Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Breath+Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ProCaps Laboratories

Breath+Plus label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Breath+Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Breath+Plus is a dietary supplement by ProCaps Laboratories with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for water retention and bloating, urinary and bladder support, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,263 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Peppermint Oil, Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil, Parsley seed Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (123 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Breath+Plus contains 6 active ingredients, including three concentrated oils: parsley seed oil, spearmint (leaf and stem) oil, and peppermint oil. These herbal oils are traditionally used for breath and digestive support.

The product also contains three omega fatty acids — gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and stearidonic Acid — which are plant-derived fats. The softgel capsule itself is the only inactive ingredient.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: help combat bad breath from stomach and digestive system.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Halitosis, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), breath freshness — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Peppermint is rated "Likely Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Peppermint is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Peppermint is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Halitosis, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

The evidence for parsley seed oil's effectiveness is insufficient for the conditions it's traditionally used for — urinary tract infections, melasma, osteoarthritis, nonmelanoma skin cancer, and insect bites — based on the data we hold. Similarly, spearmint oil lacks reliable evidence for age-related cognitive decline, cognitive function, flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, postoperative nausea, and osteoarthritis.

Peppermint oil has better-established evidence: it's likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome, and possibly effective for indigestion, chemotherapy-related nausea, and colonic spasm. The evidence for the omega fatty acids in this product is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Parsley Spearmint Peppermint

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

At food and tea amounts, parsley, spearmint, and peppermint are generally well tolerated. However, this product contains concentrated oils and extracts, which carry more caution.

Parsley in large amounts (especially concentrated extracts, seeds, and essential oil) may cause serious effects at very high doses, including hemolytic anemia and low platelet counts; it also contains vitamin K, which can interfere with blood thinners. Spearmint and peppermint oils, when used in concentrated supplement form rather than food amounts, have limited safety data and should be used only with your doctor's approval.

Common side effects of peppermint include abdominal pain, heartburn, diarrhea, and dry mouth. Allergic reactions are rare but have been reported with all three oils — including angioedema (swelling), anaphylaxis, and skin reactions — particularly in individuals with known plant allergies.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Parsley Spearmint Peppermint

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Peppermint, Parsley, Spearmint.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,264 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Breath+Plus, check with your pharmacist if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk of bleeding), diabetes medications (Moderate risk of low blood sugar), diuretics/water pills (Moderate), warfarin (Moderate), sedatives (Moderate), medications metabolized by your liver's CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 enzymes (Moderate), cyclosporine for transplant rejection (Moderate), sirolimus (Moderate), or aspirin (Minor).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Breath+Plus carries significant interaction risks because its three herbal oils affect how your body metabolizes many common medications, including blood thinners, diabetes drugs, diuretics, sedatives, and transplant medications. If you take any prescription medication, check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before taking this product.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether this supplement fits your individual health plan.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Breath+Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand ProCaps Laboratories
Barcode (UPC) 777307
Net contents 720 Easy-To-Swallow Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2022
DSLD ID 275233
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
720
UPC/BARCODE
777307
IngredientAmount% DV
Gamma-Linolenic Acid15 mg--
Alpha-Linolenic Acid89 mg--
Stearidonic Acid39 mg--
Parsley seed Oil10 mg--
Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil10 mg--
Peppermint Oil10 mg--
Total Omega Fatty Acids123 mg--

Other ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use Swallow one or two capsules with liquid after eating, before going to bed or first thing in the morning. For best results, do not chew capsules before swallowing. Breath+Plus can be used anytime, day or night, to help achieve clean, fresh breath by helping to eliminate unpleasant odors caused by garlic, onions, alcohol, fish oils, tobacco, morning breath, coffee, etc originating from the GI tract. Of course, oral hygiene is essential to clean, fresh breath. For questions about the use of this product call 800.332.7799.

General Statements

For over 40 years Unsurpassed, Purity, Quality, and efficacy 100% solar production Zero carbon footprint Andrew Lessman, Founder Questions? Reorders? 800.800.1200 www.ProCapsLabs.com HSN www.HSN.com 800.944.9999 www.QVC.com 800.345.1515

All solar manufacturing

Formulation

The alternative breath solution

Andrew Lessman’s BREATH+PLUS Is a unique approach to help combat the most frequently overlooked source of bad breath - the stomach and digestive system. Obviously, oral hygiene is essential to clean, fresh breath; however, the nearby contents of the stomach and digestive system directly affect the odors emanating from the mouth. The powerful, natural breath fresheners in Breath+Plus go to work rapidly within the digestive system to help eliminate offensive odors from garlic, onions, alcohol, smoking, coffee and even morning breath. Our highly concentrated extracts of parsley seed oil, peppermint oil and spearmint oil combine to create Mother Nature’s most effective, natural internal breath freshener. Since Breath+Plus is best used swallowed rather than chewed, there's also no unpleasant odor or after taste. If fresh breath is your goal, then Breath+Plus delivers the perfect complement to good oral hygiene by addressing the most overlooked source of bad breath - the odors originating from the nearby contents of the stomach and GI tract.

Contains no additives of any kind. Contains no milk, soy, yeast, corn, wheat, gluten, sodium, salt, sugar, cholesterol, color, preservative, common allergens or manufacturing additives.

Formula

Standardized extracts of peppermint, spearmint and parsley seed oils

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Ahiflower is a registered trademark of Technology Crops, LLC.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Breath+Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container720 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Parsley seed Oil

Interacts with
443 drugs
10 mg per serving

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...

Parsley seed Oil monograph & interactions

Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil

Interacts with
579 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Carvone

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild horm...

Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil monograph & interactions

Peppermint Oil

Interacts with
796 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Menthol, Peppermint Leaf Oil Extract, Peppermint Stem Oil

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...

Peppermint Oil monograph & interactions

Total Omega Fatty Acids

123 mg per serving Form: Ahiflower Oil
  • › Gamma-Linolenic Acid
  • › Alpha-Linolenic Acid
  • › Stearidonic Acid

Other (inactive) ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Breath+Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,263Drugs
1,263 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Peppermint Oil 796
Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil 579
Parsley seed Oil 443

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Breath+Plus interact with 1,263 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 6 ingredients in Breath+Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Peppermint Oil Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil Parsley seed Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Breath+Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Peppermint Oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint Oil full monograph & interactions

Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil2 drug types · 579 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (-)-carvone, a major constituent of spearmint, has sedative effects. However, in humans, chewing spearmint-flavored gum induced arousal effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Animal research suggests that drinking spearmint tea for 30 days can increase markers of liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cause liver degeneration and necrosis, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spearmint (leaf, stem) oil full monograph & interactions

Parsley seed Oil8 drug types · 443 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sirolimus (Rapamune)

Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Parsley seed Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Breath+Plus, from the product label.

ProCaps Laboratories

See all ProCaps Laboratories products
Name
ProCaps Laboratories
City
Henderson
State
NV
ZipCode
89011
Phone Number
800-800-1200
Web Address
ProCapsLabs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Breath+Plus has a known interaction with 1,263 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Breath+Plus contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take Breath+Plus while pregnant?
The safety data for pregnancy is mixed: parsley is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy because concentrated amounts may stimulate the uterus, so stick to food amounts only. Spearmint has conflicting ratings — it's marked both likely safe and possibly unsafe in pregnancy, which means the data isn't clear. Peppermint is rated likely safe. Because there's uncertainty, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product during pregnancy.
Can I take this if I'm breastfeeding?
Parsley's safety during breastfeeding is not rated in the data we hold, so we can't say either way — check with your doctor. Spearmint is rated likely safe during breastfeeding, and peppermint is also rated likely safe. Still, discuss it with your pharmacist before starting to make sure it fits your personal situation.
Does peppermint oil in this product actually work for anything?
Yes — peppermint oil is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome and possibly effective for indigestion, chemotherapy-related nausea, and colonic spasm. The other herbal oils and omega fatty acids in this product don't have established evidence for their traditional uses in the data we hold.
What are the side effects I should expect?
At the doses in this supplement, the most common side effects from peppermint are abdominal pain, heartburn, diarrhea, and dry mouth. Allergic reactions — including swelling, rash, or in rare cases anaphylaxis — can occur if you're sensitive to mint or parsley. Because these are concentrated oils rather than food amounts, side effects are possible even at normal doses.
Why does this interact with so many medications?
Parsley, spearmint, and peppermint oils in this product affect how your liver breaks down medications. They slow down several major liver enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4), which means your body processes many drugs more slowly and drug levels can build up — potentially causing side effects or toxicity. Additionally, parsley has blood-thinning effects of its own, which compounds the risk if you're already on a blood thinner.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin (Coumadin)?
Parsley seed oil is not recommended with warfarin. Parsley contains vitamin K, which can decrease warfarin's effectiveness and reduce protection against clots. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist — they may need to adjust your warfarin dose or monitor you more closely if you decide to take this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Breath+Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Breath+Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Parsley

Interacts with 443 drugs

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...

Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spearmint

Interacts with 579 drugs

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild hormone-related issues (such as excess facia...

Read the full Spearmint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Breath+Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 82 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Parsley 21 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  6. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
  7. Eberhard P, Gall HM, Muller I, Moller R. Dramatic augmentation of a food allergy by acetylsalicylic acid. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:844 PubMed
  8. Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardag R, et al. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:138-41.. DOI
  9. Chuang CH, Doyle P, Wang JD, et al. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations: an analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. Drug Saf 2006;29:537-48. PubMed
  10. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
  11. Jakovljevic, V., Raskovic, A., Popovic, M., and Sabo, J. The effect of celery and parsley juices on pharmacodynamic activity of drugs involving cytochrome P450 in their metabolism. Eur.J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;27(3):153-156. PubMed
  12. Kreydiyyeh, S. I. and Usta, J. Diuretic effect and mechanism of action of parsley. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79(3):353-357. PubMed
  13. Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S., Tabakoglu-Oguz, A., and Ozsoy-Sacan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(8):1206-1210. PubMed
  14. Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozsoy-Sacan, O., and Karabulut-Bulan, O. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. Phytother.Res 2004;18(12):996-999.
  15. Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Yanardag, R., Orak, H., Ozgey, Y., Yarat, A., and Tunali, T. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) extract versus glibornuride on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):175-181. PubMed
  16. Peterson, S., Lampe, J. W., Bammler, T. K., Gross-Steinmeyer, K., and Eaton, D. L. Apiaceous vegetable constituents inhibit human cytochrome P-450 1A2 (hCYP1A2) activity and hCYP1A2-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2006;44(9):147 PubMed
  17. Gadi, D., Bnouham, M., Aziz, M., Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Legrand, C., Lafeve, F. F., and Mekhfi, H. Parsley extract inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 8-17-2009;125(1):170-174. PubMed
  18. Arslan S, Ucar R, Caliskaner AZ. A Cases of Near-fatal Anaphylaxis: Parsley "Over-use" as an Herbal Remedy. Med Arch. 2014;68(6):426-7.
  19. Foti C, Cassano N, Mistrello G, Amato S, Romita P, Vena GA. Contact urticaria to raw arugula and parsley. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 May;106(5):447-8. PubMed
  20. Farzaei MH, Abbasabadi Z, Ardekani MR, Rahimi R, Farzaei F. Parsley: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;33(6):815-26. PubMed
  21. Kurtaran M, Koc NS, Aksun MS, Yildirim T, Yilmaz SR, Erdem Y. Petroselinum crispum, a commonly consumed food, affects sirolimus level in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021;12:20420986211009358.

See these in context on the Parsley monograph →

Spearmint 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8.
  3. Poon, T. S. and Freeman, S. Cheilitis caused by contact allergy to anethole in spearmint flavoured toothpaste. Australas.J Dermatol. 2006;47(4):300-301. PubMed
  4. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
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  7. Guney, M., Oral, B., Karahanli, N., Mungan, T., and Akdogan, M. The effect of Mentha spicata Labiatae on uterine tissue in rats. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2006;22(8):343-348.
  8. Masumoto, Y., Morinushi, T., Kawasaki, H., Ogura, T., and Takigawa, M. Effects of three principal constituents in chewing gum on electroencephalographic activity. Psychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1999;53(1):17-23. PubMed
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See these in context on the Spearmint monograph →

Peppermint 41 references
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See these in context on the Peppermint monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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