Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Power-E Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Physician's Strength

Power-E label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Power-E against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Power-E is a dietary supplement by Physician's Strength with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and concentration, digestive upset, hair growth.Based on those ingredients, 376 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are wild Rosemary Oil, Cumin Oil, Wild, Red Palm Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Power-E by Physician's Strength

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Power-E by Physician's Strength — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Power-E by Physician's Strength

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (150 IU) without saying how much of each component you get.

Power-E is a 4-ingredient liquid supplement built around four plant oils. Wild rosemary oil, red palm oil, wild cumin oil, and pumpkin seed oil are the active ingredients.

There are no inactive fillers or excipients listed for this product.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Vitamin A deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Palm Oil) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Memory — rated "Possibly Effective" (Rosemary) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Pumpkin) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for these oils is mixed. Rosemary has possibly effective support for memory, though evidence for age-related cognitive decline and other conditions is insufficient.

Red palm oil is likely effective for vitamin A deficiency but insufficient evidence exists for its use in heart disease. Cumin oil and pumpkin seed oil lack sufficient evidence for most claimed uses, with the exception of pumpkin seed oil which is possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—enlarged prostate.

For most other purposes listed, the data we hold simply isn't established yet.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Rosemary Palm Oil Cumin Pumpkin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Rosemary oil is safe in normal culinary amounts, but concentrated extracts and undiluted essential oil need caution. Rosemary may cause allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, lip and gum swelling, and occupational asthma in sensitive people; undiluted oil might trigger seizures.

During pregnancy, food amounts are likely fine, but medicinal or large doses should be avoided. Red palm oil is generally safe as a food but high in saturated fat—use in moderation—and concentrated supplements in pregnancy are not well studied.

Cumin as a spice is generally safe, though medicinal doses lack safety data; rare cases of anaphylaxis have occurred in sensitive individuals. Pumpkin seed oil is generally well tolerated, but avoid concentrated supplements in pregnancy and breastfeeding unless your doctor approves.

Short-term common side effects from pumpkin include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Rosemary Palm Oil Cumin Pumpkin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rosemary, Cumin, Pumpkin, Palm Oil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 376 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Power-E, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin)—rosemary, red palm oil, and cumin all raise bleeding risk. If you take diabetes medication or lithium, mention this product as well; rosemary and cumin may lower blood sugar further, and pumpkin seed oil may raise lithium levels.

If you're on salicylate-containing pain relievers (choline magnesium trisalicylate or salsalate) or medications processed through the CYP1A2 pathway, check those too.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is built around oils with sparse evidence of effectiveness beyond rosemary's possible role in memory and pumpkin seed oil's possible role in prostate health. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medication, lithium, or certain other prescription drugs, you need to clear this product with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the interactions are real and could affect how your medications work.

Talk it over with your healthcare provider about whether it makes sense for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 22, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Power-E, straight from the product label.

Brand Physician's Strength
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 22, 2022
DSLD ID 268922
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Power-E by Physician's Strength, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 Drop(s)
Servings per container
86
IngredientAmount% DV
wild Rosemary Oil0 NP--
Red Palm Oil0 NP--
Cumin Oil, Wild0 NP--
Pumpkin seed Oil0 NP--
Proprietary Blend150 IU600%

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take ten or more drops under the tongue or in juice or water once daily. Add to smoothies. Also may be used topically.

Formula

Power-E is the whole vitamin E complex from naturally grown sunflower seeds.

Sunflower vitamin E

Formulation

Free of all soy, it is non-GMO

Doctor's formula

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Power-E by Physician's Strength label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Power-E label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Power-E by Physician's Strength

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container86 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

150 IU per serving Form: Sunflower, Vitamin E
Interaction report

Power-E by Physician's Strength Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Power-E?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
376Drugs
216 Moderate 160 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

wild Rosemary Oil 372
Cumin Oil, Wild 211
Red Palm Oil 122
Pumpkin seed Oil 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Power-E interact with 376 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Power-E interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. wild Rosemary Oil Cumin Oil, Wild Red Palm Oil Pumpkin seed Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Power-E with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

wild Rosemary Oil6 drug types · 372 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
wild Rosemary Oil full monograph & interactions

Cumin Oil, Wild3 drug types · 211 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that cumin can inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that cumin can lower blood sugar in diabetic animals. However, research in humans with and without diabetes has found conflicting results.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, cumin might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of cumin containing a specific flavonoid glycoside can increase the bioavailability and plasma levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cumin Oil, Wild full monograph & interactions

Red Palm Oil1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
The palm olein constituent in palm oil seems to increase platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Red Palm Oil full monograph & interactions

Pumpkin seed Oil1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Pumpkin seed Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Power-E, from the product label.

Physician's Strength

See all Physician's Strength products
Name
Physician's Strength
Street Address
13900 W. Polo Trail Drive
City
Lake Forest
State
IL
ZipCode
60045
Web Address
www.physicians-strength.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Power-E by Physician's Strength: Common Questions

Does Power-E by Physician's Strength interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Power-E has a known interaction with 376 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Power-E contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
The safety data varies by ingredient. Rosemary in medicinal or large doses should be avoided in pregnancy, though food amounts are likely fine. Red palm oil and pumpkin seed oil haven't been well studied in pregnancy at supplement doses—there isn't enough information to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice based on your situation.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
Safety data on concentrated supplements during breastfeeding isn't well established for red palm oil and pumpkin seed oil. Cumin as a food is fine, but medicinal supplement doses lack safety data. You'll want to discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
What does this product actually do?
Rosemary is possibly effective for memory. Pumpkin seed oil is possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia—enlarged prostate. The other ingredients (red palm oil for vitamin A deficiency, and cumin) lack sufficient evidence for most uses in our data. It's worth talking to your healthcare provider about whether any of these match what you're looking for.
Will this product cause side effects?
Rosemary can cause allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, and swelling of the lips and gums in sensitive people. Cumin may cause gastrointestinal upset or, rarely, anaphylaxis. Pumpkin seed oil commonly causes abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Allergic reactions are possible with any of these oils.
Is there anything in this I should know about before I buy it?
This is a 4-ingredient liquid with no fillers listed. If you're on any prescription medication—especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, or lithium—you really do need to check your exact medications with the tool on this page or talk with your pharmacist before you take it.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Power-E label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Power-E’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Rosemary

Interacts with 372 drugs

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...

Read the full Rosemary monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Palm Oil

Interacts with 122 drugs

Palm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vitamin E compounds called tocotrienols. As a food it...

Read the full Palm Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cumin

Interacts with 211 drugs

Cumin is a common cooking spice that has a long history in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints. Food amounts are generally safe for most people, but the evidence for medi...

Read the full Cumin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Power-E's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 47 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Rosemary 20 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  3. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  4. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  5. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  6. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  7. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
  8. Swain AR, Dutton SP, Truswell AS. Salicylates in foods. J Am Diet.Assoc 1985;85(8):950-60. DOI
  9. Zhu BT, Loder DP, Cai MX, et al. Dietary administration of an extract from rosemary leaves enhances the liver microsomal metabolism of endogenous estrogens and decreases their uterotropic action in CD-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1998;19(10):1821-7. PubMed
  10. Debersac P, Heydel JM, Amiot MJ, et al. Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(9):907-18. PubMed
  11. Debersac P, Vernevaut MF, Amiot MJ, et al. Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(2):109-17. PubMed
  12. Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lee JH, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from Rosmarinus officinalis. Planta Med 2007;73(2):121-7.
  13. Yamamoto J, Yamada K, Naemura A, et al. Testing various herbs for antithrombotic effect. Nutrition 2005;21(5):580-7. PubMed
  14. Naemura A, Ura M, Yamashita T, et al. Long-term intake of rosemary and common thyme herbs inhibits experimental thrombosis without prolongation of bleeding time. Thromb Res 2008;122(4):517-22. PubMed
  15. Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lim Y, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. Vascul Pharmacol 2006;45:148-53. PubMed
  16. Bakirel, T., Bakirel, U., Keles, O. U., Ulgen, S. G., and Yardibi, H. In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol 2-28-2008;116(1):64-73. PubMed
  17. Erenmemisoglu, A., Saraymen, R., and Ustun, S. Effect of a Rosmarinus officinalis leave extract on plasma glucose levels in normoglycaemic and diabetic mice. Pharmazie 1997;52(8):645-646.
  18. Valones MAA, Silva ICG, Gueiros LAM, Leão JC, Caldas AF Jr, Carvalho AAT. Clinical assessment of rosemary-based toothpaste (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.): A randomized controlled double-blind study. Braz Dent J. 2019;30(2):146-151. PubMed
  19. Quirarte-Báez SM, Zamora-Perez AL, Reyes-Estrada CA, et al. A shortened treatment with rosemary tea (rosmarinus officinalis) instead of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (TSD). J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2019;26(4):e18-e28.
  20. Al Jamal A. Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on lipid profiles and blood glucose in human diabetic patients (type-2). African J. Biochem. Res. 2014;8(8):147-50. DOI

See these in context on the Rosemary monograph →

Palm Oil 12 references
  1. Radhika MS, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ramalakshmi BA. Red palm oil supplementation: a feasible diet-based approach to improve vitamin A status of pregnant women and their infants. Food Nutr Bull 2003;24:208-17.
  2. Zagre NM, Delpeuch F, Traissac P, Delisle H. Red palm oil as a source of vitamin A for mothers and children: impact of a pilot project in Burkina Faso. Public Health Nutr 2003;6:733-42. PubMed
  3. Lietz G, Henry CJ, Mulokozi G, et al. Comparison of the effects of supplemental red palm oil and sunflower oil on maternal vitamin A status. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:501-9. PubMed
  4. Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Oubina P, Rodenas S, et al. Platelet aggregation, thromboxane production and thrombogenic ratio in postmenopausal women consuming high oleic acid-sunflower oil or palmolein. Eur J Nutr 2003:42:299-306. PubMed
  5. Vega-Lopez, S., Ausman, L. M., Jalbert, S. M., Erkkila, A. T., and Lichtenstein, A. H. Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter lipoprotein profiles compared with soybean and canola oils in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Cli
  6. Cater, N. B., Heller, H. J., and Denke, M. A. Comparison of the effects of medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm oil, and high oleic acid sunflower oil on plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in humans. Am.J Clin.Nutr PubMed
  7. Fattore E, Bosetti C, Brighenti F, et al. Palm oil and blood lipid-related markers of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:1331-50. PubMed
  8. Sun Y, Neelakantan N, Wu Y, et al. Palm oil consumption increases LDL cholesterol compared with vegetable oils low in saturated fat in a meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Nutr 2015;145:1549-58. PubMed
  9. Chen BK, Seligman B, Farquhar JW, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD. Multi-Country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development: 1980-1997. Global Health 2011;7:45. PubMed
  10. Voon PT, Lee ST, Ng TKW, et al. Intake of palm olein and lipid status in healthy adults: a meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2019;10(4):647-59. PubMed
  11. Wang F, Zhao D, Yang Y, Zhang L. Effect of palm oil consumption on plasma lipid concentrations related to cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2019;28(3):495-506.
  12. Hisham MDB, Aziz Z, Huin WK, Teoh CH, Jamil AHA. The effects of palm oil on serum lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2020;29(3):523-536.

See these in context on the Palm Oil monograph →

Cumin 10 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Anliker, M. D., Borelli, S., and Wuthrich, B. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from spices in a butcher: a new presentation of the mugwort-spice syndrome. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):72-74. PubMed
  3. Dhandapani, S., Subramanian, V. R., Rajagopal, S., and Namasivayam, N. Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol.Res 2002;46(3):251-255. PubMed
  4. Sachin, B. S., Sharma, S. C., Sethi, S., Tasduq, S. A., Tikoo, M. K., Tikoo, A. K., Satti, N. K., Gupta, B. D., Suri, K. A., Johri, R. K., and Qazi, G. N. Herbal modulation of drug bioavailability: enhancement of rifampicin levels in plasma by herbal pro
  5. Jagtap, A. G. and Patil, P. B. Antihyperglycemic activity and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by Cuminum cyminum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 5-6-2010; PubMed
  6. Srivastava, K. C. Extracts from two frequently consumed spices--cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)--inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1989;3 PubMed
  7. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  8. Boxer, M., Roberts, M., and Grammer, L. Cumin anaphylaxis: a case report. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1997;99(5):722-723. PubMed
  9. Karimian J, Farrokhzad A, Jalili C. The effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021;35(8):4127-4135.
  10. Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Faghfouri AH, Anbari M, et al. The effects of Cuminum cyminum on glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;281:114510. PubMed

See these in context on the Cumin monograph →

Pumpkin 5 references
  1. Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. DOI
  2. Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:549721. PubMed
  3. Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int 2015;94(3):286-95 PubMed
  4. Assouly P. Hair loss associated with cucurbit poisoning. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 May 1;154(5):617-618. PubMed
  5. Gawryjolek J, Ludwig H, Zbikowska-Götz M, Bartuzi Z, Krogulska A. Anaphylaxis after consumption of pumpkin seeds in a 2-y-old child tolerant to its pulp: A case study. Nutrition 2021;89:111272. PubMed

See these in context on the Pumpkin monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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