Drug & supplement interaction

Borage + Aminoglutethimide

Aminoglutethimide brand name: Cytadren.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Borage has a moderate interaction with Aminoglutethimide. Theoretically, taking borage with drugs that induce CYP3A4 might increase levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) toxic metabolites.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Borage and Aminoglutethimide

Here is the interaction we found between these two, with the evidence behind it.

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) INDUCERS

Why this applies to Aminoglutethimide

Aminoglutethimide falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) INDUCERS — the group Borage interacts with.

Theoretically, taking borage with drugs that induce CYP3A4 might increase levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) toxic metabolites.
Although borage seed oil contains little to no PAs, some borage plant parts, such as the leaf, flower, and seed, can contain hepatotoxic PAs. Hepatotoxic PAs are substrates of CYP3A4, which converts these chemicals into toxic metabolites. Tell patients to avoid borage preparations that are not certified and labeled as hepatotoxic PA-free.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the angle to focus on with this pairing. Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) is a strong inducer of a liver enzyme called CYP3A4, meaning it speeds that enzyme up. That same enzyme is what turns the natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) found in some borage plant parts into liver-damaging byproducts. So in theory, having more active CYP3A4 on board could mean more of those toxic metabolites forming, putting extra stress on your liver.

I want to be honest that this concern is theoretical and based on lab data, not real-world cases. The bigger, simpler safeguard: only use borage products clearly labeled PA-free (most quality seed oils are). Please loop in your doctor or pharmacist before combining these, since aminoglutethimide already affects the liver and hormones.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Chojkier M. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Hepatol 2003;39:437-46. PubMed
  2. Wang YP, Yan J, Fu PP, Chou MW. Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid. Toxicol Lett 2005;155:411-20. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Borage Also Interacts With Other Medications

Borage has 225 moderate known drug interactions in our database — the Aminoglutethimide one above is one of them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 225 No known interaction 2,605 (incl. Aminoglutethimide)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Borage

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Borage. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Aminoglutethimide

This page covers Borage only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Aminoglutethimide page lists 134 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: 1,4-butanediol (major), Activated Charcoal (major), Beer (major), Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) (major) and Henbane (major).

By severity: 9 major · 108 moderate · 17 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Aminoglutethimide page

“Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) suppresses adrenal hormone output, and marked drowsiness is one of its hallmark side effects, which is exactly where most of its supplement interactions strike. Of the 134 ingredients on file, 78 add their own sedation, and that group holds most of the 9 major-rated entries; alcohol is the best studied, and…”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Aminoglutethimide interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Borage as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 122 real supplement products containing Borage, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Borage. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Aminoglutethimide too, on top of Borage — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Borage and Aminoglutethimide Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Borage
Top 25%

#354 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Aminoglutethimide
Steady interest

#2,008 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Borage

What is Borage?

Borage
  • Eczema and dry skin
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Inflammation
  • Respiratory complaints
  • Mood and stress

Borage is a Mediterranean herb whose seed oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid studied mostly for skin conditions and arthritis with mixed results. The plant's leaves and flowers can contain liver-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so only use products clearly labeled 'PA-free' and talk to your pharmacist or doctor before taking it.

Read the full Borage monograph & all interactions
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Borage

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Borage — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
225Moderate
0Minor
2,604No known interaction
225 Moderate 2,604 No interaction
Moderate

225 interactions

Showing 60 of 225 moderate interactions — see all 225 on the Borage page.

No interaction 2,604 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Borage against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 2,604 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Borage list.

See the full Borage interactions page
See every supplement checked against Aminoglutethimide, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Borage monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Aminoglutethimide supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Aminoglutethimide, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Borage and Aminoglutethimide Together: Common Questions

Can you take Borage with Aminoglutethimide?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
How serious is the Borage and Aminoglutethimide interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Aminoglutethimide and Borage?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.