Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 9 of 11 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Ultra Natural Prostate Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Life Extension

Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Ultra Natural Prostate is a dietary supplement by Life Extension with 11 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high cholesterol, enlarged prostate (bph), heart health.Based on those ingredients, 1,364 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are ApresFlex Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) extract, Saw Palmetto CO2 extract, Lycopene. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 8 of its 12 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Enterolactone Precursors Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (20.15 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Saw Palmetto CO2 extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (320 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Pumpkin Oil” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This softgel contains 12 active ingredients focused on prostate health. Beta-sitosterol and pygeum extract are the two main botanicals, both backed by research for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate).

You also get stinging nettle and dwarf nettle extracts, which contribute to the formula's herbal approach. Lycopene (a plant compound from tomatoes) rounds out the botanical blend, alongside boron, saw palmetto extract, flower pollen, pumpkin seed oil, flax lignan, and a Norway spruce extract.

The product also contains inactive ingredients like gelatin, glycerin, sunflower oil, and a few binders and preservatives.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Prostate health and urinary function support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), Non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), Overactive bladder, Prostate enlargement, Lower urinary tract symptoms — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Pygeum is rated "Likely Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beta-sitosterol is rated "Likely Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • Also on file: Boswellia Serrata is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia and possibly effective for lowering cholesterol and reducing heart disease risk. Pygeum extract is likewise likely effective for prostate enlargement.

Lycopene is possibly effective for prostate cancer risk. The other ingredients—boron, stinging nettle, and dwarf nettle—have insufficient evidence in our data to say whether they help with prostate symptoms or other conditions listed.

The formula as a whole has not been tested as one product, so results depend on which ingredient(s) work for you individually.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Beta-sitosterol, pygeum, boron, and the nettle extracts are generally well tolerated when used short-term in normal doses. The most common side effects are digestive: constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, and nausea.

Lycopene can also cause these. One rare case linked beta-sitosterol to pancreatitis, and beta-sitosterol can worsen acne in some people.

If you're pregnant, the safety data advises against beta-sitosterol, pygeum, boron, and the nettles—there isn't enough information to know they're safe. While breastfeeding, avoid beta-sitosterol, pygeum, boron, and the nettles; limited safety data exists for these.

Lycopene in supplement form hasn't been well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding either—talk to your doctor before using if you're pregnant or nursing.

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Boswellia Serrata, Lycopene, Stinging Nettle, Flaxseed.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,362 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with us before taking this product if you use blood thinners like warfarin (Coumadin) or antiplatelet drugs—the nettle extracts and lycopene may reduce their effectiveness or raise bleeding risk. Also double-check if you take diabetes medications, diuretics (water pills), or lithium, as the nettles could have overlapping or intensifying effects.

No other medication interactions are documented for the ingredients we could evaluate.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a multi-ingredient prostate formula aimed at men managing enlarged prostate or prostate health. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, diuretics, or lithium, you need to check your exact medications against our interaction tool first—the nettle extracts here could affect how they work.

Otherwise, it's generally well tolerated but common digestive side effects can happen. Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if you're on prescription medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 22, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Ultra Natural Prostate, straight from the product label.

Brand Life Extension
Barcode (UPC) 737870192862
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 22, 2016
DSLD ID 64891
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
737870192862
IngredientAmount% DV
Phospholipids160 mg--
Beta-Sitosterol180 mg--
Pygeum extract100 mg--
Boron3 mg--
ApresFlex Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) extract70 mg--
Proprietary Enterolactone Precursors Blend20.15 mg--
Stinging Nettle extract0 NP--
Lycopene10 mg--
Stinging And Dwarf Nettle Extracts Blend240 mg--
Dwarf Nettle extract0 NP--
Saw Palmetto CO2 extract320 mg--
Graminex Flower Pollen extract252 mg--
Pumpkin Oil200 mg--
Flax Lignan (seed) extract0 NP--
HMRlignan Norway Spruce extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Sunflower Oil, Beeswax, Maltodextrin, purified Water, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Tricalcium Phosphate, Carob color, Rosemary extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Scan for product info

To report a serious adverse event or obtain product information, contact 1-866-280-2852.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Read the entire label and follow the directions carefully prior to use. Directions: Take two (2) softgels daily divided between morning and evening, with food, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.

Storage

Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

Precautions

Warnings: - Keep out of reach of children.

- Do not exceed recommended dose. - Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.

- When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

AprexFlexis a registered trademark of Laila Nutraceuticals exclusively licensed to PL Thomas – Laila Nutra LLC. U.S. Patent No. 8,551,496 and other patents pending. HMRlignan is a trademark used under sublicense from Linnea S.A. Lyc-O-Mato is a registered trademark of Lycored LTD. Albion is a registered trademark of Albion Laboratories, Inc.

General

QE01928B

Formula

Comprehensive support for aging prostate glands

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension

These are the 11 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Phospholipids

160 mg per serving

Beta-Sitosterol

No known
interactions
180 mg per serving

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Eviden...

Beta-Sitosterol monograph & interactions

Pygeum extract

No known
interactions
100 mg per serving

Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some st...

Pygeum extract monograph & interactions

Boron

No known
interactions
3 mg per serving Form: Albion Bororganic Glycine

Boron is a trace mineral found in many plant foods and sold as a supplement, mainly promoted for bone, joint, and hormone health. The human evidence f...

Boron monograph & interactions
70 mg per serving Form: AKBA

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...

ApresFlex Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) extract monograph & interactions

Proprietary Enterolactone Precursors Blend

20.15 mg per serving
  • › HMRlignan Norway Spruce extract

Lycopene

Interacts with
122 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Lyc-O-Mato natural Tomato extract

Lycopene is a red plant pigment and antioxidant found mainly in tomatoes and other red fruits. Eating lycopene-rich foods is linked with possible hear...

Lycopene monograph & interactions

Stinging And Dwarf Nettle Extracts Blend

240 mg per serving

Saw Palmetto CO2 extract

Interacts with
174 drugs
320 mg per serving Form: Total Fatty Acids

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...

Saw Palmetto CO2 extract monograph & interactions

Graminex Flower Pollen extract

252 mg per serving Form: Rye

Pumpkin Oil

Interacts with
1 drug
200 mg per serving Form: Total Fatty Acids

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...

Pumpkin Oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Sunflower Oil, Beeswax, Maltodextrin, Purified Water, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Tricalcium Phosphate, Carob color, Rosemary extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Ultra Natural Prostate?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,364Drugs
1,364 Moderate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Ultra Natural Prostate with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

ApresFlex Indian Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) extract6 drug types · 952 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Saw Palmetto CO2 extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Lycopene1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research shows that lycopene has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Pumpkin Oil1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Ultra Natural Prostate, from the product label.

Life Extension

See all Life Extension products
Name
Quality Supplements and Vitamins, Inc.
City
Ft. Lauderdale
State
FL
ZipCode
33309
Phone Number
1-866-280-2852
Web Address
LifeExtension.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension: Common Questions

Does Ultra Natural Prostate by Life Extension interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Ultra Natural Prostate has a known interaction with 1,364 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Ultra Natural Prostate contains 11 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this actually help an enlarged prostate?
Beta-sitosterol and pygeum extract, the two main ingredients here, are both likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lycopene is possibly effective for prostate cancer risk. The other ingredients don't have enough evidence in our data to say. Results vary person to person, and this is a blend—how well it works depends on the dose of each ingredient and how your body responds.
What's the most common side effect?
Digestive upset—constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, or nausea—shows up in the safety data for several ingredients, especially beta-sitosterol and lycopene. Most people tolerate it fine, and these are generally mild.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
No. Beta-sitosterol, pygeum, boron, and the nettle extracts all have insufficient safety data in pregnancy, and the data we hold advises against them. Lycopene supplements also haven't been well studied in pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before considering any prostate supplement while pregnant.
What's in this that I should know about?
The active ingredients are botanical extracts (nettle, pygeum, saw palmetto, flower pollen) plus lycopene, boron, and various plant oils and lignans. The capsule itself is gelatin-based. If you're sensitive to any of these plants, let your pharmacist know.
Will this interact with my blood pressure or heart medication?
The ingredients we checked have no documented interactions with blood pressure or heart medications in our data. That said, if you take blood thinners, you do need to check first—the nettle extracts contain vitamin K and could interfere. Run your exact medications through our interaction tool to be sure.
Is this safe to take long-term?
Beta-sitosterol and pygeum are noted as generally well tolerated short-term, and quality or long-term safety data are limited for both. The same goes for the nettle extracts. There's no long-term safety data in our facts for this combination as a whole, so talk to your doctor about how long you plan to use it.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Ultra Natural Prostate is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Ultra Natural Prostate label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Ultra Natural Prostate’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-sitosterol

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Evidence is moderate for these uses and weaker...

Read the full Beta-sitosterol monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Pygeum

Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...

Read the full Pygeum monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Boron

Boron is a trace mineral found in many plant foods and sold as a supplement, mainly promoted for bone, joint, and hormone health. The human evidence for most of these uses is limited or prel...

Read the full Boron monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Boswellia Serrata

Interacts with 952 drugs

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...

Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Lycopene

Interacts with 122 drugs

Lycopene is a red plant pigment and antioxidant found mainly in tomatoes and other red fruits. Eating lycopene-rich foods is linked with possible heart and prostate benefits, but evidence fr...

Read the full Lycopene monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Stinging Nettle

Interacts with 164 drugs

Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...

Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Flaxseed

Interacts with 597 drugs

Flaxseed is a nutritious food rich in fiber, omega-3 fats (ALA), and plant compounds called lignans. It is most reliably helpful for constipation and may modestly lower cholesterol, but evid...

Read the full Flaxseed monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Ultra Natural Prostate's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 129 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-sitosterol 7 references
  1. Berges RR, Windeler J, Trampisch HJ, et al. Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Beta-sitosterol Study Group. Lancet 1995;345:1529-32.
  2. Klippel KF, Hiltl DM, Schipp B. A multicentric, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Urol 1997;80:427-32.
  3. Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Ishani A. beta-sitosterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. BJU Int 1999;83:976-83. PubMed
  4. Oster P, Schlierf G, Heuck CC, et al. [Sitosterol in familial hyperlipoproteinemia type II. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1976;101:1308-11.
  5. Becker M, Staab D, Von Bergman K. Long-term treatment of severe familial hypercholesterolemia in children: effect of sitosterol and bezafibrate. Pediatrics 1992;89:138-42. DOI
  6. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
  7. Lorenze A, Hsueh W, Nasr J. Beta-sitosterol-induced acute pancreatitis: A case report and review of the literature. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7407. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-sitosterol monograph →

Pygeum 3 references
  1. Ishani A, MacDonald R, Nelson D, et al. Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Am J Med 2000;109:654-64.. PubMed
  2. Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R, et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;CD001044.. PubMed
  3. Andro M and Riffaud J. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res 1995;56(8):796-817. DOI

See these in context on the Pygeum monograph →

Boron 6 references
  1. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  3. Thai L, Hart LL. Boric acid vaginal suppositories. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1355-7.
  4. Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93:55-6. PubMed
  5. Garabrant, D. H., Bernstein, L., Peters, J. M., and Smith, T. J. Respiratory and eye irritation from boron oxide and boric acid dusts. J Occup Med 1984;26(8):584-586. PubMed
  6. Hjelm C, Harari F, Vahter M. Pre- and postnatal environmental boron exposure and infant growth: results from a mother-child cohort in northern Argentina. Environ Res 2019;171:60-8. PubMed

See these in context on the Boron monograph →

Boswellia Serrata 16 references
  1. Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
  4. Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
  5. Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
  6. Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
  7. Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R85.
  8. Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and Aflapin against osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study. Int J Med Sci 2010;7:366-77.
  9. Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ 2008;337:a2813. PubMed
  10. Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, et al. Boswellia serratea extract acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Cancer 2011;117:3788-95.
  11. Frank A, Unger M. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006;111 PubMed
  12. Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, et al. Coupling of boswellic acid-incuded Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:223-32.
  13. El Fortia, M., Badi, H., Elalem, Kh, Kadiki, O., and Topov, Y. Olibanum bezoar: complication of a traditional popular medicine. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(6):927-929.
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Stinging Nettle 23 references
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Lycopene 10 references
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Saw Palmetto 22 references
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Pumpkin 5 references
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Flaxseed 37 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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