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Dietary supplement

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Fiber Choice

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites is a dietary supplement by Fiber Choice with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,038 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Vitamin B6, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites has three active ingredients: sodium, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. The product also contains several inactive ingredients — inulin, sugar, pectin, citric acid, natural flavors, colors, vegetable oil, and carnauba wax — which serve as sweeteners, thickeners, and structure.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Metabolism and energy support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Fatigue, Antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects, Energy production, Metabolic function.
  • The closest evidence on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Fatigue (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin B6 is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects.

The evidence on file shows vitamin B6 is effective for sideroblastic anemia and vitamin B6 deficiency, and likely effective for high homocysteine levels. It's possibly effective for pregnancy-induced nausea.

Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency and Imerslund-Grasbeck disease, and likely effective for cyanide poisoning. Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for kidney damage caused by amphotericin B.

The data we hold doesn't establish effectiveness for metabolism or energy support specifically.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. The facts advise against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Vitamin B6 at standard doses is generally safe, though high doses over time can damage nerves (sensory neuropathy); most common side effects at normal doses are mild (abdominal pain, headache, nausea). Vitamin B12 is generally very safe — your body removes excess through urine — and has no established upper limit.

It's needed and considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding at recommended amounts. The product's pregnancy and lactation data for sodium shows it's rated likely safe but also possibly unsafe — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Sodium Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 2,039 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, have your pharmacist check if you take any blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine, seizure drugs like phenobarbital or phenytoin, amiodarone, levodopa, metformin, or sodium-containing drugs or supplements. Sodium and vitamin B6 both interact with antihypertensive drugs and other important medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, seizure drugs, or amiodarone, check your exact medications with the tool on this page first. Sodium supplements aren't recommended without medical guidance, especially if you have high blood pressure, heart or kidney disease, or take diuretics.

Vitamin B6 and B12 at these doses are generally well tolerated, though B6 can cause nerve damage at very high levels. Chat with your pharmacist before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 22, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites, straight from the product label.

Brand Fiber Choice
Barcode (UPC) 369266000941
Net contents 90 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 22, 2021
DSLD ID 256913
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
7 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
7 Gram(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
369266000941
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates5 Gram(s)2%
Dietary Fiber3 Gram(s)11%
Sodium10 mg1%
Vitamin B69 mg529%
Vitamin B1231.3 mC Unit(s)1304%
Total Sugars2 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Inulin, Sugar, Pectin, Citric Acid, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Natural flavors, Cyanocobalamin, Sodium Citrate, Colors Added, Vegetable Oil, Carnauba Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Metabolism & energy

Prebiotic fiber helps support the immune system A healthy digestive tract is vital for a healthy immune system. Inulin helps keep your digestive tract balanced and the bad bacteria in check. Prebiotic fiber supports good overall health Daily intake of fiber is an important part of your overall good health. Most Americans only get about half of the recommended 25-38 grams of fiber each day. So when you can't get the fiber you need from healthy foods, Fiber Choice is a simple and tasty way to help close the fiber gap.

The same fiber found in many fruits & vegetables Helps support regularity

Manufactured in the USA under Good Manufacturing Practices.

Formula

Fiber choice metabolism & energy is an excellent source of vitamins B6 and B12, which help support your metabolic system and energy production. Why is fiber choice..the smart choice? Fiber choice is made with inulin, a fiber found in many fruits and vegetables. Inulin is a prebiotic fiber, meaning it stimulates the growth and activity of the friendly good bacteria that live in your digestive system.

Assorted tropical fruit flavors Fiber gummies in tasty flavors

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Age 14 yrs. to adult: serving size: 2 gummies (3 g fiber) up to 8 per day Children (4-13 yrs): serving size: 1 gummy (1.5 g fiber) up to 4 per day Do not exceed 8 gummies per day. Children under 4 yrs.: serving size: consult a physician Children: Product should be fully chewed under adult supervision.

Directions: Chew 2 gummies up to 4 times a day. Start with 2 gummies, once a day. Then increase dose at steady intervals, preferably with a meal, to enable the microbiome to better adjust to the prebiotic benefit. If discomfort is felt, reduce dose. Do not exceed 8 gummies a day.

Storage

Store at room temperature 68 degrees-77 degrees Fahrenheit. Keep container tightly closed.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

#1 Gastroenterologist recommended Among gastroenterologists who recommend a chewable fiber brand (tablets and gummies). IQVIA ProVoice survey (June 2020).

Individual results may vary.

FDA Statement of Identity

Daily Prebiotic Fiber Supplement

Precautions

If pregnant, breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or are on medication, consult a physician before using.

If minor gas or bloating occurs, reduce daily serving. Tamper evident: do not use if seal beneath cap is missing or broken.

Bottle is child resistant. Keep out of reach of children.

Brand IP Statement(s)

2020

See for yourself

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size7 Gram(s) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
3 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Vitamin B6

Interacts with
210 drugs
9 mg per serving

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...

Vitamin B6 monograph & interactions

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs
31.3 mC Unit(s) per serving

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Inulin, Sugar, Pectin, Citric Acid, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Natural flavors, Cyanocobalamin, Sodium Citrate, Colors Added, Vegetable Oil, Carnauba Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,038Drugs
260 Moderate 1,778 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Vitamin B65 drug types · 210 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Levodopa

Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites, from the product label.

Fiber Choice

See all Fiber Choice products
Name
IM HealthScience LLC
City
Boca Raton
State
FL
ZipCode
33487
Phone Number
1-855-488-4273
Web Address
FiberChoice.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice: Common Questions

Does Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites by Fiber Choice interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites has a known interaction with 2,038 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
The data on file shows sodium is rated likely safe and possibly unsafe in pregnancy and lactation — which means there isn't clear guidance. Vitamin B12 is considered safe at recommended amounts during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. Vitamin B6 has no pregnancy or breastfeeding rating in our data. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before taking this product while pregnant or nursing.
What does vitamin B6 do?
Vitamin B6 is used to treat and prevent deficiency, and it's effective for sideroblastic anemia (a type of anemia). It's also possibly helpful for nausea in pregnancy. This product contains it at a level meant to support normal function, not treat a deficiency.
What does vitamin B12 do?
Vitamin B12 prevents and treats deficiency, and it's effective for that purpose. It's also needed for nerve and blood cell health. You absorb it from food and supplements, and excess amounts are excreted, so there's no upper limit.
Can high doses of vitamin B6 cause side effects?
Yes. At normal doses under 100 mg daily, it's well tolerated and causes only mild side effects like headache or nausea in some people. High doses over time — especially above 1,000 mg daily — can cause sensory nerve damage (neuropathy). This product contains it at a standard supplement level, but avoid stacking multiple B6 sources without checking first.
Why should I be careful about sodium in a supplement?
Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much raises blood pressure and stresses your heart and kidneys. If you take blood pressure medications, have heart or kidney disease, or already eat a typical diet (which is usually high in sodium), adding a sodium supplement can work against your health. Always check with your doctor before taking sodium supplements.
Does this product help with energy and metabolism?
The evidence on file doesn't establish whether these specific ingredients at these doses improve energy or metabolism in healthy people. B vitamins do support normal energy production in the body, but the data we hold doesn't confirm that this product boosts energy.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Metabolism & Energy Fruity Bites's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 118 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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