FDA-filed SPL labeling · retrieved through openFDA

Linezolid

Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections including pneumonia, skin infections, and vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections in adults and children.

Brand name Zyvox
Drug class Oxazolidinone Antibacterial
Rx Forms 3 Routes Intravenous · Oral
Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Reviewed by Last reviewed Jul 10, 2026
🧬 Where this information comes from Click to expand

The clinical label records used on this page are FDA-filed Structured Product Labeling (SPL) retrieved through openFDA. We identified 22 clinical label sets within the page’s selected clinical scope after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching. Forms, routes, brands, labelers, strengths, and NDC product-record counts are built separately from matching FDA National Drug Code Directory records. The linked DailyMed document is a representative official source for verification, not the page’s only clinical source. View the linked label on DailyMed →

At a glance
Linked label effectiveJun 23, 2026
Clinical labels in scope 22
AvailabilityRx
Earliest approval/marketing year 2000
FDA-listed product records 135
Boxed warningNone found in compared labels
How we combine label and product data →
No current FDA shortage listed · checked Sep 22, 2026
Other forms & routes:
Linezolid at a glance The quick version — the full detail is in the Patient Information Guide below.
💊
HelloPharmacist Editorial Team Bottom Line
Linezolid is a powerful antibiotic reserved for serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, including drug-resistant ones that other antibiotics can't handle. It requires careful monitoring of blood counts and is not safe to combine with MAO inhibitors or many antidepressants. Take the full course as prescribed, watch for unusual symptoms like vision changes or signs of low blood counts, and tell every provider you see that you are on this medication.

📖 Linezolid: Patient Information Guide

A plain-language walkthrough of Linezolid — what it treats, how it works, how it’s taken, side effects, warnings and interactions. Tap any section to expand it.

🎯What it's used for

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone-class antibiotic approved for adults and children to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. It is available as Zyvox (brand) and in several generic forms including IV injection, oral tablets, and oral suspension.

  • Nosocomial pneumonia (hospital-acquired lung infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus — including MRSA — or Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Community-acquired pneumonia (including cases with bloodstream infection; caused by S. pneumoniae or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus only)
  • Complicated skin and skin structure infections, including diabetic foot infections without accompanying bone infection
  • Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, including those with concurrent bloodstream infection
  • Linezolid is not indicated for Gram-negative infections or for catheter-related bloodstream infections
  • Safety and effectiveness beyond 28 days of treatment have not been established in controlled trials
⚙️How it works

Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic that works by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome — essentially jamming a critical piece of the machinery bacteria use to build proteins. This prevents the formation of a working 70S initiation complex, which is the starting point for bacterial protein production and reproduction. Without this, bacteria cannot multiply.

Against enterococci and staphylococci, linezolid is bacteriostatic — it stops growth rather than killing the bacteria outright. Against most streptococci, it is bactericidal, meaning it kills the bacteria directly. Linezolid has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

💊How it's taken

Linezolid is available as an IV infusion (for hospital use), oral tablets, coated tablets, and oral liquid suspension. It is generally taken or given twice a day for most infections, though children under 12 may receive it more frequently based on weight. Oral linezolid can be taken with or without food — a high-fat meal slightly delays peak absorption but does not meaningfully reduce the total amount the body absorbs.

  • IV and oral doses are considered equivalent — no dose change is needed when switching between them
  • Treatment duration depends on the infection type; courses typically range from about 10 to 28 days
  • Always complete the full prescribed course, even if you feel better sooner
  • Follow your prescriber's and pharmacist's instructions exactly for your specific formulation and age group
🤒Side effects — in detail

The most common side effects reported in clinical trials include:

  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count)
  • Taste changes
  • Abdominal pain
  • Tongue discoloration
  • Oral or vaginal yeast infections (thrush)

More serious reactions — including dangerously low blood counts, serotonin syndrome, nerve damage, lactic acidosis, seizures, and severe C. difficile diarrhea — require immediate medical attention. Contact your doctor or go to an emergency room if you experience any of these.

⚠️Warnings & precautions
  • Bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression): Linezolid can cause low blood counts — including low platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Weekly blood count monitoring is required. This risk is higher with treatment beyond two weeks.
  • Serotonin syndrome: Combining linezolid with antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics), bupropion, buspirone, triptans, or meperidine can trigger a life-threatening reaction with fever, agitation, muscle rigidity, and confusion. This combination should be avoided unless there is no alternative, and only under close medical supervision.
  • MAO inhibitor interaction: Linezolid itself acts as an MAO inhibitor. Taking it with other MAOIs is contraindicated and can cause severe, potentially fatal reactions.
  • Nerve damage (peripheral and optic neuropathy): Numbness, tingling in the extremities, or vision changes can develop — more commonly with longer treatment. Report any visual symptoms immediately.
  • Blood pressure spikes: Linezolid can amplify the blood pressure-raising effects of decongestants, vasopressors, and high-tyramine foods. Patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure should be monitored carefully.
  • Lactic acidosis: Repeated nausea and vomiting or unexplained acid buildup in the blood is an emergency — seek care immediately.
  • C. difficile colitis: Severe diarrhea during or up to two months after antibiotic use may signal a serious bowel infection requiring treatment.
  • Not for catheter-related bloodstream infections: A clinical study showed higher mortality in linezolid-treated patients with these infections; it is not approved for this use.
🔀What it interacts with

Linezolid interacts with a wide range of medications, foods, and supplements — some interactions are serious. Always give your prescriber and pharmacist a full list of everything you take.

  • MAO inhibitors (phenelzine, isocarboxazid): Absolutely contraindicated — wait at least 2 weeks after stopping an MAOI before starting linezolid
  • Serotonergic antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics), bupropion, buspirone: Risk of serotonin syndrome — a potentially fatal reaction; avoid combining unless unavoidable
  • Triptans (migraine medicines), meperidine: Also increase serotonin syndrome risk
  • Pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine (decongestants): Can cause a significant blood pressure spike when combined with linezolid
  • Vasopressors and dopaminergic agents (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine): Blood pressure-raising effect is amplified; initial doses should be reduced and carefully titrated
  • High-tyramine foods (aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented products, tap beer, red wine): can trigger a significant rise in blood pressure — avoid large amounts
  • Rifampin: Reduces linezolid blood levels by about one-third; other strong enzyme inducers (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) may have a similar effect
  • Insulin or oral blood sugar-lowering medicines: Risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in people with diabetes — monitor blood sugar carefully

This is not a complete list of interactions. Always talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.

📋Before taking it
  • Do not take linezolid if you have a known allergy to linezolid or any ingredient in the product
  • Do not take it if you are currently on or have taken an MAO inhibitor within the past 2 weeks
  • Tell your doctor if you have uncontrolled high blood pressure, pheochromocytoma, thyroid overactivity, or carcinoid syndrome
  • Disclose all medications — especially antidepressants, pain medicines, migraine drugs, and cold/allergy products — before starting linezolid
  • If you have diabetes and use insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, discuss the risk of low blood sugar with your prescriber
  • If you have a history of seizures, tell your doctor before starting linezolid
  • Pregnancy: Animal studies showed some risks at high doses; available human data have not identified clear birth defect risk, but risks cannot be fully ruled out — discuss benefits vs. risks with your doctor
  • Breastfeeding: Linezolid passes into breast milk; monitor your nursing infant for diarrhea and vomiting and discuss with your healthcare provider
  • Children: Linezolid is approved for pediatric patients from birth, but dosing varies by age and weight; premature newborns under 7 days old may need a different dosing schedule
  • Older adults (65+): No dose adjustment is typically needed, but close monitoring is still important
  • Linezolid is not recommended for empiric treatment of central nervous system infections in children, as adequate drug levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are not consistently achieved
🚑If you take too much

If too much linezolid is taken, seek medical attention immediately. Supportive care is the primary approach, focused on maintaining kidney function. Hemodialysis (kidney filtration therapy) can help remove linezolid from the body more quickly — about 30% of a dose can be cleared in a 3-hour session.

📡Pharmacodynamics — effects in the body

In a thorough QT study, linezolid at standard and double the standard dose did not cause a significant effect on the QTc interval (the heart's electrical timing) at peak blood levels or at any other time point. This suggests linezolid does not meaningfully increase the risk of dangerous heart rhythm changes related to QT prolongation.

🔬Pharmacokinetics — how your body processes it

Linezolid is almost completely absorbed when taken by mouth — around 100% bioavailability — so switching between IV and oral forms requires no dose change. Peak blood levels are reached within 1 to 2 hours of an oral dose, and the drug has an elimination half-life of roughly 4 to 5 hours in adults. It distributes well to body tissues and is only about 31% bound to blood proteins.

Linezolid is broken down mainly in the body through chemical oxidation (not significantly through the liver's cytochrome P450 enzymes), producing two inactive metabolites. About 30% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine, with the rest leaving as metabolites in urine and, to a lesser extent, feces. The pharmacokinetics are not significantly changed in older adults, so no dose adjustment is needed for age alone.

📦How to store it

Store at 25ºC (77ºF). Protect from light. protect from moisture.

📄 Written from Linezolid’s FDA-approved label information, summarized in plain language with AI, and reviewed by our pharmacy team before publication. Every point is grounded in that labeling — nothing is invented. How we use AI →

65

Supplements & herbs that interact with Linezolid

65 supplements and herbal products have documented interactions with Linezolid in the licensed clinical database we use. Most are manageable — but your pharmacist should know about everything you take, including vitamins and herbals.

Severity mix
  • Major · 2
  • Moderate · 51
  • Minor · 12
Every supplement checked against Linezolid — ranked by severity The full interaction hub: 2 major · 51 moderate · 12 minor · every one linked to its full report. Check Linezolid against your exact supplements

Educational information from a licensed clinical database (Natural Medicines) — see our data sources & update cadence. Not medical advice: an interaction being documented does not mean it will happen to you; do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance.

7

Nutrient depletion considerations

Linezolid has been associated with lower levels of 7 nutrients in the clinical literature. This does not mean a deficiency will occur — it means these may be worth discussing with your pharmacist or healthcare provider, especially with long-term use.

Evidence & significance mix
  • Higher significance · 6
  • Moderate · 1
See the full Linezolid nutrient depletion report

Educational information from a licensed clinical database (Natural Medicines) — not medical advice. Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance.

🩺 Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Quick, plain-English answers to the questions patients ask most about Linezolid — the kind of thing our pharmacy team would talk through with you at the counter.

Why was I prescribed linezolid instead of a more common antibiotic?
Linezolid is reserved for infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to more common antibiotics — particularly MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Your doctor prescribed it because the bacteria causing your infection either don't respond to standard options, or this is the most appropriate choice for your type of infection. It's a targeted tool, not a first-line antibiotic.
Can I take my antidepressant while I'm on linezolid?
This is a really important question, and you're right to ask. Linezolid interacts with many antidepressants — especially SSRIs, tricyclics, and others that affect serotonin — and combining them can cause a dangerous reaction called serotonin syndrome, with symptoms like fever, agitation, rapid heartbeat, and muscle stiffness. Your prescriber needs to know every antidepressant or psychiatric medication you take before you start linezolid. In some cases, the antidepressant may need to be temporarily stopped and monitored — never stop it on your own without guidance.
Are there foods I need to avoid while taking linezolid?
Yes — and this one surprises a lot of people. Linezolid acts similarly to a class of drugs called MAO inhibitors, which means eating large amounts of high-tyramine foods can cause a significant spike in blood pressure. Foods to limit include aged cheeses, cured or processed meats, sauerkraut, soy sauce, tap beer, and red wine. You don't need to avoid these foods entirely, but avoid eating large amounts of them while you're on linezolid.
What side effects should I actually call my doctor about versus just ride out?
Mild nausea, headache, or loose stools are fairly common and often manageable. But you should call your doctor right away — or go to the ER — if you notice vision changes, numbness or tingling in your hands or feet, repeated vomiting without an obvious cause, severe or bloody diarrhea, unusual bruising or bleeding, or symptoms like high fever with agitation and muscle stiffness. Those last symptoms could point to a serious drug reaction, and waiting is not safe.
I have diabetes — is there anything extra I need to watch for?
Yes. If you take insulin or oral diabetes medications, linezolid may increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) — symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, or feeling faint. Keep checking your blood sugar as directed by your doctor, and let them know if your readings are running lower than usual. Your insulin or diabetes pill dose may need to be temporarily adjusted.
Is it safe to take linezolid while breastfeeding?
Linezolid does pass into breast milk in small amounts — roughly 6% to 9% of a typical infant treatment dose. While the overall amount is low, the main concern is that your baby could experience diarrhea or vomiting. Your doctor and pharmacist can help you weigh the benefits of treating your infection against any potential risk to your baby. If you do breastfeed while taking linezolid, watch your infant closely for stomach upset and report any concerns to your pediatrician.
Is Linezolid available over the counter?
Linezolid is dispensed by prescription according to its FDA labeling, so it isn't sold over the counter. Your prescriber and pharmacist will determine if it's appropriate for you.
When was Linezolid first available?
Linezolid has been available in the United States since at least 2000, based on FDA approval history (Drugs@FDA) and product marketing records.
Who makes Linezolid?
Linezolid is supplied by 53 manufacturers listed in the FDA NDC Directory, including Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC, Sandoz Inc, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc..

💬 Answers drafted from Linezolid’s FDA-approved label information, summarized in plain language with AI, and reviewed by our pharmacy team before publication. Grounded in that labeling — nothing is made up. How we use AI →

🧰 Keep exploring

💊 How Linezolid comes

Linezolid is available in 3 forms. Different forms and brands can have different approved uses, doses, schedules, and directions. Follow the instructions for your exact product, and do not switch forms without guidance from your prescriber or pharmacist.

Tablet

By mouth
Brands Zyvox
Available strengths 1 strength
44 FDA-listed product records

Oral suspension

By mouth
Brands Zyvox
Available strengths 1 strength
15 FDA-listed product records

📊 Linezolid across the U.S. market

How Linezolid appears in the FDA’s National Drug Code Directory — including its dosage forms, strengths, brand names, manufacturers, and FDA-listed product records. These are directory records, not sales or prescription volume.

3
Dose forms
53
Manufacturers
2
Brand names
135
FDA-listed product records
2000
First marketed

FDA-listed product records by dose form (tablet variants merged) — FDA National Drug Code Directory. Record counts are not sales or prescription volume.

Also listed with the FDA, not a patient dose form: Powder (19) — bulk drug substance sold to compounders/manufacturers and multi-item kits. These aren’t counted in the dose-form total above.

Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC16%
Sandoz Inc5%
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.5%
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.5%
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.3%
Mylan Institutional LLC3%
Other makers62%

Share of FDA-listed product records by manufacturer — FDA National Drug Code Directory. Record counts are not sales or prescription volume.

📈 How widely Linezolid is used

A general measure of how commonly Linezolid is prescribed, based on Medicaid — one of the largest public drug programs. The figure below is prescriptions filled in Q1–Q4 2025, summed across every form and brand of the drug.

Think of this as a proxy for how widely Linezolid is used, drawn from freely available public data. Medicaid is just one program — these numbers don’t include Medicare, other government coverage, or commercial and cash-pay prescriptions, so real-world use is higher than what’s shown here.

41,650
Medicaid prescriptions filled (Q1–Q4 2025)
$2.3M gross Medicaid reimbursement (before mandatory rebates — net cost is lower)

How commonly is Linezolid prescribed? Of the 1,596 medications we measure, Linezolid ranks #670 by Medicaid prescriptions — more than 58% of them.

Where Linezolid ranks among the drugs we measure · Q1–Q4 2025 · neighbors ±5

Utilization by Linezolid product

Pick a product to see its own Medicaid numbers. Each chip is one clinical product — a specific strength & dosage form as defined by RxNorm — with brand-name and generic versions combined.

The 600 mg oral tablet is the most-dispensed Linezolid product — about 96% of these Medicaid prescriptions.

linezolid 600 MG Oral Tablet Most dispensed

39,789 Medicaid prescriptions (Q1–Q4 2025) 96% of Linezolid prescriptions shown $1.6M gross reimbursement (before rebates) ≈ $41 per prescription (gross)

Summed across the 7 of 73 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 311347

300 ML linezolid 2 MG/ML Injection

1,300 Medicaid prescriptions (Q1–Q4 2025) 3% of Linezolid prescriptions shown $260,151 gross reimbursement (before rebates) ≈ $200 per prescription (gross)

Summed across the 7 of 31 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1662285

linezolid 20 MG/ML Oral Suspension

561 Medicaid prescriptions (Q1–Q4 2025) 1% of Linezolid prescriptions shown $416,631 gross reimbursement (before rebates) ≈ $743 per prescription (gross)

Summed across the 3 of 7 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 311345

Shares are of the Medicaid prescriptions shown here. Product grouping follows RxNorm (the National Library of Medicine’s drug terminology), so “one product” means one strength & dosage form regardless of manufacturer. Dollar figures are gross Medicaid reimbursement before mandatory rebates — rebates (often large, especially for brand-name drugs) are confidential, so actual net cost to Medicaid is lower than shown.

Source: Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data (CMS), aggregated by generic ingredient — summed across every NDC (all brands, strengths, salt forms and dosage forms) of Linezolid, and across all states and both fee-for-service and managed-care claims. A general popularity signal; it excludes Medicare, commercial insurance and cash prescriptions, so it is not total U.S. use. Based on the 17 of 111 listed Linezolid NDCs with Medicaid activity.

🔍 Compare Linezolid products

A representative set of FDA-listed product records for Linezolid — across manufacturers, strengths, and dosage forms, grouped by form with each product’s manufacturer and how the FDA approved it. The same medicine may be made and packaged by different companies, so a single drug can have many directory entries. (It’s also why a refill can look different — a new shape, color, or box — even though it contains the same medication.)

Showing 135 of 135 products — FDA National Drug Code Directory. See every product, package size and price: browse all 135 Linezolid NDCs →

RxNorm Concept Web — From Ingredient to Every Form and Strength

This page starts with one ingredient concept (IN). The branches below show its dose-form concepts (SCDF), then the available clinical drug and strength concepts (SCD). Combination products remain separate concepts with their own pages.

Ingredient (IN) Linezolid RxCUI 190376 3 dose forms · 5 strengths
  1. Dose form (SCDF) Oral Suspension RxCUI 375140 In current FDA listings
    Clinical drug / strength (SCD) 20 MG/ML RxCUI 311345
  2. Dose form (SCDF) Oral Tablet RxCUI 374626 In current FDA listings
    Clinical drug / strength (SCD) 400 MG RxCUI 314079 600 MG RxCUI 311347

Look up RxCUI 190376 in the RxCUI Atlas →

RxNorm is the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s normalized drug vocabulary. Its concept hierarchy can include forms that are not currently marketed; the status on each branch compares that concept with current FDA listings. RxCUIs identify vocabulary concepts, not individual packages or manufacturers.

🏷️ Sold under these brand names

Zyvox

🏭 Manufacturers & labelers

Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC 20 Sandoz Inc 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. 6 Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 6 Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. 4 Mylan Institutional LLC 4 Bryant Ranch Prepack 4 Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 4 Hp Halden Pharma AS 4 Hospira, Inc. 4 Greenstone LLC 4 Fresenius Kabi Norge As 4 Rising Pharma Holdings, Inc. 3 Piramal Critical Care Inc. 3 Piramal Critical Care Inc 3 Eugia US LLC 3 American Health Packaging 3 Ascend Laboratories, LLC 3 Zydus Lifesciences Limited 2 Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2 Remedyrepack Inc. 2 Chartwell RX, LLC 2 Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited 2 Alivus Life Sciences Limited 2

…and 16 more on the FDA NDC directory.

RxNorm drug class

Linezolid belongs to the Oxazolidinone Antibacterial class.

Pharmacologic class Oxazolidinone Antibacterial
Drug family (ATC) Other antibacterials

Classified by RxNorm RxClass — the U.S. National Library of Medicine's standardized drug-classification service (Established Pharmacologic Class from the FDA, the ATC drug family from the WHO, and mechanism of action). Reference only, not medical advice.

🔬 Where this comes from

Core label, product, RxNorm, safety, and utilization data on this page come from the sources identified below. AI-written, editorial, and licensed sections are labeled separately.

📄
FDA-filed drug labels (SPL) Uses, dosing, warnings & side effects from SPL records retrieved through openFDA; the linked representative set can be verified on DailyMed. ✓ Linked label effective Jun 23, 2026
🏭
Forms, brands & labelersAggregated from ingredient-matched FDA National Drug Code Directory product records for Linezolid.
📈
Real-world reportsThe FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), served through openFDA.
🚨
Recalls & shortagesopenFDA drug-enforcement reports and the FDA drug-shortage database.
🧾 Clinical label set — FDA-filed SPL labels retained for Linezolid after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching
Clinical labels in scope
22
NDC products indexed
135
Distinct labelers/manufacturers represented
53
Linked representative label
Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC
Linked label effective
Jun 23, 2026
Composite sections available
23
Linked SPL Set ID
6e70e63b-bfd5-478d-a8ee-8ba22c9efabd
Linked SPL Document ID
59c9a143-a1fa-4eeb-8fb1-dfe22de98d43
Open the linked representative label on DailyMed ↗

How we combine label and product data

HelloPharmacist combines public FDA and NLM records; we don’t author the underlying clinical facts. We identified 22 FDA-filed SPL label sets within the page’s selected clinical scope after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching. The representative label is the starting point for the displayed reference monograph; the 12 largest stored in-scope SPL records, which may include that representative, are compared section by section, and the longest available version of each section is retained. Forms, routes, brands, labelers, product-listed strengths, and product-record counts are aggregated separately from ingredient-matched FDA NDC Directory records; package records listed above are associated with the linked SPL; and the normalized concept hierarchy comes from NLM RxNorm.

For canonical ingredient pages, bounded product-attributed indication and administration excerpts may be added to the AI evidence, and the generator is instructed to preserve available product, brand, route, and form qualifiers instead of treating one label as universal. Where a section is identified as AI-written, its plain-language text is generated from bounded label evidence. New draft drug pages remain in the admin review queue before first publication. Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC is the representative DailyMed label linked for verification and dates; it is not the sole source used for the page.

This is general education, not medical advice — always consult your doctor or pharmacist about your medications and any medical condition. For the exact wording of the linked representative label, view that label on DailyMed; some displayed composite sections may come from other in-scope SPL labels. Learn how we use AI and our data sources & update cadence.