Levare Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Levare against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Levare is a dietary supplement by Ultimaxx Health with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, low mood or mild depression, sleep trouble (insomnia).Based on those ingredients, 1,643 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Berberine HCl, Turmeric root extract, Yerba Mate leaf extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Levare by Ultimaxx Health
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Levare by Ultimaxx Health — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Levare by Ultimaxx Health
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Levare contains 12 ingredients, of which several have known active effects. The product includes a proprietary blend along with individual extracts: berberine HCl, which may help with cholesterol, blood sugar, and PCOS; wild lettuce leaf extract, which has sedative properties; turmeric root extract, studied for inflammation and cholesterol; devil's claw root extract, used for joint and back pain; Boswellia serrata extract, also for joint health; and yerba mate leaf extract, a source of caffeine.
The product also contains naringin, mimosa pudica extract, white willow bark extract, 6-7 dihydroxybergamottin, Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract, and Chiococca alba. Inactive ingredients include a veggie capsule, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, and magnesium vegetable stearate.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Berberine is possibly effective for high cholesterol, blood sugar control, PCOS, H. pylori infection, and high blood pressure. Turmeric is possibly effective for depression, high cholesterol, allergies, and indigestion.
Devil's claw is possibly effective for back pain and osteoarthritis. Boswellia serrata is possibly effective for osteoarthritis.
Wild lettuce, yerba mate, and the other ingredients in this product don't have established effectiveness ratings in our data — the evidence isn't strong enough yet to say whether they work for their intended uses.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Berberine is generally well tolerated short-term but commonly causes digestive upset — abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. It may also cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and headache.
The safety data advises against berberine during pregnancy and while breastfeeding because it crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk, with links to newborn harm. Turmeric is generally well tolerated as food but concentrated supplements may cause digestive side effects (constipation, indigestion, diarrhea, reflux, nausea, vomiting) and rare liver damage; food amounts are likely safe, but supplement doses need doctor approval.
Turmeric is likely safe in pregnancy but likely unsafe while breastfeeding. Wild lettuce has limited safety data; large amounts can cause sweating, rapid breathing, dizziness, ringing in ears, and drowsiness, and it should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Devil's claw is generally well tolerated short-term but causes digestive upset and should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Boswellia serrata is generally well tolerated and likely safe in pregnancy but data is lacking for breastfeeding.
Yerba mate contains caffeine; high intake may not be safe in pregnancy and caffeine passes into breast milk.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Levare, check with your pharmacist if you take cyclosporine (Major interaction with berberine), ephedrine (Major interaction with yerba mate caffeine), or any medications that your liver breaks down using CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19 enzymes — berberine, turmeric, devil's claw, and Boswellia all inhibit these pathways. Also double-check if you use CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, pain relievers), antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, seizure drugs (valproate, felbamate), disulfiram, dipyridamole, clozapine, fluvoxamine, quinolone antibiotics, tacrolimus, tamoxifen, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, tramadol, or warfarin — multiple ingredients in this product interact with these drug types.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take any prescription medications, especially cyclosporine, seizure drugs, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, blood pressure medications, or drugs metabolized by liver enzymes, check with your pharmacist before starting Levare. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid this product — berberine and wild lettuce are contraindicated.
This supplement is meant for short-term use and carries a real risk of digestive upset. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about whether it's right for you and how it fits with your other medications.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Levare, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Ultimaxx Health |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 602573781401 |
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 23, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 235723 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Levare by Ultimaxx Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Naringin | 0 NP | -- |
| Levare Proprietary Blend | 893 mg | -- |
| Mimosa pudica extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Berberine HCl | 0 NP | -- |
| Wild lettuce leaf extract | 0 NP | -- |
| White Willow bark extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Turmeric root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Devil's Claw root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Boswellia serrata extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Yerba Mate leaf extract | 0 NP | -- |
| 6-7 Dihydroxybergamottin | 0 NP | -- |
| Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Chiococca alba | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Veggie Capsule, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Vegetable Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: Adults, Take two (2) to four (4) capsules daily as a dietary supplement.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Precautions
If pregnant or breast feeding, do not use.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not use if seal is broken or missing. Consult with your physician before starting Levare as a dietary supplement program.
Do not take this product along with other Ibuprofen, Aspirin or Tylenol.
Do not take this product if you have an allergy to aspirin.
Children and teenagers should not use this product for Chicken Pox or Flu-like symptoms.
Storage
Store in a dry cool place (68 degrees to 77 degrees F) Relative humidity less than or equal to 65%.
Seals/Symbols
Proudly Made in the USA
Formulation
Professional strength
FDA Statement of Identity
Revolutionary All Natural Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Levare by Ultimaxx Health label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Levare by Ultimaxx Health
These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Levare Proprietary Blend
- › Naringin
- › Mimosa pudica extract
- › Berberine HCl
- › Wild lettuce leaf extract
- › White Willow bark extract
- › Turmeric root extract
- › Devil's Claw root extract
- › Boswellia serrata extract
- › Yerba Mate leaf extract
- › 6-7 Dihydroxybergamottin
- › Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract
- › Chiococca alba
Other (inactive) ingredients: Veggie Capsule, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Vegetable Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Levare by Ultimaxx Health Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Levare by Ultimaxx Health contains multiple ingredients with documented interactions across a wide range of medications.
The most serious concern is berberine, which carries a Major-severity interaction with cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) — berberine can increase serum levels of this immunosuppressant by inhibiting how your liver breaks it down, risking toxicity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Berberine also has Moderate interactions with CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, pain relievers), antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), and several liver enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates) that metabolize many common medications — meaning berberine could raise levels of those drugs. It may also increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners, aspirin) and raise the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if you take diabetes medications.
Yerba mate, which contains caffeine, has a Major interaction with ephedrine and Moderate interactions with seizure medications (valproate, felbamate), disulfiram (Antabuse), dipyridamole (Persantine), clozapine (Clozaril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), and quinolone antibiotics — caffeine can interfere with how these drugs work or raise their levels. Turmeric, devil's claw, and Boswellia serrata each interact with CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 substrates (a broad group of medications metabolized by liver enzymes), plus turmeric affects tacrolimus, tamoxifen, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and tramadol; devil's claw may interact with warfarin (Coumadin); and Boswellia may affect immunosuppressants.
Wild lettuce has Moderate interactions with CNS depressants and anticholinergic drugs.
We could not check naringin, mimosa pudica extract, white willow bark extract, 6-7 dihydroxybergamottin, Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract, or Chiococca alba for interactions. Altogether, these interactions span 1,620 individual medications.
Use the medication checker on this page to look up your exact prescriptions before taking this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Levare?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Levare interact with 1,643 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
7 of the 12 ingredients in Levare interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Berberine HCl Turmeric root extract Yerba Mate leaf extract Boswellia serrata extract Devil's Claw root extract Wild lettuce leaf extract Mimosa pudica extract
Aminophylline, Amobarbital, EphedrineAmesec
How Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine TannateQuadratuss, Ry Tuss, Rynatuss, Tri Tannate Plus
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interacts with Levare — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Studies report varying evidence on whether or not wild lettuce contains hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic drug.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionCyclosporineCequa, Ciclosporine, Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune, Verkazia +1 more
How Cyclosporine interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Berberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cyclosporine (neoral, Sandimmune) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Cyclosporine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, P-glycoprotein Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Cyclosporine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Cyclosporine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractImmunosuppressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Cyclosporine interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Cyclosporine interactionDyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, PhenobarbitalLufyllin-EPG
How Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Phenobarbital (luminal) +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug)Ephedrine Formula 400, Ephedrine Plus Tabs
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interacts with Levare — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineMudrane GG
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Levare — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Hydroxyzine, TheophyllineAmi Rax, Marax
How Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Studies report varying evidence on whether or not wild lettuce contains hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic drug.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, TheophyllineMudrane, Quadrinal
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineTedral
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractPhenobarbital (luminal), Ephedrine +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Levare — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Devil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Levare — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Levare — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Levare — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Abciximab interactionTurmeric Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abciximab interactionBerberine HclAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Berberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Abemaciclib interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Abemaciclib interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Abiraterone interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Abiraterone interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Abiraterone Acetate interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Abrocitinib interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Immunosuppressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Abrocitinib interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Abrocitinib interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Devil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acalabrutinib interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Levare — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Berberine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acarbose interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acarbose interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking yerba mate with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Levare — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Berberine HclAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acebutolol interactionTurmeric Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Levare — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionTurmeric Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionBerberine HclAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Levare — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Mimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Acepromazine interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Studies report varying evidence on whether or not wild lettuce contains hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic drug.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Acepromazine interactionBerberine HclCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Levare — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Levare — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBerberine HclAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yerba Mate Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBerberine HclAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Levare — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Phenylpropanolamine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Levare — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Levare — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Boswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionTurmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Levare — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Turmeric Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBerberine HclCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine Hcl + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMimosa Pudica ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
Read the full Mimosa Pudica Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBoswellia Serrata ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWild Lettuce Leaf ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Read the full Wild Lettuce Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDevil's Claw Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionYerba Mate Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Yerba Mate Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Levare with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Berberine HCl
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Berberine can increase serum levels of cyclosporine.
Berberine can reduce metabolism and increase serum levels of cyclosporine. Berberine might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporine.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and in vivo research suggest that berberine can inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, berberine might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and increase the risk of bleeding.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, berberine may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that berberine may lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, berberine might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, berberine might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that berberine can have hypotensive effects. Also, a clinical study suggests that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, berberine might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that berberine may have sedative effects. Theoretically, use of berberine along with CNS depressants might produce additive therapeutic and adverse effects.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit CYP2C9. Theoretically, taking berberine with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 might increase drug levels and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence show that berberine can inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, use of berberine with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 might increase drug levels and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical research show that berberine moderately inhibits CYP3A4. Theoretically, use of berberine with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 might increase drug levels and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Theoretically, berberine may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity and reduce the metabolism of dextromethorphan. This may increase the effects and side effects of dextromethorphan.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Berberine might reduce the therapeutic effects of losartan by decreasing its conversion to its active form.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity and reduce metabolism of losartan.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, berberine might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
In vitro and animal studies show that berberine can increase the systemic exposure and half-life of metformin, potentially increasing metformin's effects and side effects. This interaction seems to be most apparent when berberine is administered 2 hours prior to metformin. Taking berberine and metformin at the same time does not appear to increase systemic exposure to metformin.
Midazolam (Versed)
Berberine can reduce metabolism of midazolam, which might increase the risk of severe adverse effects.
Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity and reduce metabolism of midazolam.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Berberine might increase the sedative effect of pentobarbital.
Evidence from animal research shows that berberine can prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Theoretically, combining berberine and pentobarbital might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Berberine has been associated with increased blood levels of tacrolimus.
In a 16-year-old patient with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who was being treated with tacrolimus 6.5 mg twice daily, intake of berberine 200 mg three times daily increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus from 8 to 22 ng/mL. Following a reduction of the tacrolimus dose to 3 mg daily, blood levels of tacrolimus decreased to 12 ng/mL.
Acetazolamide
Laboratory studies and initial clinical findings suggest that berberine has the potential to increase acetazolamide concentrations in the body. More research is needed to confirm this interaction.
Turmeric root extract
Alkylating Agents
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits mechlorethamine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 70%. Also, animal research shows that curcumin inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced tumor regression. However, some in vitro research shows that curcumin does not affect the apoptosis capacity of etoposide. Also, other laboratory research suggests that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the specific chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have on alkylating agents.
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Taking turmeric with amlodipine may increase levels of amlodipine.
Animal research shows that giving amlodipine 1 mg/kg as a single dose following the use of turmeric extract 200 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by 53% and 56%, respectively, when compared with amlodipine alone. Additional animal research shows that taking amlodipine 1 mg/kg with a curcumin 2 mg/kg pretreatment for 10 days increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by about 2-fold when compared with amlodipine alone.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro. Furthermore, two case reports have found that taking turmeric along with warfarin or fluindione was associated with an increased international normalized ratio (INR). However, one clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking curcumin 500 mg daily for 3 weeks, alone or with aspirin 100 mg, does not increase antiplatelet effects or bleeding risk. It is possible that the dose of turmeric used in this study was too low to produce a notable effect.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking turmeric with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research and case reports suggest that curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can reduce blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, clinical research in adults with type 2 diabetes shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared with glyburide alone, despite the lack of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction. Other clinical studies in patients with diabetes show that taking curcumin daily can reduce blood glucose levels when compared with placebo.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro and animal research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 65%. However, curcumin does not seem to affect the apoptosis capacity of daunorubicin. In fact, some research shows that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of antitumor antibiotics, increasing their effectiveness. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as turmeric have on antitumor antibiotics.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituents curcumin and curcuminoids inhibit CYP3A4. Also, 8 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking turmeric and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates, including everolimus, ruxolitinib, ibrutinib, and palbociclib, and bortezomib. In another case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels after consuming turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily for ten days prior. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to CYP3A4 inhibition.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that turmeric induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. An animal model suggests that induction of CYP3A4 occurs after daily curcumin use for 1 week. However, the induction of CYP3A4 by turmeric has not been reported in humans.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is concern that turmeric might cause hepatotoxicity, especially when highly bioavailable formulations are used in high doses.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, turmeric might have additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs such as methotrexate.
In one case report, a 39-year-old female taking methotrexate, turmeric, and linseed oil developed hepatotoxicity.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase blood levels of OATP4C1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the turmeric constituent curcumin competitively inhibits OATP4C1 transport. This transporter is expressed in the kidney and facilitates the renal excretion of certain drugs. Theoretically, taking turmeric might decrease renal excretion of OATP substrates.
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Clinical research shows that taking the turmeric constituent, curcumin, can increase blood levels of sulfasalazine by 3.2-fold.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of tacrolimus.
In one case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels of 29 ng/mL. The patient previously had tacrolimus levels within the therapeutic range at 9.7 ng/mL. Ten days prior to presenting at the emergency room the patient started consumption of turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition. In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituent curcumin inhibit CYP3A4.
Talinolol
Turmeric may reduce the absorption of talinolol in some situations.
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin for 6 days decreases the bioavailability of talinolol when taken together on the seventh day. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, turmeric might reduce the levels and clinical effects of tamoxifen.
In a small clinical trial in patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen 20-30 mg daily, adding curcumin 1200 mg plus piperine 10 mg three times daily reduces the 24-hour area under the curve of tamoxifen and the active metabolite endoxifen by 12.8% and 12.4%, respectively, as well as the maximum concentrations of tamoxifen, when compared with tamoxifen alone. However, in the absence of piperine, the area under the curve for endoxifen and the maximum concentration of tamoxifen were not significantly reduced. Effects were most pronounced in patients who were extensive cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 metabolizers.
Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. There is some concern that this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits camptothecin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 71%. However, other in vitro research shows that curcumin augments the cytotoxic effects of camptothecin. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agents. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have.
Tramadol (Ultram)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase or decrease levels of tramadol.
Animal research suggests that a single dose of curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, may increase tramadol's maximum concentration (Cmax) by inhibiting metabolism, while continued daily use for 7 days may reduce the area under the curve (AUC) due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Turmeric might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
One case of increased international normalized ratio (INR) has been reported for a patient taking warfarin who began taking turmeric. Prior to taking turmeric, the patient had stable INR measurements. Within a few weeks of starting turmeric supplementation, the patient's INR increased to 10. Additionally, curcumin, the active constituent in turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro, which may produce additive effects when taken with warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro and animal research show that the turmeric constituent, curcumin, inhibits CYP1A2. However, other in vitro research suggests that curcumin does not significantly affect CYP1A2.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase blood levels of oral docetaxel.
Animal research suggests that the turmeric constituent, curcumin, enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel. However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
Estrogens
Theoretically, large amounts of turmeric might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, displaces the binding of estrogen to its receptors.
Glyburide (Diabeta, Others)
Theoretically, taking turmeric and glyburide in combination might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg increases blood levels of glyburide by 12% at 2 hours after the dose in patients with type 2 diabetes. While maximal blood concentrations of glyburide were not affected, turmeric modestly decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared to glyburide alone, possibly due to the hypoglycemic effect of turmeric demonstrated in animal research.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects of losartan.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that taking turmeric can increase the hypotensive effects of losartan.
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of norfloxacin.
Animal research shows that taking curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can increase blood levels of orally administered norfloxacin.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that curcuminoids and other constituents found in turmeric can inhibit P-glycoprotein expression and activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, turmeric might alter blood levels of paclitaxel, although any effect may not be clinically relevant.
Clinical research in adults with breast cancer receiving intravenous paclitaxel suggests that taking turmeric may modestly alter paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Patients received paclitaxel on day 1, followed by either no treatment or turmeric 2 grams daily from days 2-22. Pharmacokinetic modeling suggests that turmeric reduces the maximum concentration and area under the curve of paclitaxel by 12.1% and 7.7%, respectively. However, these changes are not likely to be considered clinically relevant. Conversely, animal research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, enhances the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
Yerba Mate leaf extract
Ephedrine
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Use of ephedrine with caffeine can increase the risk of stimulatory adverse effects. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Some evidence shows that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine and can reduce the vasodilatory effects of adenosine in humans. However, other research shows that caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents; however, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the efficacy of benzodiazepines.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can antagonize the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists, especially if taken in large amounts.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine two-fold in healthy individuals.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine contained in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Cimetidine decreases caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine might increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg per day inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Although researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients more sensitive to an interaction between clozapine and caffeine.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine inhibits dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used concomitantly with other diuretics.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Lithium
Theoretically, abrupt withdrawal of the caffeine in yerba mate might increase serum lithium levels.
Yerba mate contains caffeine, which has diuretic activity. When abruptly discontinued, it might alter the clearance of lithium. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, use of yerba mate with midazolam might increase midazolam metabolite levels and adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that yerba mate extract containing 6.75% chlorogenic acid significantly inhibits the metabolism of midazolam via inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of a hypertensive crisis when used concomitantly with MAOIs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.
Nicotine
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of hypertension when used concomitantly with nicotine.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
The caffeine in yerba mate might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Phenylpropanolamine
Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension as well as the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Boswellia serrata extract
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.
Devil's Claw root extract
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that devil's claw might inhibit CYP2C19, although this has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that devil's claw might inhibit CYP2C9, although this has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that devil's claw might inhibit CYP3A4, although this has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, Devil's claw might increase the activity of warfarin.
In one case report, purpura occurred in a patient taking warfarin and devil's claw concurrently. This might indicate over-anticoagulation. It is unclear if this was due to Devil's claw or other contributing factors.
H2-Blockers
Theoretically, devil's claw might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers.
Devil's claw has been reported to increase stomach acid, which might interfere with the effects of H2-blockers.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that devil's claw inhibits P-glycoprotein, which transports many drugs out of cells. This might increase intracellular levels of P-glycoprotein substrates, although it is unclear if this effect would be clinically important.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)
Theoretically, devil's claw might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs.
Devil's claw has been reported to increase stomach acid, which might interfere with the effects of PPIs.
Wild lettuce leaf extract
Anticholinergic Drugs
Studies report varying evidence on whether or not wild lettuce contains hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic drug. If it does, it appears to be in very low amounts. Nevertheless, there have been case reports of individuals consuming large amounts of wild lettuce experiencing anticholinergic-related side effects, such as constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, and sweating. Therefore, if you are already taking a drug with anticholinergic effects, you should be cautious about combining it with wild lettuce as the risk of side effects may be increased.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative effects might cause additive therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
Mimosa pudica extract
Cns Depressants
Animal research suggests that certain constituents from Albizia julibrissin flowers can potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. Theoretically, Albizia julibrissin might enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Some CNS depressants include pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), secobarbital (Seconal), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), zolpidem (Ambien), and others.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Levare, from the product label.
Ultimaxx Health
See all Ultimaxx Health products- Name
- Ultimaxx Inc.
- Street Address
- 3651 FAU Blvd., Suite 400
- City
- Boca Raton
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33431
- Web Address
- www.levarerelief.com
Levare by Ultimaxx Health: Common Questions
Does Levare by Ultimaxx Health interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
What will this do for me?
What are the most common side effects?
Why does this product interact with so many medications?
Is this safe to use long-term?
Does this contain fillers or other inactive ingredients?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Levare is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Levare’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Albizia Julibrissin
Interacts with 248 drugsAlbizia julibrissin (Persian silk tree, He Huan) is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly the flower and bark, for calming the mind, lifting mood, and easing sleep problems. H...
Read the full Albizia Julibrissin monograph → Herb & supplement monographBerberine
Interacts with 1,160 drugsBerberine is a yellow plant compound that has shown promise for lowering blood sugar and cholesterol in some studies, but the quality of research varies and it is not a replacement for presc...
Read the full Berberine monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Lettuce
Interacts with 393 drugsWild lettuce is a traditional herb used mainly for sleep, anxiety, and pain, but solid human research supporting these uses is very limited. Because its safety is not well studied, it should...
Read the full Wild Lettuce monograph → Herb & supplement monographTurmeric
Interacts with 1,133 drugsTurmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising, but quality is mixed and curcumin is po...
Read the full Turmeric monograph → Herb & supplement monographDevil's Claw
Interacts with 804 drugsDevil's claw is a southern African plant used mainly for arthritis and back pain, and some studies suggest it may help ease these types of discomfort. The evidence is moderate at best, and p...
Read the full Devil's Claw monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 952 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph → Herb & supplement monographYerba Mate
Interacts with 1,086 drugsYerba mate is a caffeine-containing herbal beverage from South America that is widely enjoyed for its stimulating, coffee-like effects. While it is rich in antioxidants and is being studied...
Read the full Yerba Mate monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Levare's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 306 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Albizia Julibrissin 1 reference
- Kang, T. H., Jeong, S. J., Kim, N. Y., Higuchi, R., and Kim, Y. C. Sedative activity of two flavonol glycosides isolated from the flowers of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;71(1-2):321-323. PubMed
Berberine 41 references
- Chan E. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by berberine. Biol Neonate 1993;63:201-8. PubMed
- Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Studies on preventive and curative effects of berberine on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2000;71:25-33.. PubMed
- Wu X, Li Q, Xin H, Yu A, Zhong M. Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:567-72. PubMed
- Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2559-65. PubMed
- Huang XS, Yang GF, Pan YC. Effect of berberin hydrochloride on blood concentration of cyclosporine A in cardiac transplanted patients. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2008;28:702-4.
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Chatterjee P, Franklin MR. Human cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic-intermediate complex formation by goldenseal extract and its methylenedioxyphenyl components. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1391-7. PubMed
- Marin-Neto, J. A., Maciel, B. C., Secches, A. L., and Gallo, Junior L. Cardiovascular effects of berberine in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Clin.Cardiol. 1988;11(4):253-260. PubMed
- Choudhry, V. P., Sabir, M., and Bhide, V. N. Berberine in giardiasis. Indian Pediatr. 1972;9(3):143-146.
- Shanbhag, S. M., Kulkarni, H. J., and Gaitonde, B. B. Pharmacological actions of berberine on the central nervous system. Jpn.J Pharmacol 1970;20(4):482-487. PubMed
- Wu, J. F. and Liu, T. P. [Effects of berberine on platelet aggregation and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 1995;30(2):98-102.
- Peng, W. H., Hsieh, M. T., and Wu, C. R. Effect of long-term administration of berberine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74(3):261-266. DOI
- Sharda DC. Berberine in the treatment of diarrhoea of infancy and childhood. J Indian M A 1970;54(1):22-24.
- Sabir M and Bhide NK. Study of some pharmacological actions of berberine. Ind J Physiol & Pharmac 1971;15(3):111-132.
- Tripathi YB and Shukla SD. Berberis artistata inhibits PAF induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:628-630.
- Seery TM and Bieter RN. A contribution to the pharmacology of berberine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1940;69:64-67. DOI
- Xin, H. W., Wu, X. C., Li, Q., Yu, A. R., Zhong, M. Y., and Liu, Y. Y. The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. Methods Find.Exp.Clin Pharmacol 2006;28(1):25-29.
- Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., Huo, L., Wang, M., Hong, J., Wu, P., Ren, G., and Ning, G. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2008;93(7):2559-2565. PubMed
- Yin, J., Xing, H., and Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008;57(5):712-717. PubMed
- Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., Wu, J. D., Zhao, W., Wang, Z. Z., Wang, S. K., Zhou, Z. X., Song, D. Q., Wang, Y. M., Pan, H. N., Kong, W. J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin re
- Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, Z. R., Klaassen, C. D., and Zhou, H. H. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68(2):213-217. PubMed
- Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, Y. A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndro
- Marazzi, G., Cacciotti, L., Pelliccia, F., Iaia, L., Volterrani, M., Caminiti, G., Sposato, B., Massaro, R., Grieco, F., and Rosano, G. Long-term effects of nutraceuticals (berberine, red yeast rice, policosanol) in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients. PubMed
- Meng, S., Wang, L. S., Huang, Z. Q., Zhou, Q., Sun, Y. G., Cao, J. T., Li, Y. G., and Wang, C. Q. Berberine ameliorates inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Exp.Pharmacol Physiol 2012;39 PubMed
- Hermann, R. and von, Richter O. Clinical evidence of herbal drugs as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Planta Med 2012;78(13):1458-1477. PubMed
- Chun YT, Yip TT, Lau KL, and et al. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Gen Pharmac 1979;10:177-182. PubMed
- Saksena HC, Tomar VN, and Soangra MR. Efficacy of a new salt of Berberine Uni-Berberine in oriental sore. Current Medical Practice 1970;14:247-252.
- Abascal K, Yarnell E. Recent clinical advances with berberine. Altern Complement Ther 2010;16(5):281-7. DOI
- Dong H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Lu F. The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Planta Med 2013;79(6):437-46. PubMed
- Hou Q, Han W, Fu X. Pharmacokinetic interaction between tacrolimus and berberine in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(10):1861-2. PubMed
- Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;161:69-81. PubMed
- Li G, Zhao M, Qiu F, Sun Y, Zhao L. Pharmacokinetic interactions and tolerability of berberine chloride with simvastatin and fenofibrate: an open-label, randomized, parallel study in healthy Chinese subjects. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;13:129-139. PubMed
- Ju J, Li J, Lin Q, Xu H. Efficacy and safety of berberine for dyslipidaemias: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytomedicine. 2018;50:25-34. PubMed
- Xu L, Zhang Y, Xue X, et al. A phase I trial of berberine in Chinese with ulcerative colitis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2020;13(1):117-26. PubMed
- Lyu Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between metformin and berberine in rats: Role of oral administration sequences and microbiota. Life Sci. 2019;235:116818. PubMed
- Chen YX, Gao QY, Zou TH, et al. Berberine versus placebo for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenoma: a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(3):267-75. PubMed
- Zhang J, Wang Y, Jiang H, et al. Preventive effect of berberine on postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2022;15(10):e011160. PubMed
- Blais JE, Huang X, Zhao JV. Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Drugs 2023;83(5):403-427. PubMed
- Panigrahi A, Mohanty S. Efficacy and safety of HIMABERB® Berberine on glycemic control in patients with prediabetes: double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized pilot trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2023;23(1):190. PubMed
- Nie Q, Li M, Huang C, et al. The clinical efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Transl Med 2024;22(1):225. PubMed
- Koperska A, Moszak M, Seraszek-Jaros A, Bogdanski P, Szulinska M. Does berberine impact anthropometric, hepatic, and metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease? Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled tr
Wild Lettuce 5 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Besharat S, Besharat M, Jabbari A. Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) toxicity. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr06.2008.0134.
- Mullins ME, Horowitz BZ. The case of the salad shooters: intravenous injection of wild lettuce extract. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1998;40(5):290-1.
Turmeric 102 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Sharma RA, McLelland HR, Hill KA, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1894-900..
- Shah BH, Nawaz Z, Pertani SA. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 1 PubMed
- Hata M, Sasaki E, Ota M, et al . Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:107-8. PubMed
- Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD. Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori 1987;73:29-31.. PubMed
- Thapliyal R, Deshpande SS, Maru GB. Mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated protective effects against benzo(a)pyrene-derived DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2002;175:79-88. PubMed
- Lee SW, Nah SS, Byon JS, et al. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with curcumin intake. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:e50-2. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:891-7.
- Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:354-64. PubMed
- Junyaprasert, V. B., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thongpraditchote, S., Murakami, T., and Takano, M. Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Phytother.Res 2006;20(1):79-81. PubMed
- Ampasavate, C., Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Piyapolrungroj, N. Effects of Curcuma spp. on P-glycoprotein function. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):506-512. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, K., Tougou, K., Qiu, F., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways. Int.J Pharm 6-24-2008;358(1-2):224-2 PubMed
- Choi, B. H., Kim, C. G., Lim, Y., Shin, S. Y., and Lee, Y. H. Curcumin down-regulates the multidrug-resistance mdr1b gene by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF kappa B pathway. Cancer Lett. 1-18-2008;259(1):111-118.
- Zhang, W., Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(1):110-115. PubMed
- Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C., and Ambudkar, S. V. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocu
- Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-1154 PubMed
- Tang, X. Q., Bi, H., Feng, J. Q., and Cao, J. G. Effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(8):1009-1016. PubMed
- Nabekura, T., Kamiyama, S., and Kitagawa, S. Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 2-18-2005;327(3):866-870. PubMed
- Romiti, N., Tongiani, R., Cervelli, F., and Chieli, E. Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-2358. PubMed
- Yue, G. G., Cheng, S. W., Yu, H., Xu, Z. S., Lee, J. K., Hon, P. M., Lee, M. Y., Kennelly, E. J., Deng, G., Yeung, S. K., Cassileth, B. R., Fung, K. P., Leung, P. C., and Lau, C. B. The role of turmerones on curcumin transportation and P-glycoprotein acti
- Shenouda, N. S., Zhou, C., Browning, J. D., Ansell, P. J., Sakla, M. S., Lubahn, D. B., and MacDonald, R. S. Phytoestrogens in common herbs regulate prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Nutr.Cancer 2004;49(2):200-208. PubMed
- Appiah-Opong, R., Commandeur, J. N., Vugt-Lussenburg, B., and Vermeulen, N. P. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products. Toxicology 6-3-2007;235(1-2):83-91. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Kinoshita, N., Qiu, F., Tanaka, K., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Possible inhibitory mechanism of Curcuma drugs on CYP3A4 in 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated Caco-2 cells. Int.J Pharm 6-7-2007;337(1-2):169-177.
- Valentine, S. P., Le Nedelec, M. J., Menzies, A. R., Scandlyn, M. J., Goodin, M. G., and Rosengren, R. J. Curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female Swiss Webster mouse. Life Sci. 4-11-2006;78(20):2391-2398. PubMed
- Price, R. J., Scott, M. P., Giddings, A. M., Walters, D. G., Stierum, R. H., Meredith, C., and Lake, B. G. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2 PubMed
- Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., and Amiji, M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-4641. PubMed
- Lamb, S. R. and Wilkinson, S. M. Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(4):227. PubMed
- Joshi, J., Ghaisas, S., Vaidya, A., Vaidya, R., Kamat, D. V., Bhagwat, A. N., and Bhide, S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc.Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
- Mahesh, T., Balasubashini, M. S., and Menon, V. P. Effect of photo-irradiated curcumin treatment against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med.Food 2005;8(2):251-255. PubMed
- Thompson, D. A. and Tan, B. B. Tetrahydracurcumin-related allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(4):254-255. PubMed
- Patumraj, S., Wongeakin, N., Sridulyakul, P., Jariyapongskul, A., Futrakul, N., and Bunnag, S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;3
- Liddle, M., Hull, C., Liu, C., and Powell, D. Contact urticaria from curcumin. Dermatitis 2006;17(4):196-197. PubMed
- Juan, H., Terhaag, B., Cong, Z., Bi-Kui, Z., Rong-Hua, Z., Feng, W., Fen-Li, S., Juan, S., Jing, T., and Wen-Xing, P. Unexpected effect of concomitantly administered curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur.J Clin PubMed
- Murugan, P. and Pari, L. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):479-486. PubMed
- Seo, K. I., Choi, M. S., Jung, U. J., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J., Jeon, S. M., and Lee, M. K. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;5
- Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V. Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity. Endocrinology 2008;149(7):3549-3558. PubMed
- Jain, S. K., Rains, J., Croad, J., Larson, B., and Jones, K. Curcumin supplementation lowers TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in high glucose-treated cultured monocytes and blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, glucose, and glycosylated hemog
- Yu, Y., Hu, S. K., and Yan, H. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(11):818-822.
- Pavithra, B. H., Prakash, N., and Jayakumar, K. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. J Vet.Sci. 2009;10(4):293-297. PubMed
- Yan, Y. D., Kim, D. H., Sung, J. H., Yong, C. S., and Choi, H. G. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin. Int J Pharm 10-31-2010;399(1-2):116-120. PubMed
- Epelbaum, R., Schaffer, M., Vizel, B., Badmaev, V., and Bar-Sela, G. Curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(8):1137-1141. PubMed
- Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 2011;105(8):1210-1217. PubMed
- Pungcharoenkul, K. and Thongnopnua, P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011;25(11):1721-1726.
- Kusuhara, H., Furuie, H., Inano, A., Sunagawa, A., Yamada, S., Wu, C., Fukizawa, S., Morimoto, N., Ieiri, I., Morishita, M., Sumita, K., Mayahara, H., Fujita, T., Maeda, K., and Sugiyama, Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy
- Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., and Ferns, G. A. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res 2013;27(3):374-379. PubMed
- Chuengsamarn, S., Rattanamongkolgul, S., Luechapudiporn, R., Phisalaphong, C., and Jirawatnotai, S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2121-2127. PubMed
- Goh, C. L. and Ng, S. K. Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):186. PubMed
- Srivastava, R., Puri, V., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986;36(4):715-717.
- Srinivasan, M. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian J Med Sci 1972;26(4):269-270.
- Srivastava, K. C., Bordia, A., and Verma, S. K. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;52(4):223-227 PubMed
- Oetari, S., Sudibyo, M., Commandeur, J. N., Samhoedi, R., and Vermeulen, N. P. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1-12-1996;51(1):39-45. PubMed
- Kiec-Swierczynska, M. and Krecisz, B. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):30-31. PubMed
- Van Dau N, Ngoc Ham N, Huy Khac D, and et al. The effects of a traditional drug, tumeric (Curcuma longa), and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomed 1998;5(1):29-34.
- Daveluy A, Géniaux H, Thibaud L, Mallaret M, Miremont-Salamé G, Haramburu F. Probable interaction between an oral vitamin K antagonist and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Therapie. 2014 Nov-Dec;69(6):519-20. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Dajpratham P, Taechaarpornkul W, Buntragulpoontawee M, Lukkanapichonchut P, Chootip C, Saengsuwan J, Tantayakom K, Laongpech S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthrit
- Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(2):129-36. PubMed
- Mali AM, Behal R, Gilda SS. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(3):386-91. PubMed
- Sanmukhani J, Satodia V, Trivedi J, Patel T, Tiwari D, Panchal B, Goel A, Tripathi CB. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2014;28(4):579-85. PubMed
- Nayeri A, Wu S, Adams E, et al. Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2017;49(1):198-200. PubMed
- Mitchell TM. Correspondence re: Somasundaram et al., Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63(16):5165-6; author reply 5166-7.
- Somasundaram S, Edmund NA, Moore DT, Small GW, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(13):3868-75.
- Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):7. PubMed
- Al-Karawi D, Al Mamoori DA, Tayyar Y. The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder: Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):175-83. PubMed
- Neerati P, Devde R, Gangi AK. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1796-800. PubMed
- Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Gotto AM Jr, et al. Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017:1-10. PubMed
- Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96. PubMed
- Small GW, Siddarth P, Li Z, et al. Memory and brain amyloid and tau effects of a bioavailable form of curcumin in non-demented adults: A double-blind, placebo-controlled 18-month trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(3):266-277.
- Cruz-Correa M, Hylind LM, Marrero JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in treatment of intestinal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 23. Pii:S0016-5085(18)34564-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
- Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8. PubMed
- Lopez-Villafuerte L, CLores KH. Contact dermatitis caused by turmeric in a massage oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jul;75(1):52-3. PubMed
- Lukefahr AL, McEvoy S, Alfafara C, Funk JL. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis associated with turmeric dietary supplement use. BMJ Case Rep. 2018. pii: bcr-2018-224611. PubMed
- Medsafe Safety Communication- Turmeric/Curcumin Interaction with Warfarin. April 30, 2018. Accessed at: https://medsafe.govt.nz/safety/EWS/2018/Turmeric.asp.
- Imam Z, Khasawneh M, Jomaa D, Iftikhar H, Sayedahmad Z. Drug induced liver injury attributed to a curcumin supplement. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 Oct 20;2019:6029403. doi: 10.1155/2019/6029403. PubMed
- Chand S, Hair C, Beswick L. A rare case of turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity. Intern Med J. 2020;50(2):258-259. PubMed
- Jiang N, Zhang M, Meng X, Sun B. Effects of Curcumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine in Rats and Its Potential Mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020;58(1):465-468. PubMed
- Lee BS, Bhatia T, Chaya CT, Wen R, Taira MT, Lim BS. Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(3):e00320. PubMed
- Lombardi N, Crescioli G, Maggini V, et al. Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: an analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020. PubMed
- Suhail FK, Masood U, Sharma A, John S, Dhamoon A. Turmeric supplement induced hepatotoxicity: a rare complication of a poorly regulated substance. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(3):216-217. PubMed
- Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Yamada S, et al. The efficacy and safety of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month open-labeled prospective study. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;13:1179544120948471. PubMed
- Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Reiner Z, Soleimani A, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020;14(4):290-9.
- Allegri P, Rosa R, Masala A, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a new oral curcumin formulation in acute non-infectious uveitic macular edema: a 12-month observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(1):46-53.
- Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. The effect of curcumin differs on individual cognitive domains across different patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021;14(12):1235. PubMed
- Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Herb-drug interaction: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of lepidium sativum and curcuma longa. Xenobiotica 2022;1-9.
- Sohal A, Alhankawi D, Sandhu S, Chintanaboina J. Turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 cases. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:849-852. PubMed
- Hussaarts KGAM, Hurkmans DP, Oomen-de Hoop E, et al. Impact of curcumin (with or without piperine) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(3):403. PubMed
- Kalluru H, Mallayasamy SR, Kondaveeti SS, Chandrasekhar V, Kalachaveedu M. Effect of turmeric supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients: A study with population pharmacokinetics approach. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1761 PubMed
- 109288 Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, et al. Liver injury associated with turmeric-A growing problem: Ten cases from the drug-induced liver injury network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2022:S0002-9343(22)00740-9. PubMed
- Arzallus T, Izagirre A, Castiella A, Torrente S, Garmendia M, Zapata EM. Drug induced autoimmune hepatitis after turmeric intake. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. PubMed
- Gilad O, Rosner G, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, et al. Efficacy of wholistic turmeric supplement on adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(12):2182. PubMed
- Ahad A, Raish M, Abdelrahman IA, et al. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in experimental diseased rats treated with Curcuma longa and Lepidium sativum. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;16(1):33. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed
- Kou H, Huang L, Jin M, He Q, Zhang R, Ma J. Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1121655. PubMed
- Qiu L, Gao C, Wang H, et al. Effects of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front PubMed
- Sato T, Yagi A, Yamauchi M, et al. The use of an antioxidant enables accurate evaluation of the interaction of curcumin on organic anion-transporting polypeptides 4C1 by preventing auto-oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(2):991. PubMed
- Washington O, Robinson E, Simh D, et al. Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report. J Bras Nefrol 2024;46(1):99-106. PubMed
- Munshi R, Karande-Patil S, Kumbhar D, Deshmukh A, Hingorani L. A randomized, controlled, comparative, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nisha-Amalaki capsules in prediabetic patients for preventing progression to diabetes. J Ay PubMed
- Sharifi Razavi A, Mohajerani F, Niksolat F, Karimi N. Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pain Med 2024;25(5):327-333. PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2414. PubMed
- Tehrani SD, Hosseini A, Shahzamani M, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cl PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2441. PubMed
- Dibaei M, Hosseini A, Lavasani H, Kiani-Dehkordi B, Rouini M. Assessment of metabolic interaction between curcumin and tramadol using the isolated perfused rat liver. Heliyon 2024;10(15):e35070. PubMed
Devil's Claw 18 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
- Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, et al. Efficacy and tolerance or Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine 2000;7:177-83.
- Chrubasik S, Thanner J, Kunzel O, et al. Comparison of outcome measures during treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract doloteffin in patients with pain in the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine 2002;9:181-94. PubMed
- Circosta C, Occhiuto F, Ragusa S, et al. A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. II. Cardiovascular activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1984;11:259-74. PubMed
- Grahame R, Robinson BV. Devils's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): pharmacological and clinical studies. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:632. PubMed
- Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
- Wegener T, Lupke NP. Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with an aqueous extract of devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC). Phytother Res 2003;17:1165-72.
- Chrubasik S, Kunzel O, Thanner J, et al. A 1-year follow-up after a pilot study with Doloteffin for low back pain. Phytomedicine 2005;12:1-9. PubMed
- Romiti N, Tramonti G, Corti A, Chieli E. Effects of Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) on the multidrug transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 2009;16:1095-100. PubMed
- Chrubasik, S., Junck, H., Breitschwerdt, H., Conradt, C., and Zappe, H. Effectiveness of Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 in the treatment of exacerbation of low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double- blind study. Eur.J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16(2 DOI
- Laudahn, D. and Walper, A. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum extract LI 174 in patients with chronic non-radicular back pain. Phytother.Res. 2001;15(7):621-624.
- Belaiche P. Etude clinique de 630 cas d'artrose traites par le nebulisat aqueux d'Harpagophytum procumbens (Radix). Phytotherapy 1982;1:22-28.
- Chrubasik S, Model A, Black A, and et al. A randomized double-blind pilot study comparing Doloteffin® and Vioxx® in the treatment of low back pain. Rheumatology 2003;42:141-148.
- Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, et al. Systemic hypertension induced by Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw): a case report. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015;17(11):908-10.
- Mahomed IM, Ojewole JAO. Oxytocin-like effect of Harpagophytum procumbens [Pedaliacae] secondary root aqueous extract on rat isolated uterus. Afr J Trad CAM 2006;3(1):82-89.
- Carvalho RR, Donadel CD, Cortez AF, Valviesse VR, Vianna PF, Correa BB. J Bras Nefrol. 2017 Mar;39(1):79-81.
- Anon. Devil's claw root: ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Prescrire Int 2013;22(144):296.
Boswellia Serrata 16 references
- Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
- Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
- Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
- Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R85.
- Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and Aflapin against osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study. Int J Med Sci 2010;7:366-77.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ 2008;337:a2813. PubMed
- Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, et al. Boswellia serratea extract acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Cancer 2011;117:3788-95.
- Frank A, Unger M. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006;111 PubMed
- Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, et al. Coupling of boswellic acid-incuded Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:223-32.
- El Fortia, M., Badi, H., Elalem, Kh, Kadiki, O., and Topov, Y. Olibanum bezoar: complication of a traditional popular medicine. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(6):927-929.
- Meshkat S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Rajaei S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022;36(4):553-559. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, et al. The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024;204(3):521-530. PubMed
Yerba Mate 123 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
- Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
- Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
- Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
- Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
- Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
- Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
- Pintos J, Franco EL, Oliveira BV, et al. Mate, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil. Epidemiology 1994;5:583-90.
- De Stefani E, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M, et al. Meat intake, 'mate' drinking and renal cell cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1239-43. PubMed
- De Stefani E, Correa P, Fierro L, et al. Black tobacco, mate, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer 1991;67:536-40.
- De Stefani E, Fierro L, Correa P, et al. Mate drinking and risk of lung cancer in males: a case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:515-9.
- Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
- Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
- Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
- Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
- DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
- Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
- Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
- Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
- McGee J, Patrick RS, Wood CB, Blumgart LH. A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal tea consumption. J Clin Pathol 1976;29:788-94. PubMed
- Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
- Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
- Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
- Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
- Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
- Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
- Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
- Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
- McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
- Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
- Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
- Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
- Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
- Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. PubMed
- Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. PubMed
- Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
- May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. PubMed
- Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. PubMed
- Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
- Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
- Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. PubMed
- Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. PubMed
- Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. PubMed
- Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. PubMed
- Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
- Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html. DOI
- Holmgren P, Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities--four case reports. Forensic Sci Int 2004;139:71-3. PubMed
- Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: behavioral effects of withdrawal and related issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1257-61. PubMed
- Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70. PubMed
- Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. The beverage mate: a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck. Head Neck 2003;25:595-601.
- Sewram V, De Stefani E, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Mate consumption and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:508-13.
- Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Valle NC. Mate drinking during pregnancy and risk of preterm and small for gestational age birth. J Nutr 2005;135:1120-3.
- Benowitz NL, Osterloh J, Goldschlager N, et al. Massive catecholamine release from caffeine poisoning. JAMA 1982;248:1097-8. DOI
- Leson CL, McGuigan MA, Bryson SM. Caffeine overdose in an adolescent male. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988;26:407-15. PubMed
- Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29. PubMed
- Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005;294:2330-5. PubMed
- Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of caffeine-containing versus decaffeinated coffee on serum clozapine concentrations in hospitalised patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:13-8. DOI
- Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41. PubMed
- Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. PubMed
- Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303.
- Staib, A. H., Stille, W., Dietlein, G., Shah, P. M., Harder, S., Mieke, S., and Beer, C. Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 1987;34 Suppl 1:170-174. PubMed
- Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734. PubMed
- Fuhr, U., Strobl, G., Manaut, F., Anders, E. M., Sorgel, F., Lopez-de-Brinas, E., Chu, D. T., Pernet, A. G., Mahr, G., Sanz, F., and . Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isof
- Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. PubMed
- Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3 PubMed
- Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures i
- Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. PubMed
- Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114.
- Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Phar PubMed
- Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
- Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. PubMed
- Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. PubMed
- Azcona O, Barbanoi MJ, Torrent J, Jane F. Evaluation of the central effects of alcohol and caffeine interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:393-400. PubMed
- Broughton LJ, Rogers HJ. Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981;12:155-9. PubMed
- File SE, Bond AJ, Lister RG. Interaction between effects of caffeine and lorazepam in performance tests and self-ratings. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1982;2:102-6. DOI
- Mattila MJ, Palva E, Savolainen K. Caffeine antagonizes diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1982;60:121-3.
- Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1983;61:337-43.
- Mattila ME, Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine moderately antagonizes the effects of triazolam and zopiclone on the psychomotor performance of healthy subjects. Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;70:286-9.
- Mattila MJ, Vainio P, Nurminen ML, et al. Midazolam 12 mg is moderately counteracted by 250 mg caffeine in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;38:581-7. PubMed
- Zelenitsky SA, Norman A, Nix DE. The effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. J Infect Dis Pharmacother 1995;1:1-11.
- Joeres R, Richter E. Mexiletine and caffeine elimination. N Engl J Med 1987;317:117. PubMed
- ROTH, J. L. Clinical evaluation of the caffeine gastric analysis in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1951;19(2):199-215. DOI
- Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204. PubMed
- MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism 2007;56(12):1694-1698. PubMed
- Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation 3-3-2009;119(8):1116-1123. PubMed
- Zhang, W., Lopez-Garcia, E., Li, T. Y., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(6):1043-1045. PubMed
- Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. 2010;103(6):833-841. PubMed
- Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295. PubMed
- Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489. PubMed
- Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., and Kette, F. Severe hypokalemia in 2 young bicycle riders due to massive caffeine intake. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):128-130. PubMed
- Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110. DOI
- Conen, D., Chiuve, S. E., Everett, B. M., Zhang, S. M., Buring, J. E., and Albert, C. M. Caffeine consumption and incident atrial fibrillation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(3):509-514. PubMed
- Reis, J. P., Loria, C. M., Steffen, L. M., Zhou, X., van, Horn L., Siscovick, D. S., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Carr, J. J. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study. A PubMed
- Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. PubMed
- Gronroos, N. N. and Alonso, A. Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation - epidemiologic and clinical evidence -. Circ.J 2010;74(10):2029-2038. PubMed
- Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia PubMed
- Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418. PubMed
- Jeppesen, U., Loft, S., Poulsen, H. E., and Brsen, K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6(3):213-222. PubMed
- Bates, M. N., Rey, O. A., Biggs, M. L., Hopenhayn, C., Moore, L. E., Kalman, D., Steinmaus, C., and Smith, A. H. Case-control study of bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic in Argentina. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2004;159(4):381-389.
- Bates, M. N., Hopenhayn, C., Rey, O. A., and Moore, L. E. Bladder cancer and mate consumption in Argentina: a case-control study. Cancer Lett. 2-8-2007;246(1-2):268-273. PubMed
- Martin, I., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Mur, A., Garcia-Algar, O., Rossi, S., Marchei, E., and Pichini, S. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal drinking of mate. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29(1):127-129. PubMed
- de Morais, E. C., Stefanuto, A., Klein, G. A., Boaventura, B. C., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic
- De, Stefani E., Correa, P., Oreggia, F., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Fernandez, G., Zavala, D., Carzoglio, J., Leiva, J., Fontham, E., and Rivero, S. Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante P
- Vassallo, A., Correa, P., De, Stefani E., Cendan, M., Zavala, D., Chen, V., Carzoglio, J., and Deneo-Pellegrini, H. Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1985;75(6):1005-1009.
- Caldeira D, Martins C, Alves LB, Pereira H, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart. 2013;99(19):1383-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950. Re PubMed
- Cheng M, Hu Z, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation incidence: dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Apr;30(4):448-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.026. Epub 2014 2. Review. PubMed
- van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8. No abstract available. PubMed
- Dixit S, Stein PK, Dewland TA, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Marcus GM. Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 26;5(1). pii: e002503. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002503. PubMed
- Stefani ED, Moore M, Aune D, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco AL, Boffetta P, et al. Maté consumption and risk of cancer: a multi-site case-control study in Uruguay. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(4):1089-93.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs evaluate drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.
- Zuchinali P, Riberio PA, Pimentel M, da Rosa PR, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Effect of caffeine on ventricular arrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and clinical studies. Europace 2016 Feb;18(2):257-66. PubMed
- Lagier D, Nee L, Guieu R, et al. Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of DOI
- Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. Caffeine and arrhythmias: time to grind the data. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):425-32. PubMed
- Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. PubMed
- Feltrin C, Farias IV, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2020;33(9):2408-2419. PubMed
- Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044. PubMed
- Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. PubMed
- Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. PubMed
- Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC