Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Calm Support Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GaiaKids

Calm Support label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Calm Support against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Calm Support is a dietary supplement by GaiaKids with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, trouble sleeping, nervous tension.Based on those ingredients, 849 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Passionflower flowering vine extract, organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract, organic Skullcap aerial parts extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Calm Support by GaiaKids

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Calm Support by GaiaKids — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Calm Support by GaiaKids

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (3 mL) without saying how much of each component you get.

Calm Support contains 6 ingredients, 5 of which are active herbal extracts: organic skullcap aerial parts, organic passionflower flowering vine, organic lemon balm aerial parts, organic California poppy whole plant, and organic English lavender flower — plus organic vervain aerial parts, which we couldn't assess for interactions. These are delivered in a liquid form using vegetable glycerin and water as inactive ingredients (the base that carries the herbs).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: calm and relaxation support for children.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Insomnia, Adjustment disorders, Perioperative anxiety, Pre-procedural anxiety, Psychological well-being — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lemon Balm is rated "Possibly Effective" for Stress (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Passion Flower is rated "Possibly Effective" for Pre-procedural anxiety, Insomnia.
  • Also on file: California Poppy is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety, Insomnia.

The evidence picture is mixed across these herbs. Passionflower and lemon balm show the strongest data — both are rated Possibly Effective for insomnia and stress-related anxiety, with passionflower also supported for pre-procedural anxiety.

Lavender is rated Possibly Effective for dysmenorrhea (painful periods). Skullcap and California poppy, though widely used for similar purposes, don't have reliable evidence behind them yet — we rate both Insufficient Reliable Evidence to Rate for anxiety, insomnia, stress, and related concerns.

The data we hold doesn't establish effectiveness for any of these ingredients on other conditions listed.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Skullcap Passion Flower Lemon Balm California Poppy Lavender

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Skullcap, passionflower, lemon balm, and California poppy all carry the same pregnancy and lactation caution: avoid during pregnancy due to lack of safety data, and avoid while breastfeeding. Lemon balm's pregnancy guidance is slightly less strict — avoid unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Lavender's pregnancy and lactation data aren't on file. All five checked ingredients are generally well tolerated short-term, but side effects are possible.

The most common are sedation, dizziness, and digestive upset (nausea, constipation, or diarrhea). A small number of people report confusion or, rarely, allergic reactions.

Lavender can cause headache and gastrointestinal symptoms. One case report linked a very high dose of passionflower to severe nausea, vomiting, and heart rhythm changes, which resolved after stopping it.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Skullcap Passion Flower Lemon Balm California Poppy Lavender

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — California Poppy, Lemon Balm, Lavender, Passion Flower, Skullcap.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 850 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you use Calm Support, check your medications against CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, pain relievers, anxiety drugs, and some blood pressure medications) — all five herbal ingredients can add to their effects. If you take thyroid hormone replacement therapy, lemon balm may interfere with it.

Passionflower may theoretically reduce absorption of medications using the OATP transporter, or decrease effectiveness of drugs processed by the CYP3A4 enzyme — use the checker to confirm whether yours are affected.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is designed for kids seeking calming support, built from herbs with some evidence for stress and sleep. It's not for you if you take sedatives, sleep aids, or other CNS depressants — the combination could be too strong.

If you take thyroid hormone replacement, check with us first because lemon balm might interfere. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking any medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 21, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Calm Support, straight from the product label.

Brand GaiaKids
Barcode (UPC) 751063391504
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 21, 2022
DSLD ID 270669
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Infants/Baby (0 - 1 Year), Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Calm Support by GaiaKids, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.167 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 mL
Servings per container
10
UPC/BARCODE
751063391504
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Extract Blend3 mL--
organic Skullcap aerial parts extract0 NP--
organic Passionflower flowering vine extract0 NP--
organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract0 NP--
organic California Poppy whole plant extract0 NP--
organic English Lavender flower extract0 NP--
organic Vervain aerial parts extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Enter ID# at meetyourherbs.com

Doctor Formulated

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use Ages 0-1: 5-10 drops Ages 1-2: 15-20 drops Ages 3-6: 40-50 drops Ages 7-13: 70-90 drops Dilute in water or juice. For occasional use, as needed, up to 3 times daily. Shake well before use.

Precautions

If your child has a medical condition or takes medications, please consult with your doctor before use.

Store away from children.

Use only as directed on label. Safety-sealed at neck of bottle.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Gaia Kids Est 1987 USA

Formulation

Great tasting support to help maintain a peaceful day

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Calm Support by GaiaKids label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Calm Support label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Calm Support by GaiaKids

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.167 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container10 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Calm Support by GaiaKids Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Calm Support?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
849Drugs
264 Moderate 585 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

organic Passionflower flowering vine extract 836
organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract 264
organic Skullcap aerial parts extract 248
organic California Poppy whole plant extract 248
organic English Lavender flower extract 248

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Calm Support interact with 849 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in Calm Support interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Passionflower flowering vine extract organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract organic Skullcap aerial parts extract organic California Poppy whole plant extract organic English Lavender flower extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Calm Support with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Passionflower flowering vine extract3 drug types · 836 drugs

Cns Depressants

Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Passionflower flowering vine extract full monograph & interactions

organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract2 drug types · 264 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Lemon balm seems to have CNS depressant activity in animals and in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Lemon Balm aerial parts extract full monograph & interactions

organic Skullcap aerial parts extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Skullcap aerial parts extract full monograph & interactions

organic California Poppy whole plant extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking California poppy with drugs with sedative effects may increase the risk of sedative effects.
Laboratory research shows that California poppy has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic California Poppy whole plant extract full monograph & interactions

organic English Lavender flower extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Laboratory research suggests that lavender has sedative effects. However, clinical studies in patients taking oral lavender oil (Silexan) 160 mg for 10 weeks or taking lavender flower powder 1 gram daily for 2 months have not reported side effects of drowsiness, sedation, or sleepiness. There is still some concern that higher doses or different preparations of lavender might have additive effects with CNS depressant medications.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
organic English Lavender flower extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Calm Support, from the product label.

GaiaKids

See all GaiaKids products
Name
Gaia Herbs, Inc.
Street Address
101 Gaia Herbs Dr.
City
Brevard
State
NC
ZipCode
28712
Web Address
GaiaHerbs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Calm Support by GaiaKids: Common Questions

Does Calm Support by GaiaKids interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Calm Support has a known interaction with 849 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Calm Support contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Calm Support safe to use while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, the data advises against it. Skullcap, passionflower, lemon balm, and California poppy should all be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety information. Lemon balm is slightly less strict in pregnancy — you could take it with your doctor's approval — but data on lavender and vervain during pregnancy or lactation aren't on file. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
Will this make my child drowsy?
Sedation is one of the most common side effects reported with these herbs. Dizziness and confusion can also happen. How much your child feels these effects depends on the dose and which ingredients affect them most, so start by talking to your pharmacist about what to expect and watch for.
Does Calm Support actually work for anxiety and sleep?
Passionflower and lemon balm have decent evidence — both are rated Possibly Effective for insomnia and stress-related anxiety, with passionflower also supported for pre-procedural anxiety. Skullcap and California poppy are used for similar reasons but don't have reliable evidence yet. Lavender's evidence is limited to painful periods. The ingredients in this blend may help, but results vary by person.
What are the common side effects?
Sedation, dizziness, and digestive upset (nausea, constipation, or diarrhea) are the most common. Headache, confusion, and mild allergic reactions are reported less often. A small number of people report digestive disturbances — around 9% in one study of skullcap alone.
Can my child take this with their sleep medication or anxiety medicine?
Probably not without checking first. All five herbal ingredients in this product can add to the effects of sedatives and other CNS depressants — prescription sleep aids, anti-anxiety drugs, and some pain or seizure medications. The combination could be too strong. Use the medication checker on this page or talk to your pharmacist before adding this product.
What does each ingredient do?
Skullcap, passionflower, lemon balm, California poppy, and lavender are all traditional calming herbs — they're included because they're thought to reduce anxiety and support sleep. Vervain is also a traditional calming herb, but we have no interaction data on file for it. None of these have been proven to work for anxiety or insomnia in kids specifically, though some have evidence in adults.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Calm Support is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Calm Support label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Calm Support’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Skullcap

Interacts with 248 drugs

American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...

Read the full Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Passion Flower

Interacts with 836 drugs

Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...

Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon Balm

Interacts with 264 drugs

Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold sores. Early studies are promising but gen...

Read the full Lemon Balm monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

California Poppy

Interacts with 248 drugs

California poppy is a traditional herbal remedy used mainly for anxiety and sleep problems, often combined with other calming herbs. Human research is very limited, so its true benefits are...

Read the full California Poppy monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lavender

Interacts with 248 drugs

Lavender is a fragrant herb most popular for promoting relaxation, easing anxiety, and supporting sleep, with some encouraging evidence for a standardized oral lavender oil product for anxie...

Read the full Lavender monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Calm Support's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 57 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Skullcap 3 references
  1. Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
  2. Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
  3. Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.

See these in context on the Skullcap monograph →

Passion Flower 19 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  3. Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
  4. Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
  5. Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
  6. Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
  7. Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
  8. Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
  9. Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
  10. Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
  11. Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
  12. Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
  13. Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
  14. Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
  15. Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
  16. Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
  17. da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
  18. Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
  19. Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed

See these in context on the Passion Flower monograph →

Lemon Balm 12 references
  1. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.
  2. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:863-6. PubMed
  3. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;72:953-64. PubMed
  4. Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® - Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
  5. Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.
  6. Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse. Planta Med. 1991 Apr;57:105-9.
  7. Sourgens H, Winterhoff H, Gumbinger HG, et al. Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. TSH- and prolactin-suppressing properties of Lithospermum officinale and other plants. Planta Med. 1982 Jun;45:78-86. DOI
  8. Auf'mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Amir SM, et al. Inhibition by certain plant extracts of the binding and adenylate cyclase stimulatory effect of bovine thyrotropin in human thyroid membranes. Endocrinology. 1984 Aug;115:527-34. PubMed
  9. Santini F, Vitti P, Ceccarini G, et al. In vitro assay of thyroid disruptors affecting TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Oct;26:950-5. PubMed
  10. Alijaniha F, et al. Heart palpitation relief with Melissa officinalis leaf extract: double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of efficacy and safety. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;164:378-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Feb 11. PubMed
  11. Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):207. PubMed
  12. Kucuk U, Pham M, Raza Raja MH, Saad Shaukat MH, Clark R. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with herbal supplement use. S D Med 2023;76(7):311-313.

See these in context on the Lemon Balm monograph →

California Poppy 3 references
  1. Hanus M, Lafon J, Mathieu M. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate
  2. Paul LD, Springer D, Staack RF, et al. Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in rat liver microsomal metabolism of californine and protopine. Eur J Pharmacol 2004;485:69-79. PubMed
  3. Paul LD, Maurer HH. Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the Eschscholtzia californica alkaloids californine and protopine in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003;789:43-5

See these in context on the California Poppy monograph →

Lavender 20 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
  3. Akhondzadeh S, Kashani L, Fotouhi A, et al. Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:123-7. PubMed
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See these in context on the Lavender monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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