics, or any HIV integrase inhibitor, you must check your specific medications with the tool on this page before starting.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your pharmacist or doctor first—several ingredients carry safety concerns in these situations.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 11 of 15 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 23, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Thyroid Health 1, straight from the product label.

Brand Professional Botanicals
Barcode (UPC) 898175001782
Net contents 90 Veg Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 23, 2024
DSLD ID 308967
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
898175001782
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend612 mg--
Amylase0 NP--
Calcium36 mg4%
Protease0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Ashwagandha0 NP--
AdPT0 NP--
Reishi0 NP--
Gynostemma0 NP--
EDS0 NP--
Thymus substance0 NP--
Rhodiola0 NP--
Spirulina0 NP--
Cordyceps0 NP--
Eleuthero0 NP--
Trace Minerals0 NP--
Yellow Dock0 NP--

Other ingredients: Rice Flour, Cellulose, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Designed to nourish and support the thyroid gland.

Gluten free Non-GMO verified No fillers

3x tested

Premium quality

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Dosage: One to two capsules three times a day, or as directed.

Brand IP Statement(s)

EDS: Added enzymes for better absorption & breakdown. AdPT: Adaptogenic herbs for energy production & adaptation.

Professional Botanicals EST. 1980

Seals/Symbols

Non-GMO Verified

Made in USA

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Please recycle

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

612 mg per serving

Calcium

Interacts with
168 drugs
36 mg per serving Form: Calcium Lactate

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...

Calcium monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Flour, Cellulose, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Thyroid Health 1?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,538Drugs
83 Major 1,140 Moderate 315 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Spirulina 327
Calcium 168

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Thyroid Health 1 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Spirulina3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Calcium18 drug types · 168 drugs

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aluminum

Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Lithium

Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Raltegravir (Isentress)

Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sotalol (Betapace)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Thiazide Diuretics

Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Yellow Dock3 drug types · 78 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur. This might increase the toxic effects of digoxin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur, and overuse of yellow dock might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, the laxative effects of yellow dock might increase the effects of warfarin, including the risk of bleeding.
The anthraquinones in yellow dock have a mild stimulant laxative effect. Consuming excessive amounts can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Thyroid Health 1, from the product label.

Professional Botanicals

See all Professional Botanicals products
Name
Professional Botanicals
City
Ogden
State
UT
ZipCode
84404
Phone Number
877-745-0850
Web Address
ProfessionalBotanicals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals: Common Questions

Does Thyroid Health 1 by Professional Botanicals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Thyroid Health 1 has a known interaction with 1,538 medications, including 83 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Thyroid Health 1 contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is calcium in this product safe if I take levothyroxine for my thyroid?
No—calcium significantly reduces how much levothyroxine your body absorbs. Take levothyroxine at least 4 hours apart from any calcium supplement or this product. Check with your pharmacist before starting.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Ashwagandha is traditionally thought to risk miscarriage and should be avoided. Gynostemma, reishi, rhodiola, cordyceps, eleuthero, protease, and yellow dock all lack sufficient safety data in pregnancy. Calcium is likely safe at recommended doses. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
What are the digestive enzymes in this product for?
Protease and lipase are meant to help break down proteins and fats in food. However, there is insufficient evidence to establish whether they actually improve digestion when taken as supplements in the amounts used here.
Will this help my thyroid?
Calcium is not rated for thyroid disease. Ashwagandha may increase the effects of thyroid hormones, which could help or harm depending on your dose and condition—talk with your pharmacist. The other ingredients lack established effectiveness for thyroid function in our data.
What side effects might I notice?
The most common are from calcium: belching, constipation, diarrhea, gas, and stomach upset. Ashwagandha may cause diarrhea, nausea, or upset stomach. Spirulina, cordyceps, and other extracts may cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, or headache in some people. Rare but serious liver injury has been reported with ashwagandha.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Calcium is safe during breastfeeding at recommended doses. Several ingredients—ashwagandha, gynostemma, reishi, rhodiola, cordyceps, eleuthero, protease, lipase, and yellow dock—lack sufficient safety data or pose a risk (yellow dock's laxative compounds may pass into milk). Ask your pharmacist or doctor for personalized advice.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Thyroid Health 1 label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Thyroid Health 1's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 204 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Calcium 62 references
  1. Shils M, Olson A, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1994.
  2. Hernandez-Avila M, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Hernandez-Avila JE, et al. Dietary calcium supplements to lower blood lead levels in lactating women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epidemiology 2003;14:206-12.. PubMed
  3. Thys-Jacobs S, Ceccarelli S, Bierman A, et al. Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:183-9. PubMed
  4. Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
  5. Clemens JD, Feinstein AR. Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia. Gastroenterology 1977;72:957-61. DOI
  6. Saunders D, Sillery J, Chapman R. Effect of calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide on human intestinal function. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:409-13. PubMed
  7. Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.
  8. Koo WK, Walters JC, Esterlitz J, et al. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:577-82. DOI
  9. Raman L, Rajalakshmi K, Krishnamachari KAVR, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:466-9. DOI
  10. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  11. Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, et al. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-66.
  12. Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595. PubMed
  13. Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750. PubMed
  14. Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9. PubMed
  15. Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5. PubMed
  16. Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12.. PubMed
  17. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  18. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  19. Decktor DL, Robinson M, Maton PN, et al. Effects of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate on esophageal and gastric pH in subjects with heartburn. Am J Ther 1995;2:546-52. PubMed
  20. Simoneau G. Absence of rebound effect with calcium carbonate. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996;21:351-7. PubMed
  21. Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
  22. Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.
  23. Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s. PubMed
  24. Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6. PubMed
  25. Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96. PubMed
  26. Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1147-54. PubMed
  27. Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD003548. PubMed
  28. Tavani A, Bertuccio P, Bosetti C, et al. Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2005;48:27-33. PubMed
  29. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:203-10. PubMed
  30. Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
  31. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised control trial. BMJ 2008;336:262-6.
  32. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691. PubMed
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Lipase 1 reference
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Ashwagandha 32 references
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Reishi Mushroom 17 references
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Jiaogulan 8 references
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Rhodiola 13 references
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Blue-green Algae 22 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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