Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Bulbine Natalensis Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by SNI Elite Series

Bulbine Natalensis label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Bulbine Natalensis against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Bulbine Natalensis is a dietary supplement by SNI Elite Series with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for boosting testosterone, improving libido, muscle building and athletic performance.Based on those ingredients, 952 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bulbine natalensis, Hawthorne Berry Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 2 active ingredients: Bulbine natalensis stem and Hawthorn Berry Extract. Bulbine natalensis is a succulent plant traditionally used in South African herbalism; the stem is what's included here.

Hawthorn is a flowering shrub whose berries have been used in herbal medicine for heart and circulation support. The capsules also contain inactive ingredients — maltodextrin, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and gelatin — which serve as binders, flow agents, and the capsule shell itself.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: male strength and vitality formula.
  • We looked for evidence on: Muscle strength, Sexual arousal, Testosterone support, Athletic performance, Libido.
  • The closest evidence on file: Bulbine Natalensis is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle strength (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bulbine Natalensis is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Sexual arousal.

The evidence for what this product actually does is not established in the data we hold. Bulbine natalensis has been studied for skin conditions like itch and wound healing, and hawthorn for heart and circulation issues, but both carry only insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for any of these uses.

Neither ingredient has a solid track record in human trials. If you're considering this product for a specific health goal, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether stronger evidence exists elsewhere.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bulbine Natalensis Hawthorn

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Human safety data for Bulbine natalensis are lacking, though animal studies hint at possible liver and kidney damage at higher doses. Additionally, analysis of Bulbine natalensis root from open markets in South Africa found high levels of aluminum and iron; high aluminum intake might affect brain function and iron overload can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach damage.

Hawthorn is generally well tolerated in studies, but anyone with an existing heart condition needs medical supervision before use, since it affects blood pressure and heart rate. Serious side effects are rare but include multiorgan sensitivity reactions and breathing changes.

During pregnancy, Bulbine natalensis is rated possibly unsafe — the safety data advises against it. Hawthorn has no safety information for pregnancy, so it should be avoided.

For breastfeeding, both ingredients lack safety data and should be avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing and considering any supplement.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bulbine Natalensis Hawthorn

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Hawthorn, Bulbine Natalensis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 953 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using this product if you take nitrates or PDE-5 inhibitors (Major severity), beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, or any medication metabolized by your liver's CYP1A2, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 enzymes (Moderate severity). Bulbine natalensis also theoretically increases testosterone effects and contains compounds that mimic heart medication, both Moderate concerns.

Use the medication checker on this page to verify your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a two-ingredient supplement with significant interaction potential, especially if you take heart medications, blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, or testosterone therapy. The evidence for what it actually does is not yet established in humans.

If you take any prescription medication at all, check your exact drugs with our tool before starting. Anyone pregnant, breastfeeding, or with a heart condition should discuss this with their pharmacist or doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 23, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Bulbine Natalensis, straight from the product label.

Brand SNI Elite Series
Barcode (UPC) 852263904867
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 23, 2012
DSLD ID 6487
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
852263904867
IngredientAmount% DV
Bulbine natalensis500 mg--
Hawthorne Berry Extract100 mg--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Magnesium Stearate, Micro Crystalline Cellulose, Gelatin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USE:** Take one serving twice daily with food.

Precautions

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use if tamper-evident seal is broken.

WARNING: Consult a physician before using this product.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

** These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place 15(0)-30(0)C (59(0)-86(0)F).

Formula

MALE STRENGTH FORMULA

General Statements

RING OF CONFIDENCE

TRAIN LIKE A MACHINE

WHAT IS BULBINE NATALENSIS? Bulbine Natalensis is an herb from South Africa that has the potential to be extremely anabolic as it has been shown to increase testerone levels tremendously and decrease estrogen levels.**

WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF INCREASED TESTOSTERONE? Increased testosterone in males may increase muscle size and definition. It may also decrease body fat. Increased testosterone may also increase energy levels and overall sexual function.**

Seals/Symbols

Made in the USA

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Bulbine Natalensis label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Bulbine natalensis

Interacts with
919 drugs
500 mg per serving

Bulbine natalensis is a South African plant marketed mainly as a testosterone-boosting and libido supplement, but the human evidence is essentially ab...

Bulbine natalensis monograph & interactions

Hawthorne Berry Extract

Interacts with
191 drugs
100 mg per serving

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when...

Hawthorne Berry Extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Magnesium Stearate, Micro Crystalline Cellulose, Gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Bulbine Natalensis?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
952Drugs
14 Major 938 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bulbine natalensis 919
Hawthorne Berry Extract 191

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Bulbine Natalensis interact with 952 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Bulbine Natalensis interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bulbine natalensis Hawthorne Berry Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Bulbine Natalensis with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bulbine natalensis7 drug types · 919 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis ground leaf extract inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract slightly induces CYP1A2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP2C9 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP3A4 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates, but this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the risk of adverse effects and toxicity when taken with digoxin.
Bulbine natalensis stem may contain cardiac glycosides, although it is unclear if these chemicals are present in clinically relevant concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the levels and clinical effects of p-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces p-glycoprotein mRNA expression; however, effects on transporter expression were not evaluated.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, using Bulbine natalensis stem with testosterone replacement therapy might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Animal research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem can increase testosterone levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bulbine natalensis full monograph & interactions

Hawthorne Berry Extract6 drug types · 191 drugs

Nitrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hawthorne Berry Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Bulbine Natalensis, from the product label.

SNI Elite Series

See all SNI Elite Series products
Phone Number
1(888) 663-1113
Web Address
www.sniglobal.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series: Common Questions

Does Bulbine Natalensis by SNI Elite Series interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Bulbine Natalensis has a known interaction with 952 medications, including 14 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Bulbine Natalensis contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is Bulbine natalensis, and what is it supposed to do?
Bulbine natalensis is a succulent plant from South Africa. It's been studied for skin conditions like itching and wound healing, but we don't have enough reliable human evidence to say whether it actually works for any of these uses.
What does Hawthorn Berry Extract do?
Hawthorn berries have a long history in herbal medicine for heart and circulation support. The evidence for specific conditions like angina or heart disease is insufficient to rate — we can't say it works based on the data we hold.
Can I take this product if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Bulbine natalensis is rated possibly unsafe during pregnancy, and hawthorn has no safety data for pregnancy, so both should be avoided. For breastfeeding, neither ingredient has safety information available, so avoid use. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for guidance if you're pregnant or nursing.
What are the side effects?
Hawthorn is generally well tolerated, though rare serious reactions and breathing changes have been reported. Bulbine natalensis lacks human safety data, but animal studies suggest possible liver and kidney issues at higher doses. The plant may also contain high levels of aluminum and iron, which could cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Will this product make my blood thinner medications work less well?
Both Bulbine natalensis and hawthorn may increase bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin, which is the opposite of making them weaker — it's a safety concern. Check with your pharmacist before using this product if you take any blood-thinning medication.
Why does this interact with so many medications?
Bulbine natalensis appears to speed up how your liver breaks down many common drugs, which is why it affects hundreds of medications that depend on liver enzymes to work. Hawthorn lowers blood pressure and affects heart function, so it can add to or interfere with heart and blood pressure drugs. Your body's drug-processing systems are central to how medications work, so changes to them can ripple across many drugs.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Bulbine Natalensis label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Bulbine Natalensis’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bulbine Natalensis

Interacts with 919 drugs

Bulbine natalensis is a South African plant marketed mainly as a testosterone-boosting and libido supplement, but the human evidence is essentially absent and most claims come from animal st...

Read the full Bulbine Natalensis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hawthorn

Interacts with 191 drugs

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...

Read the full Hawthorn monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Bulbine Natalensis's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 33 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bulbine Natalensis 8 references
  1. Afolayan AJ, Yakubu MT. Effect of Bulbine natalensis Baker Stem Extract on the Functional Indices and Histology of the Liver and Kidney of Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food. 2009;12(4):814-820.
  2. Mosa RA, Lazarus GG, Gwala PE, Oyedeji AO, Opoku AR. In Vitro Anti-platelet Aggregation, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts of Some Zulu Medicinal Plants. J Nat Prod. 2011;4(2011):136-146.
  3. Okem A, Southway C, Stirk WA, et al. Heavy metal contamination in South African medicinal plants: A cause for concern. South African J Bot. 2014;93(2014):125-130. DOI
  4. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Reproductive toxicologic evaluations of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem extract in albino rats. Theriogenology. 2009;72(3):322-32. PubMed
  5. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Effect of aqueous extract of Bulbine natalensis (Baker) stem on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Int J Androl. 2009;32(6):629-36.
  6. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Anabolic and androgenic activities of Bulbine natalensis stem in male Wistar rats. Pharm Biol. 2010;48(5):568-76.
  7. Husain I, Manda V, Alhusban M, et al. Modulation of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activity by Bulbine natalensis and its constituents: An assessment of HDI risk of B. natalensis containing supplements. Phytomedicine 2021;81:153416. PubMed
  8. Husain I, Dale OR, Manda V, et al. Bulbine natalensis (currently Bulbine latifolia) and select bulbine knipholones modulate the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp. Planta Med 2022;88(12):975-984. PubMed

See these in context on the Bulbine Natalensis monograph →

Hawthorn 25 references
  1. Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
  3. Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
  4. Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
  5. Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
  6. Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
  7. Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
  8. Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
  9. Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
  10. Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
  11. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
  12. Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. PubMed
  13. Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. DOI
  14. Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
  15. Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. PubMed
  16. Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
  17. Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
  18. Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
  19. Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
  20. Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
  21. Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
  22. Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
  23. Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
  24. Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
  25. Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed

See these in context on the Hawthorn monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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