Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Sea Moss Gummies Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Double Wood Supplements

Sea Moss Gummies label
See full label image
Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Sea Moss Gummies against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Sea Moss Gummies is a dietary supplement by Double Wood Supplements with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,023 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bladderwrack, Sodium, Burdock. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Burdock” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Bladderwrack” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Irish Sea Moss” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,750 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product has 4 active ingredients: sodium, burdock root extract, bladderwrack, and Irish sea moss. Sodium is an essential mineral, though most people get enough from food.

Burdock root extract comes from the burdock plant root, and the other two are seaweed sources — traditional sea vegetables used in herbal practice. The product also contains inactive ingredients (fillers and binders) including glucose syrup, sugar, pectin, flavoring, and carnauba wax to give the gummies their texture and taste.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: immune support and gut health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Pharyngitis, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Acne, Canker sores, Digestive health — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Burdock is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Acne (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Burdock is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Common cold, Atopic dermatitis (eczema).
  • Also on file: Sodium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Pharyngitis, Canker sores.

The effectiveness data in our system address sodium's uses, not the seaweed or burdock ingredients in this product. Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for amphotericin B kidney damage — but you wouldn't take this gummy for those conditions; a doctor would prescribe sodium under medical supervision if needed.

For the other active ingredients' intended purposes, the evidence we hold isn't established or is insufficient to rate.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Burdock Fucus Vesiculosus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated in moderation at normal dietary amounts — but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. The safety notes are clear: normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without talking to your doctor first.

Check with your doctor before supplementing, especially if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease. Burdock root extract is likely safe when eaten as a food and for short-term use in healthy adults, though human safety data are limited.

Rare allergic reactions including contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis have been reported. Burdock should be avoided during pregnancy due to lack of safety data and possible effects on the uterus, and avoided during breastfeeding due to insufficient safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Burdock Fucus Vesiculosus

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Burdock, Fucus Vesiculosus, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,024 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting these gummies, double-check with your pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs) — sodium can reduce their effectiveness. Also verify if you're on lithium, corticosteroids, blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs, didanosine, sodium phosphate, or tolvaptan.

No other interactions are documented for the ingredients we could check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, blood thinners, or any other medication, check it with your pharmacist before using these gummies — sodium intake matters for how many drugs work. Burdock root extract adds a theoretical bleeding risk if you're on antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Sea Moss Gummies, straight from the product label.

Brand Double Wood Supplements
Barcode (UPC) 850033272055
Net contents 60 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2024
DSLD ID 315694
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
850033272055
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Sodium6 mg2%
Total Sugars3 Gram(s)--
Total Carbohydrate4 Gram(s)1%
added Sugar3 Gram(s)6%
Burdock root extract25 mg--
Burdock250 mg--
Bladderwrack1000 mg--
Irish Sea Moss1750 mg--
Irish Sea Moss Extract87.5 mg--
Bladderwrack extract20 mg--

Other ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sugar, Sugar, Granulated, Dextrose, Pectin, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Strawberry Flavor, Natural, Vegetable Oil, Raspberry Flavor, Natural, Blueberry Flavor, Natural, Spinach, Powder, Carnauba Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Irish Sea Moss gummies with bladderwrack and burdock root is considered by many to be a superfood due to its makeup of many vitamins and minerals.

Sea Moss Gummies Enhanced with: Bladderwrack & Burdock Root

Formulation

It is commonly used to support gut health and immune health.

Super Food Gut Health Immune Support

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a supplement for immune support and gut health, take 2 gummies per day with or without food.

Storage

Storage: Store in a cool, dark place. Do not freeze or expose to moisture.

Precautions

Warning: Consult your physician before use. Discontinue use and consult your doctor immediately if any adverse reactions occur. Do not use Irish Sea Moss gummies and operate heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not exceed 6 gummies per day.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Sea Moss Gummies label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
6 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Added Sugar

3 Gram(s) per serving

Burdock

Interacts with
122 drugs
250 mg per serving

Burdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and mo...

Burdock monograph & interactions

Bladderwrack

Interacts with
891 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin. There is l...

Bladderwrack monograph & interactions

Irish Sea Moss

1750 mg per serving
  • › Irish Sea Moss Extract

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sugar, Sugar, Granulated, Dextrose, Pectin, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Strawberry Flavor, Natural, Vegetable Oil, Raspberry Flavor, Natural, Blueberry Flavor, Natural, Spinach, Powder, Carnauba Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Sea Moss Gummies?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,023Drugs
344 Moderate 679 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bladderwrack 891
Sodium 205
Burdock 122

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Sea Moss Gummies interact with 1,023 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 5 ingredients in Sea Moss Gummies interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bladderwrack Sodium Burdock

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Sea Moss Gummies with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bladderwrack9 drug types · 891 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, combining Fucus vesiculosus with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus and lithium has resulted in hyperthyroidism.
There is a case of hyperthyroidism occurring in a patient taking Fucus vesiculosus and lithium. Monitor thyroid hormones closely in patients taking lithium and Fucus vesiculosus concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using thyroid hormone could alter the effects of thyroid hormone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro evidence suggests that a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, known as fucoidan, has anticoagulant effects. However, in clinical research, fucoidan does not seem to have significant anticoagulant activity when taken orally, possibly due to poor absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C8 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C8. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C9 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C9. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, both inhibits and induces CYP2D6. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP3A4. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bladderwrack full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Burdock1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Burdock full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Sea Moss Gummies, from the product label.

Double Wood Supplements

See all Double Wood Supplements products
Name
Double Wood LLC
Street Address
3510 Scotts Ln Ste 219
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
ZipCode
19129
Web Address
www.doublewoodsupplements.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements: Common Questions

Does Sea Moss Gummies by Double Wood Supplements interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Sea Moss Gummies has a known interaction with 1,023 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Sea Moss Gummies contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Burdock root extract in this product should be avoided during pregnancy due to lack of safety data and possible effects on the uterus. Sodium pregnancy safety data are mixed. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Burdock root extract is not recommended during breastfeeding — there isn't enough safety information. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product while nursing.
What is burdock root extract for?
Burdock root extract comes from the burdock plant and is used in herbal practice, but the evidence we hold doesn't establish it as effective for specific conditions. It's listed as likely safe when eaten as a food and for short-term use in healthy adults.
Is this safe if I have high blood pressure?
Because this product contains sodium, you should talk with your doctor before taking it. High sodium intake can worsen blood pressure control and may require higher doses of your blood pressure medication.
What are the side effects of sodium in this product?
At normal dietary amounts, sodium is well tolerated. At high intakes, serious rare effects include worsened high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease. The product also carries a caution that high sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.
Why does this gummy contain sodium?
Sodium appears in the product's ingredients — it's present in the sea moss and other components, or added for taste and preservation. One inactive ingredient, sodium citrate, also contributes sodium. Always check the full ingredient and nutrition label.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Sea Moss Gummies label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Sea Moss Gummies’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Burdock

Interacts with 122 drugs

Burdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and most claims are not well proven. It is wid...

Read the full Burdock monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fucus Vesiculosus

Interacts with 891 drugs

Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin. There is little solid human evidence to support mo...

Read the full Fucus Vesiculosus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Sea Moss Gummies's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
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Burdock 11 references
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Fucus Vesiculosus 15 references
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See these in context on the Fucus Vesiculosus monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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