12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by VPX
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon is a dietary supplement by VPX with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for morning sickness in pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome (pms), preventing or treating b6 deficiency.Based on those ingredients, 243 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin B6, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon is a 7-ingredient powder designed as a pre-workout supplement. The two active ingredients we have data on are vitamin B6, essential for nerve and brain function, and sodium, which your body needs for fluid balance and muscle contraction.
The other active ingredients—a proprietary muscle-volumizing and amino-acid blend, a power and endurance matrix, an energy and fat-burning technology component, and a carbohydrate blend—are listed under brand names but we hold no detailed interaction data for them. The product also contains inactive ingredients (excipients) including malic acid, natural and artificial flavors, citric acid, sucralose, and acesulfame potassium.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
Vitamin B6 in this product is effective for sideroblastic anemia and B6 deficiency, likely effective for high homocysteine levels, and possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. It's also effective for a rare genetic seizure disorder called pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.
We have no effectiveness data in our records for the other active ingredients in this product.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin B6 is well tolerated at doses under 100 mg daily, but high doses over time can damage nerves (sensory neuropathy), especially at daily doses exceeding 1,000 mg or cumulative intakes of 1,000 grams or more—though neuropathy can occur at lower doses too. Common side effects include headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and heartburn.
Sodium is essential but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart and kidney strain; the safety data advise avoiding sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding: vitamin B6 is rated likely safe in pregnancy when used at recommended levels, though one rating notes it's possibly unsafe—talk with your doctor or pharmacist about doses for morning sickness.
It's rated likely safe during breastfeeding. Sodium is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation at normal dietary amounts, though possibly unsafe at high intake; we hold no pregnancy or breastfeeding data for the other ingredients in this product.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs) interact with both vitamin B6 and sodium at Moderate severity—B6 may add to their effect, while sodium may reduce it. Heart rhythm drugs like amiodarone, seizure medications like phenobarbital and phenytoin, and the mood stabilizer lithium also have Moderate interactions with one or both ingredients.
If you take any of these, check your exact medications before using this product.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a pre-workout supplement with vitamin B6 and sodium as its two checked active ingredients. If you take blood pressure medications, a heart rhythm drug, seizure medications, lithium, or an HIV medication, check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before starting.
Talk with your pharmacist if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or considering high-dose supplementation.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 2 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon, straight from the product label.
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 16 {Calories} | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 4 g | 2% |
| Vitamin B6 | 100 mcg | 5% |
| Sodium | 5 mg | -- |
| Folate | 40 mcg | 10% |
| Proprietary Muscle Volumizing, NO2, Insulinotrophic & Amino Acid Blend | 5752 mg | -- |
| Power, Speed, Strength and Endurance Matrix | 1315 mg | -- |
| Friction Energy & Meltdown Fat Oxidation Technology | 500 mg | -- |
| Carbonx Novel High Molecular Weight Carb Blend | 4000 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Malic Acid, Natural and Artificial flavors, Citric Acid Anhydrous, Sucralean brand Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Physiological Function: Rapid ATP Resynthesis, CNS Stimulator, Increases Whole Body Creatine Retention & Intramuscular Carnosine, pH Stabilizer/Fatigue Inhibitor, Blood-Engorging Muscle Matrix, Explosive Power & Intense Energy!
- Unparalleled Training Intensity, Mental Acuity & Focus - Increases Whole Body Creatine Retention - Muscle Fullness & Blood-Engorged Pumps - Strength, Power, Endurance 7 Recuperation - Crisp, Water-Free Muscle Separation - Blood Flow & Nitric Oxide (N.O.) Levels
- 1,3 DMAA Free! - Fully Dosed, Researched-Backed (1,300+ Studies) Amounts of Creatine
Product contains heat and moisture sensitive materials which can cause clumping and settling. SHAKE WELL BEFORE OPENING.
NEW 12 GAUGE FORMULA
{4 red shotgun shells}
According to the NIH's biomedical database, a search of 'creatine supplementation' turns up over 1,300 plus scientific studies. When combined with resistance training and a sensible diet.
BEST BY DATE ON BOTTOM
Brand IP Statement(s)
Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF) Igniter! 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) and FRICTION(TM) are the only products in the world to contain VPX's Patent Pending Covalently Bonded Creatine/Leucine Peptide! The NEW 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) delivers the extreme mental acuity and intense energy required for explosive workouts in they gym and on the field. Increases in Myogenic Regulatory Factors up to 515% are proven by a study conducted at Baylor University on VPX's original NO-Shotgun(R) MHF-1(TM) formula. This same foundational University Proven Science has been used to develop the NEW cutting-edge 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) formula. 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) with caution. While similar products may require 3 scoops (servings), it is strictly prohibited and unnecessary to use more than one serving of 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) due to its extreme potency. The all new 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) has a far more powerful stimulant and "pump" or muscle volumizing effect than it's predecessor, NO-SHOTGUN(R) MHF-1(TM). Therefore, some individuals who did not desire such a powerful stimulant or muscle pump effect may still prefer the original NO-SHOTGUN(R) MHF-1(TM) - a scientific breakthrough backed by three studies at Baylor University and Florida State University. WHY USE 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R)?
- Patent Pending Convalex(TM) Covalently Bonded Creatine/Leucine Peptide
CARBONX(TM) REVOLUTIONARY SUPER CARB MATRIX(TM)
COVALEX(TM) PATENT PENDING COVALENT BONDED CREATINE{image}GLUTAMINE PEPTIDE!
COP(R) Creatinol-O-Phosphate
NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS
For maximum results VPX recommends the following stacking strategy: Combine 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) with the CARBONX(TM) Super Carb Matrix pre-workout for rapid ATP Resynthesis, enhanced performance, and endurance. Sip POWER SHOCK(TM) Amino Acid Nitrates during your workout for increased protein synthesis. Then, drink NO-SYNTHESIZE(R) - post-workout. This supplement strategy represents the most advanced muscle building and performance-enhancing research! This protocol WAS developed by Jack Owoc allows you to take advantage of the pre-, post-, and intra-workout windows for increases in muscle gene proteins and protein synthesis. you can learn more detail by reading Jack Owoc's new book: MELTDOWN(R) and using the new VIVO 360(0) workout, nutrition, and supplement smart phone app.
(C)2012 VITAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Precautions
Tested athletes must contact their governing organization prior to using this product. Tested athletes and consumers assume total liability if product is used in a manner inconsistent with the label guidelines. Do not purchase if safety seal is broken or missing.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
Manufactured in a facility that processes milk, egg, soy, wheat, and shellfish.
Caution: As with all dietary supplements, do not use this product if you are pregnant or nursing or have a medical condition. This product contains caffeine and should not be used with any other caffeine and/or stimulant containing products. This product is intended for use by healthy individuals only. Warning Statement: Too much caffeine may cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, and, occasionally, rapid heartbeat.
Not recommended for use by children under 18 years of age.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
Muscle energetic compounds within 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) may cause a tingling sensation in lips and skin. Contains no Niacin. Drink an additional one half (1/2) ounce of water for each pound of weight.
Storage
Store container between 15(0)C to 25(0)C (59(0)F to 77(0)F).
Formulation
1,3 DMAA FREE
Formula
AGMATINE 500mg
28 ULTRA POTENT SERVINGS
One serving of 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) provides 250 mg of caffeine which is less than three cups of coffee.
FDA Statement of Identity
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
RECOMMENDED USE: Do not use 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) with REDLINE(R), FRICTION(TM), MELTDOWN(R), or any other products containing caffeine or other stimulants. Mix one scoop of 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) with 8 to 10 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. Start with 1/2 to 3/4 scoops to assess tolerance. Drink 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) 30-45 minutes prior to any type of athletic event or resistance training. Unlike other pre-workout supplements which may require several scoops, 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN(R) is extremely powerful and requires only one scoop.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
General
V001
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size7 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container28 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsSodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsFolate
Proprietary Muscle Volumizing, NO2, Insulinotrophic & Amino Acid Blend
Power, Speed, Strength and Endurance Matrix
Friction Energy & Meltdown Fat Oxidation Technology
Carbonx Novel High Molecular Weight Carb Blend
Other (inactive) ingredients: Malic Acid, Natural and Artificial flavors, Citric Acid Anhydrous, Sucralean brand Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX contains vitamin B6 and sodium, both of which interact with medications.
Vitamin B6's most serious documented interaction is Moderate severity with antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications)—it may add to their blood-pressure-lowering effect, potentially causing your pressure to drop too far.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Sodium also interacts with antihypertensive drugs at Moderate severity by potentially reducing how well they work. Additionally, sodium has Moderate interactions with corticosteroids (a class of anti-inflammatory steroids), lithium (a mood stabilizer), didanosine (an HIV medication), sodium phosphate (a bowel-prep agent), tolvaptan (a sodium-regulating drug), and other sodium-containing drugs—mainly raising the risk of high sodium levels in your blood.
Vitamin B6 also carries Moderate interactions with amiodarone (a heart rhythm drug, where it may worsen sun sensitivity), phenobarbital and phenytoin (seizure medications, where high doses may reduce their effectiveness), and a Minor interaction with levodopa (a Parkinson's medication, though this doesn't occur if you're also taking carbidopa). We could not check folate or the proprietary blends in this product.
Altogether, these interactions span 243 individual medications. Before starting this product, run your exact medications through the checker on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon interact with 243 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 7 ingredients in 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin B6 Sodium
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acebutolol interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Acebutolol interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acetazolamide interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Acetazolamide interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Aliskiren interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aliskiren interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Ambrisentan interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amiloride interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmiodaroneCordarone, Pacerone
How Amiodarone interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Amiodarone (cordarone) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amiodarone interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besilate interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine Besylate interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Ammonium Chloride interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Ammonium Chloride interactionAprobarbital, Butabarbital, PhenobarbitalTriple Barbital
How Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aprocitentan interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Aprocitentan interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, PhenobarbitalPhenaphen
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, PhenobarbitalHypnaldyne
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, ScopolamineBarbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine interactionAtropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, PhenobarbitalBarbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
How Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital interactionAtropine, PhenobarbitalAnthrocol
How Atropine, Phenobarbital interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Phenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Atropine, Phenobarbital interactionAzelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone PropionateDymista
How Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate interactionAzilsartanEdarbi
How Azilsartan interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Azilsartan interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Azilsartan interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionSodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBeclometasone DipropionateBecotide
How Beclometasone Dipropionate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Beclometasone Dipropionate interactionBeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril
How Beclomethasone interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Beclomethasone interactionBeclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar
How Beclomethasone Dipropionate interacts with 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Beclomethasone Dipropionate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon, from the product label.
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon by VPX: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind 12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographSodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph →Sources & How We Checked
12 Gauge Shotgun Watermelon's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 70 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin B6 32 references
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- Geerling BJ, Dagnelie PC, Badart-Smook A, et al. Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1008-13. PubMed
- South M. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use -- reply. Lancet 1999;354:2083. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Baxter P, Aicardi J. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use. Lancet 1999;354:2082-3. PubMed
- Bendich A, Cohen M. Vitamin B6 safety issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:321-30.
- Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A. Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983;309:445-8. PubMed
- Gordon N. Pyridoxine dependency: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:63-5. PubMed
- Lewis PJ. Pain in the hand and wrist. Pyridoxine supplements may help patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMJ 1995;310:1534. PubMed
- Kaufman G. Pyridoxine against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity (letter). Lancet 1984;1:51-2. PubMed
- Mulrow JP, Mulrow CD, McKenna WJ. Pyridoxine and amiodarone-induced photosensitivity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:68-9. PubMed
- Kawada A, Kashima A, Shiraishi H, et al. Pyridoxine-induced photosensitivity and hypophosphatasia. Dermatology 2000;201:356-60.. PubMed
- Vasile A, Goldberg R, Kornberg B. Pyridoxine toxicity: report of a case. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1984;83:790-1. DOI
- Hansson O, Sillanpaa M. Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. Lancet 1976;1:256. DOI
- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Hatzitolios, A., Iliadis, F., Katsiki, N., and Baltatzi, M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based? A systematic review. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2008;30(7):628-639. PubMed
- Vasdev, S., Ford, C. A., Parai, S., Longerich, L., and Gadag, V. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1999;200(1-2):155-162.
- de, Vogel S., Dindore, V., van, Engeland M., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. J Nutr 2008;138(12):2372-2378. PubMed
- Hagen, I., Nesheim, B. I., and Tuntland, T. No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1985;64(8):667-670. PubMed
- Aybak, M., Sermet, A., Ayyildiz, M. O., and Karakilcik, A. Z. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(12):1271-1273.
- Lal, K. J., Dakshinamurti, K., and Thliveris, J. The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996;14(3):355-363. PubMed
- Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, Bohnert K, and Schmidt U. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomed 1997;4(3):183-189. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
- Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2012;43(6):1572-7. PubMed
- Hoyer-Kuhn H, Kohbrok S, Volland R, Franklin J, Hero B, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: first prospective trial after 40 years of practice. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Mar;9(3):468-77. PubMed
- Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of levetiracetam-induced behavioral side effects by pyridoxine. A randomized double blind controlled study. Pediatr Neurol 2021;119:15-21. PubMed
- Gupta M, Gallante B, Bamberger JN, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of idiopathic hyperoxaluria treatments. J Endourol 2021;35(12):1844-1851. PubMed
- Li H, Chen M, Liang S, et al. Excessive vitamin B6 during treatment is related to poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A U-shaped distribution suggests low dose supplement. Clin Nutr 2021;40(4):2293-2300. PubMed
- Tanigawa J, Nabatame S, Tominaga K, et al. High-dose pyridoxine treatment for inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency. Brain Dev 2021;43(6):680-687. PubMed
- Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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