Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Probiogen

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic is a dietary supplement by Probiogen with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for supporting normal blood clotting, bone health, heart and vascular health.Based on those ingredients, 1,176 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Boswellia serrata Extract, Bacillus coagulans HC, Bacillus subtilis HU58. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Men's Vitality Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (80 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic contains six ingredients, including three active components: vitamin K2 (a fat-soluble nutrient involved in blood clotting and bone health), two spore-forming bacteria strains (Bacillus coagulans HC and Bacillus subtilis HU58), saw palmetto berry extract (from the fruit of a palm plant), Bacillus clausii (another bacterial strain), and Boswellia serrata extract (a resin from the frankincense tree). The inactive ingredients are tricalcium phosphate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose plant fiber, vegetable magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide — the excipients that hold the capsule together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Supports digestive and immune health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Common cold, Constipation, Crohn disease, Diarrhea — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Subtilis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Vitamin K2 is effective for correcting blood clotting problems and treating vitamin K-dependent clotting factor deficiency and hemorrhagic disease; it's possibly effective for osteoporosis. Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis are possibly effective for constipation and antibiotic-associated diarrhea respectively, though the evidence for both is modest.

Saw palmetto is possibly effective for symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate but possibly ineffective for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Boswellia serrata extract is possibly effective for osteoarthritis.

The other uses listed — athletic performance, cancer, liver disease, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, and cluster headache — do not have reliable evidence to rate them.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin K Saw Palmetto Bacillus Coagulans Bacillus Subtilis Boswellia Serrata

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Orally, vitamin K2 is generally well tolerated, though nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset can occur. Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis are generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but safety data is limited and varies by product quality; rare cases of serious infection (bacteremia and sepsis) have been reported in severely ill or immunocompromised patients.

Saw palmetto is well tolerated overall with mild, reversible side effects like abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache, and nausea, though rare heart rhythm problems have been reported. Boswellia serrata is generally well tolerated short-term, with the most common side effects being abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, heartburn, and nausea; a rare case of dangerous bezoar (stomach blockage) has been reported with large amounts of the gum resin.

Saw palmetto safety data advises against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Boswellia serrata should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin K Saw Palmetto Bacillus Coagulans Bacillus Subtilis Boswellia Serrata

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Boswellia Serrata, Saw Palmetto, Vitamin K, Bacillus Coagulans, Bacillus Subtilis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 1,177 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take warfarin (a Major interaction with vitamin K2). Also flag any antibiotic use, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, estrogens, birth control pills, immunosuppressants, or medications metabolized by liver enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 — all carry Moderate interactions with ingredients in this formula.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a multiingredient supplement with probiotics, vitamin K, and botanical extracts. It's not suitable if you take warfarin.

If you take antibiotics, blood thinners, birth control, estrogen, immunosuppressants, or medications processed by your liver's enzyme systems, check with your pharmacist before starting — the interaction risk is real. Talk to your pharmacist about whether this is right for you and your medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic, straight from the product label.

Brand Probiogen
Net contents 30 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 24, 2023
DSLD ID 288728
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Vitamin K250 mcg42%
Bacillus coagulans HC0 NP--
Bacillus subtilis HU580 NP--
Saw Palmetto Berry Extract150 mg--
Bacillus clausii0 NP--
Men's Vitality Probiotic Blend80 mg--
Boswellia serrata Extract150 mg--

Other ingredients: Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Cellulose plant fiber, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

The Probiogen advantage Survives 100x better vs. yogurt and other leading brands Complete study available at Probiogen.com

Aren't high quality probiotics refrigerated? If a probiotic needs to be refrigerated, how will it survive a much warmer and more intense environment like your gastric system? Likely - it won't. Learn more about Probiogen spore probiotics

Formula

With probiotics, it's quality over quantity Many leading brands with up to 200+ billion CFUs only guarantee potency at the times of manufacture. Probiogen provides live, viable CFUs that live and thrive in the gut, colonizing to provide true benefits when you need them the most. Feel the Probiogen difference!

HU 58 Guaranteed potency probiotics with DNA verified strains

Probiotic + key prostate health nutrients

Formulation

Smart spore technology Spores are nature's best probiotics. Unlike other popular strain, spore-formers make it past the harsh gastric system to colonize in the gut for better digestive and overall health.

Microbiologist formulated & clinically proven to outlive the leading probiotics and yogurt

Supports digestive + immune health 100% better survival DNA verified strain Smart spore technology

Dairy free | gluten free | soy free | non GMO

Science backed formula

Made in USA with domestic and selectively imported ingredients

Contains no: GMO, dairy, wheat, gluten, soy, added artificial colors or flavors.

Why probiotics? Poor diet, pollutants and antibiotics can all wreak havoc in our gut. Probiotics provide "friendly" bacteria that regulate your inner ecosystem to keep you feeling your best. Probiotics are naturally found in the body and in the environment. Spore probiotics are among the most effective strains that nature has to offer.

Supports normal urine flow & control Digestive health & nutrient absorption Healthy immune system support

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Suggested use: Take 1 capsule daily after a meal or as directed by your physician.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Probiogen Probiotics that thrive!

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Warning: Consult a healthcare professional before using this product. Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Vitamin K may counteract the effect of anticoagulation therapy, and therefore is not recommended for patients on blood thinning medications.

Do not use this product is the safety seal on the bottle is broken.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Plus no refrigeration needed

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin K2

Interacts with
2 drugs
50 mcg per serving Form: Menaquinone-7

Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but suppl...

Vitamin K2 monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto Berry Extract

Interacts with
174 drugs
150 mg per serving Form: Fatty Acids

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...

Saw Palmetto Berry Extract monograph & interactions

Men's Vitality Probiotic Blend

80 mg per serving

Boswellia serrata Extract

Interacts with
952 drugs
150 mg per serving Form: Boswellic acids

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...

Boswellia serrata Extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Cellulose plant fiber, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,176Drugs
2 Major 1,174 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Boswellia serrata Extract 952
Bacillus coagulans HC 182
Bacillus subtilis HU58 182
Saw Palmetto Berry Extract 174
Vitamin K2 2

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic interact with 1,176 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Boswellia serrata Extract Bacillus coagulans HC Bacillus subtilis HU58 Saw Palmetto Berry Extract Vitamin K2

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Boswellia serrata Extract6 drug types · 952 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Boswellia serrata Extract full monograph & interactions

Bacillus coagulans HC1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking antibiotics with Bacillus coagulans might decrease the effectiveness of B. coagulans.
B. coagulans preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. coagulans preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus coagulans HC full monograph & interactions

Bacillus subtilis HU581 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bacillus subtilis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. subtilis.
Since B. subtilis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. subtilis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus subtilis HU58 full monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto Berry Extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saw Palmetto Berry Extract full monograph & interactions

Vitamin K21 drug type · 2 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin. Excessive vitamin K intake, either from supplements or from changes in the diet, can reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Vitamin K2 full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic, from the product label.

Probiogen

See all Probiogen products
Name
Probiogen
Street Address
9160 E. Bahia Dr.
City
Scottsdale
State
AZ
ZipCode
85260
Web Address
probiogen.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen: Common Questions

Does Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic by Probiogen interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic has a known interaction with 1,176 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
I'm on warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Can I take this product?
No — vitamin K2 in this product can directly reverse warfarin's blood-thinning effect and make you clot when you shouldn't. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about alternatives.
What's the vitamin K2 in here for?
Vitamin K2 is involved in blood clotting and bone health. It's effective for treating certain clotting disorders and is possibly helpful for osteoporosis.
If I'm taking an antibiotic, should I skip this product?
Not necessarily skip it, but separate them. The bacteria in this probiotic can be killed by antibiotics, which would make the supplement less effective. Ask your pharmacist about timing — usually spacing them several hours apart helps.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The saw palmetto and Boswellia in this formula have insufficient or unsafe data for pregnancy and breastfeeding, so avoid them during those times. Vitamin K2 is likely safe in pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before using any supplement when pregnant or nursing.
What are the Bacillus strains supposed to do?
Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis are spore-forming bacteria that may help with constipation and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, though the evidence is modest. They're probiotics meant to support gut health.
Does saw palmetto in this work for prostate problems?
Saw palmetto is possibly effective if you've had a specific prostate procedure (TURP) but is possibly ineffective for benign prostatic hyperplasia. For general prostate symptoms, the evidence is limited.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin K

Interacts with 2 drugs

Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are sometimes used for deficiency...

Read the full Vitamin K monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Coagulans

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, and certain types of diarrhea. The eviden...

Read the full Bacillus Coagulans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Subtilis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium found in soil and some fermented foods, and it is used mainly to support gut health and digestion. Early research is promising for ce...

Read the full Bacillus Subtilis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Boswellia Serrata

Interacts with 952 drugs

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...

Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Men's Vitality Spore Probiotic's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin K 11 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  3. Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, et al. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(5):293-300. PubMed
  4. Dietary vitamin K guidance: an effective strategy for stable control of oral anticoagulation? Nutr Rev. 2010;68(3):178-81. PubMed
  5. Kim JS, Nafziger AN, Gaedigk A, et al. Effects of oral vitamin K on S- and R-warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: enhanced safety of warfarin as a CYP2C9 probe. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;41(7):715-22. PubMed
  6. Riegert-Johnson, D. L. and Volcheck, G. W. The incidence of anaphylaxis following intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1): a 5-year retrospective review. Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002;89(4):400-406. PubMed
  7. Dezee, K. J., Shimeall, W. T., Douglas, K. M., Shumway, N. M., and O'malley, P. G. Treatment of excessive anticoagulation with phytonadione (vitamin K): a meta-analysis. Arch.Intern.Med. 2-27-2006;166(4):391-397. DOI
  8. Dentali, F., Ageno, W., and Crowther, M. Treatment of coumarin-associated coagulopathy: a systematic review and proposed treatment algorithms. J.Thromb.Haemost. 2006;4(9):1853-1863. PubMed
  9. Caluwé R, Vandecasteele S, Van Vlem B, Vermeer C, De Vriese AS. Vitamin K2 supplementation in haemodialysis patients: a randomized dose-finding study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(7):1385-90.
  10. Huang ZB, Wan SL, Lu YJ, Ning L, Liu C, Fan SW. Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(3):1175-86. PubMed
  11. Hunnali CR, Devi U, Kitchanan S, Sethuraman G. Three Different Regimens for Vitamin K Birth Prophylaxis in Infants Born Preterm: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2023;255:98-104. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin K monograph →

Bacillus Coagulans 20 references
  1. Saxelin M, Chuang NH, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6. PubMed
  2. Tynkkynen S, Singh KV, Varmanen P. Vancomycin resistance factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int J Food Microbiol 1998;41:195-204. PubMed
  3. Klein G, Zill E, Schindler R, et al. Peritonitis associated with vancomycin-resistant Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient; organism identification, antibiotic therapy, and case report. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:
  4. Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. PubMed
  5. Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. DOI
  6. Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60.
  7. MacGregor G, Smith AJ, Thakker B, Kinsella J. Yoghurt biotherapy: contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients? Postgrad Med J 2002;78:366-7. PubMed
  8. Land MH, Rouster-Stevens K, Woods CR, et al. Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics 2005;115:178-81.
  9. De Groote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:278-80. PubMed
  10. Vahabnezhad E, Mochon AB, Wozniak LJ, Ziring DA. Lactobacillus bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a pediatric patient with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(5):437-9. PubMed
  11. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  12. Sendil S, Shrimanker I, Mansoora Q, Goldman J, Nookala VK. Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia in an immunocompromised renal transplant patient. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6887. PubMed
  13. Albarillo FS, Shah U, Joyce C, Slade D. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Infection: A single-center 4-year descriptive analysis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2020;12(3):119-123. PubMed
  14. Pasala S, Singer L, Arshad T, Roach K. Lactobacillus endocarditis in a healthy patient with probiotic use. IDCases. 2020;22:e00915. PubMed
  15. Agrawal S, Tuchman ES, Bruce MJ, Theodorou ME. Fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):e236835.
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See these in context on the Bacillus Coagulans monograph →

Bacillus Subtilis 10 references
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See these in context on the Bacillus Subtilis monograph →

Saw Palmetto 22 references
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See these in context on the Saw Palmetto monograph →

Boswellia Serrata 16 references
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See these in context on the Boswellia Serrata monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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