Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Vitamatic

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor is a dietary supplement by Vitamatic with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,023 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bladderwrack, Sodium, Burdock. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Bladderwrack” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Burdock” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Irish Sea Moss” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,750 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 4 active ingredients: sodium, bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus whole plant extract), burdock root extract, and Irish Sea Moss Extract. Sodium is an essential electrolyte but is present here as a supplement source.

Bladderwrack is a brown seaweed rich in iodine; burdock is a root traditionally used in herbal medicine. The product also contains inactive ingredients including glucose syrup, dextrose, pectin, sodium citrate, citric acid, spinach powder, and natural flavors.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).

The product facts include effectiveness ratings only for sodium and bladderwrack. Sodium is rated likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity (kidney damage from a specific antifungal drug); for bipolar disorder, congestive heart failure, and other uses listed, the evidence is insufficient to rate.

Bladderwrack's effectiveness is rated insufficient for acne, aging skin, breast cancer, common cold, and atopic dermatitis (eczema). No effectiveness data are on file for burdock root extract or Irish Sea Moss Extract in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Fucus Vesiculosus Burdock

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated in normal dietary amounts up to the recommended intake level, but excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. Avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Bladderwrack may be unsafe orally due to its variable and high iodine content, which can cause goiter, overactive or underactive thyroid, and (rarely) thyroid cancer; it can also concentrate heavy metals. Burdock is likely safe as a food and for short-term use in healthy adults, though human safety data are limited; rare allergic reactions including contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis have been reported.

One case of liver disease has been reported with herbal products containing burdock, though it's unclear whether burdock was responsible.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Fucus Vesiculosus Burdock

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Burdock, Fucus Vesiculosus, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,024 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before taking this product: lithium (Major risk of altered levels and toxicity or loss of effect); antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), corticosteroids, and thyroid-related drugs — all Moderate risk; blood thinners (anticoagulants/antiplatelets); and medications processed through your liver's CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 pathways — all Moderate to Minor risk.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is primarily a sodium and iodine supplement via bladderwrack, making it a poor fit for anyone taking lithium, blood pressure medications, thyroid drugs, or amiodarone. If you take any prescription medication — especially for the heart, thyroid, or blood clotting — check it against the interaction tool on this page before taking these gummies.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether sea moss supplementation makes sense for you and what dose, if any, is right for your health.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 21, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Vitamatic
Barcode (UPC) 810078471318
Net contents 60 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 21, 2023
DSLD ID 283079
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
810078471318
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Sugar3 Gram(s)--
Sodium6 mg2%
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)6%
Bladderwrack1000 mg--
Burdock250 mg--
Burdock root extract25 mg--
Bladderwrack whole plant extract20 mg--
Irish Sea Moss1750 mg--
Irish Sea Moss Extract87.5 mg--

Other ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Dextrose, Pectin, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Spinach, Powder, natural Strawberry flavor, natural Blueberry flavor, natural Raspberry flavor, Vegetable Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, chew 2 gummies daily with 8 to 12 oz of water or as directed by your healthcare provider.

Formulation

No preservatives, soy free, no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners.

Gluten free Non GMO

Plant based

Vegan

Precautions

Caution: Consult with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, or planning any medical procedures.

Do not use it if the safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not exceed the recommended dose. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.

Storage

Store in a cool and dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

GMP Certified

Formula

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg per serving

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

3 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
6 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Bladderwrack

Interacts with
891 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin. There is l...

Bladderwrack monograph & interactions

Burdock

Interacts with
122 drugs
250 mg per serving

Burdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and mo...

Burdock monograph & interactions

Irish Sea Moss

1750 mg per serving
  • › Irish Sea Moss Extract

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Dextrose, Pectin, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Spinach, Powder, Natural Strawberry flavor, Natural Blueberry flavor, Natural Raspberry flavor, Vegetable Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,023Drugs
344 Moderate 679 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Burdock 122

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bladderwrack9 drug types · 891 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, combining Fucus vesiculosus with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus and lithium has resulted in hyperthyroidism.
There is a case of hyperthyroidism occurring in a patient taking Fucus vesiculosus and lithium. Monitor thyroid hormones closely in patients taking lithium and Fucus vesiculosus concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using thyroid hormone could alter the effects of thyroid hormone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro evidence suggests that a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, known as fucoidan, has anticoagulant effects. However, in clinical research, fucoidan does not seem to have significant anticoagulant activity when taken orally, possibly due to poor absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C8 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C8. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C9 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C9. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, both inhibits and induces CYP2D6. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP3A4. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Burdock1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor, from the product label.

Vitamatic

See all Vitamatic products
Name
Vitamatic
Street Address
PO Box 406
City
Raritan
State
NJ
ZipCode
08869
Phone Number
1-973-400-9165
Web Address
www.vitamaticusa.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic: Common Questions

Does Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor by Vitamatic interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor has a known interaction with 1,023 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Sodium is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and likely safe in lactation. Bladderwrack is rated possibly unsafe in both — its high iodine can disrupt the baby's thyroid during pregnancy and passes into breast milk, potentially affecting the baby's thyroid after birth. Burdock safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding are not on file. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
What is bladderwrack and why is it in these gummies?
Bladderwrack is a brown seaweed that contains high amounts of iodine. It's included in sea moss products as part of the mineral content, but its iodine level can vary widely and may disrupt thyroid function, especially in people taking thyroid medications or lithium.
Can I take these gummies if I have high blood pressure?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Sodium can reduce how well blood pressure medications work, so adding a sodium supplement when you're already on a blood pressure drug could make your control worse. Your doctor needs to know before you start.
What are the most common side effects from bladderwrack?
The most common are goiter (swelling of the thyroid), overactive thyroid, and underactive thyroid — all related to its iodine content. Rare but serious reactions include thyroid cancer and, in one case, heart rhythm problems.
Are these gummies necessary or beneficial during pregnancy?
There is no data on file saying bladderwrack or the other ingredients in this product are needed or beneficial in pregnancy. The safety profile during pregnancy is either possibly unsafe or unknown, so avoid taking them without your doctor's specific guidance.
What if I'm already getting enough iodine from salt or my diet?
Bladderwrack adds significant extra iodine on top of what you eat. Too much iodine can cause or worsen thyroid problems, goiter, or overactive thyroid. If you eat a normal diet with iodized salt, you likely don't need more iodine from a supplement — talk to your doctor before adding it.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Sea Moss Gummies 3000 mg Natural Raspberry Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
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  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Fucus Vesiculosus 15 references
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Burdock 11 references
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  7. Breed, F. B. and Kuwabara, T. Burdock ophthalmia. Arch Ophthalmol 1966;75(1):16-20.
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  10. Latif A, Fichadiya H, Abid F, Capo G. Herbal Teas and Thrombocytopenia: A Curious Case of Yellow Dock and Burdock-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022;9(3):003247. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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