Drug & supplement interaction

Bitter Orange + Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine brand name: Profen LA.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine falls into 4 drug categories that Bitter Orange can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions4
EvidenceB
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Bitter Orange and Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine

These two interact in 4 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 4 Interactions?

Bitter Orange interacts with whole categories of medication. Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine falls into 4 of those categories, so it can interact with Bitter Orange in 4 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES

1 of 4

Why this applies to Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES — the group Bitter Orange interacts with.

Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Small clinical studies suggest that single or multiple doses of freshly squeezed bitter orange juice 200-240 mL can inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of drugs, causing increased drug levels and potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects. However, the extent of the effect of bitter orange on CYP3A4-mediated drug interactions is unknown. Some evidence suggests that bitter orange selectively inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, but not hepatic CYP3A4. Its effect on P-glycoprotein, which strongly overlaps with CYP3A4 interactions, is unclear. One small clinical study shows that drinking 8 ounces of freshly squeezed bitter orange juice has no effect on cyclosporine, which seems to be more dependent on hepatic CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein than intestinal CYP3A4.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the gist with Profen LA and bitter orange. Of the three ingredients, the cough suppressant dextromethorphan is the one partly broken down by a gut enzyme called CYP3A4. Bitter orange can mildly block that enzyme in your intestines, so a little more dextromethorphan may slip into your bloodstream. That could mean a bit more drowsiness, dizziness, or feeling foggy. The evidence here is fairly weak and the size of the effect isn't well known, so for most people this is more of a heads-up than a red flag.

My bigger concern is overlap: bitter orange is a stimulant, and the phenylpropanolamine in this product also raises heart rate and blood pressure. Stacking two stimulants can leave you jittery or push your blood pressure up. Please check with your pharmacist before combining them.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:14-23. PubMed
  2. Penzak SR, Acosta EP, Turner M, et al. Effect of Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:1165-70. PubMed
  3. Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG, et al. 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice: effects on cyclosporine disposition, enterocyte CYP3A4, and P-glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;65:237-44. PubMed
  4. Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2002;71:1149-60. PubMed
  5. Abdelkawy KS, Donia AM, Turner RB, Elbarbry F. Effects of Lemon and Seville Orange Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects. Drugs R D. 2016 Sep;16(3):271-278. PubMed
Moderate

STIMULANT DRUGS

2 of 4

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine also falls under STIMULANT DRUGS.

Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Bitter orange appears to have stimulant effects.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the thing to watch with this combo: your Profen LA contains phenylpropanolamine, which is a decongestant-type stimulant that already nudges up your heart rate and blood pressure. Bitter orange has synephrine, a stimulant of its own. Stack two stimulants together and the effects can add up, so you may notice a faster or pounding heartbeat, jitteriness, headache, or a rise in blood pressure.

This concern is mostly theoretical and rated moderate, so it isn't a guaranteed problem, but the worry is real enough that I'd be cautious, especially if you have high blood pressure or any heart issues. Please don't stop either product on your own. Just run it by your pharmacist or doctor first so they can check whether it's safe for you.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold JA, et al. Seville (sour) orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41:1059-63. PubMed
  2. Keogh AM, Baron DW. Sympathomimetic abuse and coronary artery spasm. Br Med J 1985;291:940.
Moderate

DEXTROMETHORPHAN (Robitussin DM, others)

3 of 4
Bitter orange might increase blood levels of dextromethorphan.
One small clinical study shows that bitter orange juice increases dextromethorphan levels, likely through cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition. Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk for dextromethorphan-related adverse effects.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the piece worth knowing about Profen LA. Bitter orange seems to slow down one of your liver's enzymes (called CYP3A4) that helps clear the dextromethorphan portion of this cough and congestion product. When that pathway is partly blocked, dextromethorphan can build up a bit more than usual. In one small study, bitter orange juice did just that.

What might that feel like? More of dextromethorphan's typical side effects, things like dizziness, drowsiness, or feeling a little foggy or off-balance. Keep in mind this product also already contains phenylpropanolamine, a stimulant, and bitter orange adds its own stimulant punch, which together can nudge up heart rate and blood pressure. The evidence here is limited, so don't panic, but please check with your pharmacist or doctor before pairing them, especially if you have heart or blood pressure concerns.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2002;71:1149-60. PubMed
Minor

CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES

4 of 4

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that octopamine, a constituent of bitter orange, weakly inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Severity Minor Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the gist with Profen LA and bitter orange. One part of this medicine, dextromethorphan (the cough suppressant), is cleared by a liver enzyme called CYP2D6. A compound in bitter orange may weakly block that enzyme in lab tests, which could in theory let dextromethorphan build up a bit, possibly causing more drowsiness, dizziness, or feeling foggy. Honestly though, this has only been seen in test tubes, never in real people, so I wouldn't lose sleep over it.

My bigger concern is that both bitter orange and the phenylpropanolamine in this product are stimulants that can raise your heart rate and blood pressure. Stacking them isn't a great idea. Please run it by your pharmacist or doctor first.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Liu Y, Santillo MF. Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 enzyme inhibition by amine stimulants in dietary supplements. Drug Test Anal. 2016;8(3-4):307-10. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Bitter Orange Also Interacts With Other Medications

Bitter Orange has 10 major, 875 moderate, 71 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Major 10 Moderate 875 Minor 71 No known interaction 1,874 (incl. Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Bitter Orange

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Bitter Orange. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine

This page covers Bitter Orange only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine page lists 197 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Ephedra (major), Grapefruit (major), Lithium (major) and Peyote (major).

By severity: 8 major · 148 moderate · 41 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine page

“Profen LA combines dextromethorphan, guaifenesin, and phenylpropanolamine, a cough and cold formula that deserves genuine care around supplements. Eight of the 197 ingredients on file carry a major rating.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Bitter Orange as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 1,000 real supplement products containing Bitter Orange, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Bitter Orange. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine too, on top of Bitter Orange — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Bitter Orange and Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Bitter Orange
Top 25%

#158 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine
Top 25%

#317 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Bitter Orange

What is Bitter Orange?

Bitter Orange
  • Weight loss
  • Athletic performance and energy
  • Digestive upset
  • Appetite control
  • Aromatherapy for stress (neroli oil)

Bitter orange is a citrus fruit whose extracts contain synephrine, a mild stimulant often added to weight-loss and energy supplements. Evidence that it works for weight loss or performance is limited, and because it can raise heart rate and blood pressure, people with heart problems, high blood pressure, or who are pregnant should avoid it. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before using it, especially if you take other stimulants.

Read the full Bitter Orange monograph & all interactions
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Bitter Orange

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Bitter Orange — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

10Major
875Moderate
71Minor
1,873No known interaction
10 Major 875 Moderate 71 Minor 1,873 No interaction
Major

10 interactions

Moderate

875 interactions

Showing 60 of 875 moderate interactions — see all 875 on the Bitter Orange page.

Minor

71 interactions

Showing 60 of 71 minor interactions — see all 71 on the Bitter Orange page.

No interaction 1,873 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Bitter Orange against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,873 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Bitter Orange list.

See the full Bitter Orange interactions page
See every supplement checked against Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Bitter Orange monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Bitter Orange and Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine Together: Common Questions

Can you take Bitter Orange with Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 4 interactions listed for Bitter Orange and Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine?
Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine belongs to more than one drug category, and Bitter Orange interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Bitter Orange and Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.