Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

NIOX Ultra Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nutrex Research

NIOX Ultra label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking NIOX Ultra against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

NIOX Ultra is a dietary supplement by Nutrex Research with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for athletic performance and endurance, high-intensity exercise capacity, reducing muscle fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 403 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are L-Arginine Ethyl Ester, AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 5 active ingredients.

NIOX Ultra contains 5 active ingredients. CarnoSyn is a form of beta-alanine, an amino acid.

L-arginine ethyl ester and agmatine sulfate are nitrogen-based compounds that support muscle function and blood flow. Glycerine is a naturally occurring compound used for hydration support.

The product also contains Liquid NIOX Muscle & Pump Formula, which we cannot provide details for because we hold no data on it. The capsules are made with vegetable cellulose and contain purified water and polysorbate 80 as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: nitric oxide boosting muscle and pump formula.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Muscle strength, Physical performance, muscular endurance, blood flow optimization — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glycerol is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance, Physical performance.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle breakdown.

Beta-alanine (CarnoSyn) is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance. For age-related cognitive decline, cognitive function, COPD, and menopausal symptoms, the evidence is insufficient to rate it.

Glycerine is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for a skin condition called ichthyosis, but possibly ineffective for meningitis, prematurity, and stroke. We hold no effectiveness data in our files for L-arginine ethyl ester, agmatine sulfate, or the Liquid NIOX Muscle & Pump Formula ingredient.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Glycerol L-arginine Agmatine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated but commonly causes a harmless tingling sensation (paresthesia), usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. Skin flushing may also occur.

The data advises against use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety information. Glycerine is well tolerated in normal amounts but large doses can cause stomach upset, bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache.

L-arginine is often well tolerated short-term but can lower blood pressure; it is possibly safe in pregnancy but long-term safety is unclear. Agmatine is generally well tolerated short-term, but the data advises against it during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data; short-term use may cause diarrhea, indigestion, or nausea.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Glycerol L-arginine Agmatine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — L-arginine, Agmatine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 403 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking NIOX Ultra, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, isoproterenol, or sildenafil) — there is a Moderate risk of low blood pressure. Also check if you take blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelets), diabetes medications, or potassium-sparing diuretics.

The L-arginine content raises theoretically serious concerns with several of these drug types.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

NIOX Ultra is marketed for muscle performance and athletic support through its blend of amino acids and related compounds. If you take blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, blood thinners, or drugs affecting potassium levels, you'll want to talk this over with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — the interactions are documented.

The tingling sensation from beta-alanine is harmless but worth knowing about. Check with your own healthcare provider about whether this product is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 26, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about NIOX Ultra, straight from the product label.

Brand Nutrex Research
Barcode (UPC) 853237000301
Net contents 120 Liquid Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 26, 2014
DSLD ID 36836
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Liquid Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Liquid Capsule(s)
Servings per container
40
UPC/BARCODE
853237000301
IngredientAmount% DV
CarnoSyn0 NP--
Glycerine0 NP--
L-Arginine Ethyl Ester0 NP--
AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate0 NP--
Liquid NIOX Muscle & Pump Formula3095 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, purified Water, Polysorbate 80

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

FAST-ACTING LIQUID CAPSULES

FAST-ACTING LIQUID CAPSULE TECHNOLOGY NIOX is a concentrated Nitric Oxide boosting muscle & pump formula. Through fast-acting liquid capsules NIOX helps to deliver results more rapidly. FASTER ABSORPTION: Tablets and powder filled capsules are known as slow-absorbers. Your body needs a longer time to break them down. Using our fast-absorbing liquid capsules instead reduces wait time. Pre-dissolved and already liquefied Nitric Oxide boosters enter your blood stream more rapidly and are ready for action. REAL RESULTS: NIOX quickly shuttles Nitric Oxide generating Arginine Ethyl Ester into your bloodstream. Fortified with Glycerine, Agmatine Sulfate and real Beta Alanine NIOX supports your drive for bigger, fuller and rounder muscles covered with extra veins. Combined with high-intensity training more blood, nutrients and oxygen are being pushed into your muscles.

Use your smart phone to scan this QR code and see real consumer reviews about this product. Or visit Nutrex.com.

CONCENTRATED NITRIC OXIDE BOOSTER ADVANCED MUSCLE & PUMP FORMULA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Natural Alternatives International (NAI) is the owner of patents 5,965,596, 6,172,098, 6,426,361, 6,680,294 and registered trademark CarnoSyn(R).

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

RECOMMENDED USE: Take 3 liquid capsules with 10 oz of water 30 minutes before breakfast and repeat 30 minutes before dinner. On training days take one of your daily servings 30 minutes before working out. For optimum results use NIOX every day. Stay well hydrated. Always take NIOX approximately 30 minutes before a meal or workout.

Formulation

NIOX is a stimulant-free product.

Precautions

WARNING: Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

General

LBL-NIOXU-120CT-V1-US

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

NIOX Ultra label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Liquid Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container40 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

CarnoSyn

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving Form: Beta-Alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-int...

CarnoSyn monograph & interactions

Glycerine

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well establis...

Glycerine monograph & interactions

L-Arginine Ethyl Ester

Interacts with
403 drugs
0 NP per serving

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for bl...

L-Arginine Ethyl Ester monograph & interactions

AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate

Interacts with
258 drugs
0 NP per serving

Agmatine is a compound your body makes from the amino acid arginine, and it is sold mainly as a workout and 'pump' supplement. Human evidence for most...

AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate monograph & interactions

Liquid NIOX Muscle & Pump Formula

3095 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Purified Water, Polysorbate 80. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against NIOX Ultra?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
403Drugs
395 Moderate 8 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

L-Arginine Ethyl Ester 403
AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate 258

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in NIOX Ultra interact with 403 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in NIOX Ultra interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. L-Arginine Ethyl Ester AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in NIOX Ultra with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

L-Arginine Ethyl Ester9 drug types · 403 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ACE inhibitors may increase the risk for hypotension and hyperkalemia.
Combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs, especially ACE inhibitors, seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ACE inhibitors with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ARBs may increase the risk of hypotension and hyperkalemia.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Combining L-arginine with ARBs seems to increase L-arginine-induced vasodilation. Furthermore, ARBs can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ARBs with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Preliminary research suggests that L-arginine infusions reduce platelet aggregation in humans. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research shows that L-arginine decreases blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Clinical evidence shows that L-arginine can reduce blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

Theoretically, concurrent use of isoproterenol and L-arginine might result in additive effects and hypotension.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that L-arginine enhances isoproterenol-induced vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension or a family history of essential hypertension.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Theoretically concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and L-arginine might increase the risk for hypotension.
In vivo, concurrent use of L-arginine and sildenafil has resulted in increased vasodilation. Theoretically, concurrent use might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and testosterone might have additive effects.
In clinical research, L-arginine increases the level of testosterone in male patients with erectile dysfunction. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Arginine Ethyl Ester full monograph & interactions

AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate2 drug types · 258 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that agmatine has mild hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that agmatine can modestly decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
AgmaPure Agmatine Sulfate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for NIOX Ultra, from the product label.

Nutrex Research

See all Nutrex Research products
Name
Nutrex Research, Inc.
City
Oviedo
State
FL
ZipCode
32765
Phone Number
1-888-368-8739
Web Address
Nutrex.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research: Common Questions

Does NIOX Ultra by Nutrex Research interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, NIOX Ultra has a known interaction with 403 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
NIOX Ultra contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will NIOX Ultra help me with athletic performance?
Beta-alanine in this product is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance according to the evidence we hold. That said, it commonly causes a harmless tingling sensation (usually on the scalp) within 20 minutes of taking it, which lasts about an hour — so you'll want to know that going in.
What's the tingling I've heard about?
That's the beta-alanine at work. It causes a dose-dependent pins-and-needles feeling (paresthesia) along with skin flushing, typically starting on the scalp. At lower doses, it may be very mild or not happen at all; at higher doses, it can feel more pronounced. It's harmless and fades within about an hour.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The data advises against beta-alanine and agmatine during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety information. L-arginine is rated possibly safe in pregnancy, but talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice — they know your situation best.
What's in this product?
It contains CarnoSyn (beta-alanine), L-arginine ethyl ester, agmatine sulfate, glycerine, and a Liquid NIOX Muscle & Pump Formula ingredient we don't have data for. The capsule itself is made from vegetable cellulose and contains purified water and polysorbate 80.
Does glycerine in here help with anything?
Glycerine is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for ichthyosis (a skin condition). In this product, it's probably there for hydration support rather than as a standalone remedy. At normal doses, it's generally well tolerated, though large amounts can cause stomach upset or diarrhea.
Why is there agmatine in a workout supplement?
Agmatine is a nitrogen-based compound believed to support muscle function and blood flow. However, we hold insufficient evidence to rate its effectiveness for athletic performance or the other conditions listed on file. If long-term safety in humans hasn't been well studied, and your doctor or pharmacist is the right person to ask whether it's right for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if NIOX Ultra is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

NIOX Ultra label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind NIOX Ultra’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycerol

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well established as a laxative and a skin and eye moi...

Read the full Glycerol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-arginine

Interacts with 403 drugs

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and...

Read the full L-arginine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Agmatine

Interacts with 258 drugs

Agmatine is a compound your body makes from the amino acid arginine, and it is sold mainly as a workout and 'pump' supplement. Human evidence for most of its claimed benefits is limited and...

Read the full Agmatine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

NIOX Ultra's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 90 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Glycerol 8 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Wagner DR. Hyperhydrating with glycerol: implications for athletic performance. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:207-12. PubMed
  3. Yu YL, Kumana CR, Lauder IJ, et al. Treatment of acute cortical infarct with intravenous glycerol. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Stroke 1993;24:1119-24. PubMed
  4. Frei A, Cottier C, Wunderlich P, Ludin E. Glycerol and dextran combined in the therapy of acute stroke. A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with a planned interim analysis. Stroke 1987;18:373-9. PubMed
  5. Balaskas E, Szepietowski JC, Bessis D, Ioannides D, Ponticelli C, Ghienne C, Taberly A, Dupuy P. Randomized, double-blind study with glycerol and paraffin in uremic xerosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Apr;6(4):748-52. PubMed
  6. Blanchet-Bardon C, Tadini G, Machado Matos M, Delarue A. Association of glycerol and paraffin in the treatment of ichthyosis in children: an international, multicentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Aug;26 PubMed
  7. Kajita N, Kanamori K, Yamamoto S, Yoshida K. Generalized Urticaria Caused by a Glycerin Enema in an Infant. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022;32(4):318-319. PubMed
  8. Suzuki R, Fukuyama K, Miyazaki Y, Namiki T. Contact urticaria syndrome and protein contact dermatitis caused by glycerin enema. JAAD Case Reports. 2016;2:108-10. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycerol monograph →

L-arginine 66 references
  1. Sapienza MA, Kharitonov SA, Horvath I, et al. Effect of inhaled L-arginine on exhaled nitric oxide in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1998;53:172-5.
  2. Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1989-94. PubMed
  3. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M. L-arginine: Rediscovery in progress. Cardiology 1998;90:153-9.
  4. Brittenden J, Park KGM, Heys SD, et al. L-Arginine stimulates host defenses in patients with breast cancer. Surgery 1994;115:205-12.
  5. Korting GE, Smith SD, Wheeler MA, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of oral L-arginine for treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1999;161:558-65. DOI
  6. Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996;93:2135-41.
  7. Siani A, Pagano E, Iacone R, et al. Blood pressure and metabolic changes during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:547-51. PubMed
  8. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  9. Wallace AW, Tom WL. Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:840-6. DOI
  10. Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:422-7.. PubMed
  11. Staff AC, Berge L, Haugen G, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or placebo in women with pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:103-7.
  12. Resnick DJ, Softness B, Murphy AR, et al. Case report of an anaphylactoid reaction to arginine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:67-8. PubMed
  13. Anon. Arginine hydrochloride injection (marketed as R-Gene 10). FDA Drug Safety Newsletter 2009;2(2):16-18. Available at: www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyNewsletter/default.htm.
  14. Higashi Y, Oshima T, Sasaki S, et. al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, but not calcium antagonism, improves a response of the renal vasculature to L-arginine in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1998 Jul;32(1):16-24.
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Agmatine 3 references
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